...Public Policing Versus Private Security Trina Burkett AJS/502 March 19, 2012 Dr. Pamela Knothe Public Policing Versus Private Security When comparing public policing to private security there are several similarities and differences between the two roles. Private security is paid by a private company or agency, whereas public policing is paid by government salaries and by tax payers. Public police officers have the authority to enforce laws and protect and serve society. Private security officers are paid to protect private property and personnel. Most of the duties that public policing and private security officers perform are similar. The services that both officers perform are to achieve similar goals, to prevent, and deter crimes. Public policing and private security officers serve as leaders while performing their duties. Public policing and private security officers have a positive impact on the criminal justice system. The impact that both of these companies have on the criminal justice system could be enhanced if both would team up, work together, and look toward the future. Other topics that will be discussed are the importance of a comprehensive security plan and its key components. There are several differences between public policing and private security. Even though both public policing and private security perform the same type of work, private security protects organizations and personnel. Public policing has the authority to enforce the laws...
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...Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Paper AJS/502 November 23, 2013 Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Paper An individual seeking employment dealing with police work has the option of either obtaining a job as a private security officer or a police officer. Many similarities and differences exist concerning the two roles of public policing and private security. How private security and police officers operate and work together among the two organizations is different, but both entities display leadership responsibilities. The influences that both organizations have on the criminal justice system would be much better if both entities would join forces and collaborate on strengthening their relationship and working toward protecting society. This paper will highlight the differences and similarities between the two roles, how the leadership differs between the two roles, and what the relationship of each role is with the criminal justice system. The paper will also draw attention to what the essential policies for each role are and identify and discuss the significance of a comprehensive security plan, and what its main components are. Differences Both private security and public security are similar in many ways, but major differences between the two entities do exist. A distortion often exists between the dissimilarities of private and public policing. The individuals who work as private security officers have a mirror...
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...Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Alan Shank AJS/502 September 9, 2013 Christopher Eberle Public Policing Versus Private Security Comparison Comparing public policing and private is important in the criminal justice field as the criminal justice field moves toward a future of technological changes and the desire to keep the public safe while keeping costs down. To examine these two separate areas of criminal justice they will be broken down to see how each one is structured and the primary goals for each one. Public policing and private security can be used to describe the methods that we use in the world to keep people and their goods safe. First, we will examine Private Security; in its simplest form, the term “private security” refers to the protection of people, property, and information (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Society recognizes that the broader role of private security is for individuals and businesses to pay a fee to protect their persons, private property, or their interests from hazards (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security has developed throughout history along with Public Policing. Private Security has its roots in the middle ages under the system of Feudalism (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Land barons and kings hired retainers (infantrymen)...
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...Public Policing versus Private Security Achievement in civic monitoring depends on a successful conglomerate structure which aggressively looks for innovative prospects for partnership opportunities in problem-solving. Public policing and private security are significant schemes of patrolling and safeguarding property and citizens. Both provide identical services and goals like preventing criminality and mayhem, recognizing offenders, and guaranteeing the safety of the general public and assets. When comparing public policing to private security there are several similarities and differences between the two roles. Additionally, public police officers have the authority to enforce laws and protect and serve society while private security officers are paid to protect private property and personnel. The separations of private and public security departments have been can be noted since the boom of private security companies in the early 2000’s and can be seen even before these years as private security has been around since the early 60’s, there are now major corporations dedicated to the private security sector who secure and manage numerous properties all over the countries and in causes such as Wackenhut Security company, all over the world. The developing section of the private security continues to be towards sentries and watch components in the community, shopping complex, isolated neighborhoods, high-rise compound, or financial institutes all have their own private...
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...society, these different cultural groups we all belong to, tend to see themselves in terms of an “us versus them” mentality. Overcoming or at least understanding the differences we share with opposing cultural groups is crucial for the sake of peaceful human interaction and existence. Since the beginning of history, the public's attitude towards police has been mostly negative. Due to failed community policing attempts, the misuse of police authority, and the media negatively influencing both cultural groups painting a lousy picture on both spectrums, this has been a constant battle worldwide. Through effective neighborhood policing and learning to trust the police, America could be a sharpened more secure place to live. First, because of failed community policing attempts in America, there has been a constant battle for the people and the police to view each other as equals and overcome the differences we share. Community policing is the newest terminology for law enforcement. It is a federally funded initiative built on the premise that everyone should be working together to reduce the fear of crime. The major obstacle with this has always been getting the police and communities to stray from the way that we have always done things to accepting new and innovative ideas. According to the Oakland Police Department, there are three essential elements for a successful community policing program: “a mutual respect and partnership between the police and community, a new approach to identify...
