...Define public policy in no more than thirty words. 2. List five key implications for the public sector of each of the libertarian, neo liberal and collectivist categories of political philosophy. 3. List the views of equity and effectiveness of each of the libertarian, neo liberal and collectivist categories of political philosophy. 4. Distinguish between property rights for ownership and for use of resources and provide three public policy examples of each. 5. Distinguish between demand-side and supply-side public policies and provide three examples of each policy. 6. Define contestable markets and provide three public policy examples. 7. Distinguish between economic, political and administrative decentralisation and provide two public policy examples of each. 8. In no more than thirty words, explain the meaning and justification of the EU’s policy of subsidiarity. 9. Define ‘exit’ and list five public policies facilitating the scope for exit. 10. Define ‘co-payments’ and list three practical examples. Section 2: Long answer questions. This section accounts for 70% of the total marks for this paper. These questions must be answered in essay style. Answers must make use of relevant concepts, theories & analytical frameworks. Analysis must be at a level appropriate for Masters. All questions are worth equal marks. Allow half an hour per question. Answer any two questions. 11. Consider the extent to which the 2007/09 credit crunch demonstrates...
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...that refers to the measuring of how well a public policy really works. Efficiency takes into consideration several factors such as cost, results, impact, feedback and puts it all together to measure the overall success of a public policy under an efficient point of view. While it is true that efficiency more often than not is represented by a ratio between results and costs, it could be argued that other factors play a role in it. Ultimately, high efficiency is very hard to achieve even when measuring some of the best policies, but what is even harder is determining a cost for a specific policy. Therefore, efficiency is often measured by analyzing procedural efficiency instead which compares what is produced to its cost. Implementation: Implementation is a term that refers to putting public policies into effect in order to achieve goals set for those policies. However, in reality implementation is hard to achieve as there are so many different ways to stop a public policy from being adopted or carried out. In fact, one thing is to have a public policy approved by law, but even then its implementation is not guaranteed which means administrators who have their public policies implemented should consider themselves lucky. An example of implementation would be the actual actions required to get a public policy started, whatever those may be. Coming up with public programs is one thing, but its implementation is what makes the program/policy work and have any impact on society. Iron...
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...The process of public policy-making involves interactions between diverse interests and stages in which political pressure groups take different strategies. Australian society has had an increasing number of pressure groups, one of main concerns of which has been public welfare policies. As the history of Australian welfare state has developed with substantial inputs from pressure groups, it is worth questioning whether their influence is still considerable in shaping or changing public policy outcomes. This essay will argue that the history of Australian welfare state development has largely prevented pressure groups from establishing a solid foundation in the welfare policy area, and that their participation in the welfare policymaking process...
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...contained in a known as public policy. In this vain, this essay is an attempt to define the term policy using examples from education. Furthermore, it will explain why it is necessary that each sphere of public life be enshrined in a public policy. The term Policy is not a precise term. Unfortunately, the term policy is something which takes different forms. There is push to designate policy as the ‘outputs’ of the political system, and in a lesser degree to define public policy as more or less like interdependent policies dealing with many different activities. Studies of public policy areas, on the centrally, have tended to focus on the evaluation of policy decisions in terms of specified values, that is, a rational rather than a political analysis. The magnitude of this problem can be recognized from the other definitions, which have been advanced by scholars in this field. To start with, Policy refers to those plans, positions and guidelines of government which influence decisions by government (e.g., policies in support of sustainable economic development or policies to enhance access to government services by persons with disabilities). In other words, policy is an action to achieve a goal (Bell & Stevenson, 2006). A policy establishes guidelines or direction for the City's actions with regard to one or more concerns, problems or opportunities. A policy can also be a general plan or approach to a specific need, problem or issue. This means that a policy is a general directive...
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...tation Compensation Policy Bd Telecommunication Rukana.Ppt Course No: EHRM-521 Course Title: Compensation Management Prepared for Abu Sayef Md. Muntaquimul Bari Chowdhuri Lecturer, Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies Jahagirnagor University Prepared By: Md. Abu Rukana (Std. ID: 2011 3 122 ) Md. Hemayetul Islam (Std. ID: 2011 3 022) Mohammad Khalilur Rahman(Std. ID: 20122394) Ziasmin Akter (Std. ID: 20113286) Content…….. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Synopsis of mobile operator in BD Robi Banglalink Citycell Findings Recommendation Q/A Mobile Phone Subscribers in Bangladesh Operators Grameen Phone Ltd. (GP) Active Subscribers(Million) 39.293 Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink) 25.490 Robi Axiata Limited (Robi) Airtel Bangladesh Limited (Airtel) Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell) Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. (Teletalk) Total 19.211 6.734 1.699 1.358 93.788 Source: BRTA Website Company Overview ROBI… Axiata (Bangladesh) Limited is a dynamic and leading countrywide GSM communication solution provider It is a joint venture company between Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. Company Overview ROBI Cont. On 28th March, 2010 the company started its new journey with the brand name Robi. It has the widest International Roaming coverage in Bangladesh connecting 553 operators across 207 countries. Compensation plan of ROBI Salary & Benefit Monthly salary is transferred...