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...Social Contract Theory of John Locke Luca D. Iaria University of Phoenix CJA 532/ Ethics in Justice and Security Professor: Cyril Vierra January 25, 2015 John Locke was a British Philosopher born in 1632. His most famous written work was The second treatise of civil government (written in 1690). This book focused on the natural state of man and how government should be structured. Locke was a fan of man to say the least. Locke describes man in his writing’s as being inherently good natured. Locke goes on to explain that man in a state of nature is peaceful. Locke contested that man should challenge authority by using self reason to search for the truth. He said that man shouldn’t just expect the opinion of the authority or be subject to superstition. By man choosing to use reason he can then find the truth and challenge the legitimate functions of institutions hence optimizing human flourishing for the individual and the society. Locke explains that without the establishment of a common political authority, man will remain in a state of nature. This is a clear example of how Locke felt about man and how he viewed them as a whole. Lock stated “All men in their natural state are in a state of perfect freedom (Locke, 1690).” The positive side of Locke's anti-authoritarianism is that he believes that using reason to try to grasp the truth, and determining the legitimate functions of institutions will optimize human flourishing for the individual and society both in respect...
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...NT OF J US CE TI Bureau of Justice Assistance IJ J O F OJJ D P B RO J US T I C E P Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH S G OVC RA MS Office of Justice Programs N BJ A C E I OF F Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH August 1994 NCJ 148457 Bureau of Justice Assistance This document was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management Team. BJA also acknowledges the members...
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...THE VIEWS OF THE TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO POLICE SERVICE (TTPS) VERSUS THE TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCIES (PSA) WORKING TOGETHER TOWARDS CRIME PREVENTION, IN THE MARABELLA POLICE DIVISION. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice of College of Science, Technology & Applied Arts of Trinidad & Tobago Troy Donawa 2015 Department of Criminal Justice & Legal Studies School of Liberal Arts and Human Services. Abstract The employment of private security officers has increased considerably internationally and especially throughout developing countries of the world. Trinidad and Tobago are no exceptions. While the private security sector has increased, concerns are raised on how the public police see these new agents of private policing and their role and ability towards crime prevention. This research will examine the views of officers of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) and Private Security Agencies (PSA) working together towards crime prevention. The study will examine the legislation, responsibilities, attitudes towards each other and whether cooperation exist between both sectors. The research conducted in the Marabella Police Division and there were ninety-one (91) participants. The discussion examined the literature review, Routine Activity Theory and the findings of the participants. The findings suggest that there is a need for improved...
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...community to be abandoned. Public support was changed to public condemnation. This became a self-fulfilling prophecy by increasing crime opportunities. State and public support had helped stabilize these communities, and their exodus had pushed these communities to their limits. An us versus them mentality grew and this created further division in the classes. The class division allowed the state and the media to convince the public the low socio-economic class had more issues. Members of the “at risk” communities were moved to their own section of cities, which created more opportunities for crime. The increase in criminal activity showed the need for more social control, which resulted in increased punishment and severity, more policing and more inequality towards minorities. The shift in the social realm created the shift in the culture of crime control. Before the shift there was a mindset of rehabilitation and reintegration for inmates. There was a comradery and an understanding that there are individuals who need extra assistance. Forward focused punishment preceded late modernity, and was marginalized and removed in the wake of a more oppressive and retributive form of punishment by the state. This transition was justified by the public because they feared crime at every turn. More police, more prisons, more surveillance and still the media convinced the people that everyone was at risk of becoming a victim. Victims were publicized and the public believed they were in danger...
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...expectations. Organizational culture is created and maintained through a multifaceted of formal and informal organizational systems. Formally, organizational structure, selection systems, orientation and training programs, rules and policies, and performance management processes all contribute to culture creation and management. Informally, the culture’s norms of daily behavior keep the culture alive and indicate to both insiders and outsiders whether the formal systems represent fact or façade. Culture defines us and reflects the corporate public image. Ethics is an integral part of that organization’s overall culture. Kinicki’s Organization Behavior (OB) 8th Edition states OB is interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work…..Three basic levels of analysis in OB are individual, group, and organization,” (Kinicki, P5). This paper analyzes cultural challenges faced by an organization that hires ICs versus employees through the levels in OB:...