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...Essay: * A public policy issue: m-Governance and implementation of online applications for service delivery and get feedback about the same One of the most important challenge before the government is proper implementation of policies announced from time to time for improving the living standard of targeted persons and addressing the need of society. Another important aspect of the public policy is the feedback about the achievements of the objectives set out at the time of framing policies and corresponding fine tuning of policies. These challenges increase in the county like India due to large population with wide spectrum of requirements and remote areas due to large territory. The interlinking of the public policies is also important so that the maximum benefits with limited available resources can be extended to the maximum public. The synergies of various policies can be combined to have the maximization effect. The penetration of the mobile phones is highest amongst the available IT tools in India. Accordingly, this can be the tool for increasing the reach of online applications. * Key dimensions and implementable solutions: For addressing above mentioned challenges, we need to have the online interactive applications/ systems. For the success of these online applications/ systems, it is necessary that, the common man is able to use them. Some of the key issues and solutions for implementation of the online applications/ systems and connecting the common...
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...1-3, According to James H. Svara: “The politics-administration dichotomy model is used for marking off boundaries of public administration. It is used to assert the normative relationship between elected officials and administrators in this democratic society. Public administrators do not make the law, but they implement laws that are made. Let me be clear about the definition of the concept. A city council does not get involved in administration A city manager has no involvement in shaping policies The manager occupies the role of a neutral expert who efficiently and effectively carries out the policies of the council. (Presumably, administrators do not exercise discretion, for to do so open the door to interpreting policy and choosing how and to what it will be applied.)” Wilson’s essay vacillates between the two poles of thought regarding the separability of administration from politics, thereby providing generations of later scholars with ample foot-note ammunition for both sides of the argument. Wilson appeared confused on the matter although the civil service reformers did not. They wished partisan politics out of certain aspects of the public personnel system. The disadvantage to this is government can implement laws without votes. An example, the government bailing out big businesses when they dwindle their funds and are going bankrupt. It is US policy to bailout the biggest American companies responsible for transportation-airliners, petrol companies, etc-from failure...
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...1-3, According to James H. Svara: “The politics-administration dichotomy model is used for marking off boundaries of public administration. It is used to assert the normative relationship between elected officials and administrators in this democratic society. Public administrators do not make the law, but they implement laws that are made. Let me be clear about the definition of the concept. A city council does not get involved in administration A city manager has no involvement in shaping policies The manager occupies the role of a neutral expert who efficiently and effectively carries out the policies of the council. (Presumably, administrators do not exercise discretion, for to do so open the door to interpreting policy and choosing how and to what it will be applied.)” Wilson’s essay vacillates between the two poles of thought regarding the separability of administration from politics, thereby providing generations of later scholars with ample foot-note ammunition for both sides of the argument. Wilson appeared confused on the matter although the civil service reformers did not. They wished partisan politics out of certain aspects of the public personnel system. The disadvantage to this is government can implement laws without votes. An example, the government bailing out big businesses when they dwindle their funds and are going bankrupt. It is US policy to bailout the biggest American companies responsible for transportation-airliners, petrol companies, etc-from failure...
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...political parties, and interest groups. 3. Examine and assess the implementation of democracy, including the different perspectives of elitism, pluralism, and majoritarianism. 4. Evaluate the role of the mass media in the political process. 5. Identify and discuss political culture and the function of political socialization. 6. Compare and contrast the relationship of federal and state governmental systems and processes with emphasis on California. 7. Evaluate and analyze the interdependence of economics and politics. 8. Distinguish between civil rights and civil liberties and their evolution in American society. 9. Assess the federal and state judicial systems and their impact on public policy. 10. Examine and discuss the process of public policy making in relation to international and domestic policy issues. 11. Assess the concept and implementation of citizenship. 12. Analyze issues of race, ethnicity, class, age, and gender as they relate to the distribution of power in the political process. Student Learning Outcomes: 1. In a multiple choice test, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles of the United States Constitution including its Articles and...
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...Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Wolfers Professor of Political Science and Management School of Management Yale University A chapter for the “Process of Organizational Learning” section of the Handbook of Organizational Learning, ed. Meinolf Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I. Nonaka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. DRAFT: Please do not cite without author’s permission. Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Yale University Political Organizations and Their Milieu Organizational learning derives most of its knowledge from research on organizations in the private sector, particularly from the study of the firm. Its rich interdisciplinary quality is reflected in the range of social sciences that have contributed to the field’s robust development. The contribution from political science, however, has been minimal (reasons are suggested in the chapter on ‘politics’ by LaPalombara in this volume). The mutual failure of political scientists to pay more systematic attention to organizational learning and of organizational learning specialists to extend their inquiries into the public/political sphere is unfortunate in at least three senses. First, a general theory...