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...LAWS1021 – CRIME – Week 3 Class 1 1. introduction 2. Ubiquity of discretion 3. Regulating discretion 4. Prosecutorial discretion 5. The Chaser case 6. Two tiers of justice 7. Magistrates and Local Courts 8. Supreme and District Courts 9. High Court appeals 10. Crown appeals ------------------------------------------------- From Last Class * Jurisdiction * Notion of how it is risen and how it is imposed * In 1788, assumed, put upon Australia from the act of colinisation * Sovereignty * From british states, then Australia as a commonwealth * Citizenship * General entitlement to rights protection etc. * Sovereign domain * Different for indigenous people, given no acknowledge of land ownership and traditional rights and customs as well as traditional rules * Agency * Autonomy as a group/individual * The capacity whether individually or collectively to exercise authority to determine * Previously denied * Criminalisation of traditional * Welfare * protection ------------------------------------------------- OOXX case * grew up during a time during hard economic circumstances with weak communal support due to governmental policies. * Lost a sense of identity when doing institution until he's about 19. He was separated from his family by the Australian welfare system. forced removal * Post-war...
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...consequently a general public outcry against the proposed visit, led by various Christian Church denominations who denounce the visit as an “offence to Christianity”. As the Attorney General, it is my duty to assess whether the vessel should be refused permission to land, and if this be the case, on what grounds. According to Bartrinijam law, the act of Buggery (which is defined as anal intercourse between a man and another man, woman or animal), constitutes a criminal offence. Card, Cross and Jones (2012) defines crime as an offence or legal wrong against the public for which the offender is liable to be prosecuted by or in the name of the state, and if found guilty punished. Legal Moralism, The Harm’s Principle as well as Paternalism are generally used to characterize crimes as well as the nature of crimes. With respect to this characterization, it therefore follows as per Lord Devlin that “Society may use criminal law to preserve public morality…” as in this view, the concern or focus of the law is not limited solely to security and order. Hence, as means of effectively defending as well as safe-guarding public morality...
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...SOCIAL CONTROL • What is Social Control? In sociological dictionaries, “social control” is defined to include all social processes, institutions and methods that produce (or attempt to produce) conformity or regulate the individual and collective conduct of its members. Social control refers generally to societal and political mechanisms or processes that regulate individual and group behavior, leading to conformity and compliance to the rules of a given society, state, or social group. Many mechanisms of social control are cross-cultural, if only in the control mechanisms used to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie. Some theorists, such as Émile Durkheim, refer to this form of control as regulation. Sociologists identify two basic forms of social controls: 1. Internal Control- Internalisation of norms and values by a process known as socialization. Socialization is defined as "“the process by which an individual, born with behavioral potentialities of enormously wide range, is led to develop actual behavior which is confined to the narrower range of what is acceptable for him by the group standards.” 2. External Control- External sanctions, which can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishment). These sanctions come from either formal or informal control. While the concept of social control has been around since the formation of organized sociology, the meaning has been altered over time. Originally the concept simply referred to society’s ability...
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...Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Kutztown University January 2010 This project was supported by Grant Number 2003-CK-WX-K049 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2009. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Letter from the Director Dear Colleagues, Fear of crime has an incredibly corrosive effect on individuals and entire communities. This issue is of great concern to all of us in law enforcement. Fear negatively shapes all aspects of the quality of life of America’s communities. The COPS Office recognizes that people not only need to be safe, but they also need to feel safe. Treating both of these issues as two parts of a greater whole is a critical aspect of community policing. That is why we produced this...
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...to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Globalization of products – refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land and capital) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) World Trade Organization (WTO) – is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in the trade treaties signed by WTO member states. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) were both created in 1944 by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; The WB was set up to promote economic development. United Nations (UN) – was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to persevering peace through international cooperation and collective security. International trade occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. Stock of foreign direct investment – refers to the total cumulative value of foreign investments. Multinational enterprise (MNE) – is any business that has productive activities in two or more countries. International Business – is...
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