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...Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Wolfers Professor of Political Science and Management School of Management Yale University A chapter for the “Process of Organizational Learning” section of the Handbook of Organizational Learning, ed. Meinolf Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I. Nonaka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. DRAFT: Please do not cite without author’s permission. Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Yale University Political Organizations and Their Milieu Organizational learning derives most of its knowledge from research on organizations in the private sector, particularly from the study of the firm. Its rich interdisciplinary quality is reflected in the range of social sciences that have contributed to the field’s robust development. The contribution from political science, however, has been minimal (reasons are suggested in the chapter on ‘politics’ by LaPalombara in this volume). The mutual failure of political scientists to pay more systematic attention to organizational learning and of organizational learning specialists to extend their inquiries into the public/political sphere is unfortunate in at least three senses. First, a general theory of organizational learning is unlikely to emerge unless and until what is claimed to be...
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...for national security, countries sometimes argue that it is necessary to protect certain industries (like aerospace, steel, advanced electronics, etc.) because they are important for national security. Finally, with regard to retaliating against foreign competition, some people argue that governments should use the threat to intervene in trade policy as a bargaining tool to help open foreign markets and force trading partners to "play by the rules of the game." In addition to these, political arguments for government intervention might also be motivated by the desire of governments to protect consumers from unsafe products, further its foreign policy objectives, protect human rights in trade partner nations, and protect the environment from pollution and degradation arising from growth of international trade. Describe briefly, with examples, the use of trade policies by governments to support their foreign policy objectives. Governments sometimes use trade policy to support their foreign policy objectives. A government may grant preferential trade terms to a country with which it wants to build strong relations. Trade policy has also been used several...
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...3.1 Financing the Plan with Macroeconomic Balance Given the grim looking macroeconomic scenario which is further marred by global slowdown, it seems unlikely for India to be able to cut down its fiscal deficit by a whopping 2.2 % as being forecasted. Moreover high inflation, even higher interest rates makes the need for lowering the fiscal deficit even more difficult one to achieve. Measures taken to curb inflation have not borne fruits till now, and some policy implementation is required in this direction. The target figure of fiscal deficit is 4.6 % during 2011-12. It is further targeted to reach 4.1% and 3.5% in FY13 and FY14 respectively. These estimates are majorly based upon two factors * An optimistic growth in tax Revenues * A substantial decline in the subsidy expenditure. We would analyze the feasibility of the aforementioned assumptions and would argue the difficulties that lie ahead in the realization of the two factors. GOI has assumed a growth in tax collections of 18% with a real economic growth of 9%, which seems highly optimistic given the poor implementation of tax reforms and seemingly unstable global macroeconomic environment. Budget at a Glance Rs. Bn | 2009-2010 A | 2010-2011 BE | 2010-2011 RE | 2011-2012 BE | 1. Revenue Receipts | 5,728 | 6,822 | 7,838 | 7,899 | 2. Tax Revenue (net to Centre) | 4,565 | 5,341 | 5,637 | 6,645 | 3. Non-tax Revenue | 1,163 | 1,481 | 2,201 | 1,254 | 4. Capital Receipts $ | 4,517 | 4,265 |...
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...ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDPD/2007/7 11 December 2007 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations New York, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 07-0488 Preface This study has been prepared by the secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) as part of its regular programme of work for the 2006-2007 biennium. The study draws upon work that ESCWA is implementing within the framework of harnessing technology and enterprise development for the improved productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to...
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...April 2009 I usually avoid politics, but since we now seem to have an administration that's open to suggestions, I'm going to risk making one. The single biggest thing the government could do to increase the number of startups in this country is a policy that would cost nothing: establish a new class of visa for startup founders. The biggest constraint on the number of new startups that get created in the US is not tax policy or employment law or even Sarbanes-Oxley. It's that we won't let the people who want to start them into the country. Letting just 10,000 startup founders into the country each year could have a visible effect on the economy. If we assume 4 people per startup, which is probably an overestimate, that's 2500 new companies. Each year. They wouldn't all grow as big as Google, but out of 2500 some would come close. By definition these 10,000 founders wouldn't be taking jobs from Americans: it could be part of the terms of the visa that they couldn't work for existing companies, only new ones they'd founded. In fact they'd cause there to be more jobs for Americans, because the companies they started would hire more employees as they grew. The tricky part might seem to be how one defined a startup. But that could be solved quite easily: let the market decide. Startup investors work hard to find the best startups. The government could not do better than to piggyback on their expertise, and use investment by recognized startup investors as the test of...
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