...of professionalism normally is linked in our field with the expression of a need to improve occupational standing.” (Piezka & L’Etang, 2006, 270). Discuss this in the light of professionalism in the public relations industry Professionalism in public relations is a multifaceted construct that discusses the ethical standards and skills required for PR practitioners and some of the criteria that are central to the profession are a body of knowledge, ethical practice, certification, importance to society and review by peers (Grunig & Hunt, 1984). The core professional value that serves as the ethos for the whole profession is the foremost among these criteria (Grunig, 2000), however, some practitioners discount it for its lack of pragmatics due to failing to master communication techniques that are known by the average citizen, people today who call themselves public relations practitioners still do not measure up to professional standards and lack of training (J. Grunig & L. Grunig, 1992; Grunig & Hunt, 1984; Dozier, Grunig, & Grunig, 1995). Several issues are identified from this definition for the core professional value that serves as the ethos for professionalism in PR. The issues shall be the discussion of the use of professionalism in the PR industry. As PR is a specialised professional occupation encompassed with its own set of values and beliefs, debates on the role of the professionalism development and education are inevitable among the public. To...
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...on the web defines professionalism as “both an individual characteristic and an ideological position”. John Quiggin goes on to describe individual professionalism as a set of values and conducts that has to be reflected when work is done and the ethical standards that have to be followed. Ideological professionalism refers to the affirmation that workers with a professional/craft/public service ethos should be given significant autonomy to take on their work in the way they judge to be appropriate. In another search on dictionary.com, professionalism is described simply as the professional character, spirit, methods, or the standing, practice, or methods of a professional, as distinguished from an amateur. Susan Jan says that “public relations is fundamentally the art and science of establishing relationships between an organization and its key audiences.” Public relations involve supervising and reviewing the attitudes of the public. It also helps an organisation to maintain its mutual relationship and understanding with its public, through improving the channels of communication and introducing new ways of setting up a two way flow of information and understanding. Public relations practitioners are highly skilled professionals who have the proficiency and knowledge in many areas. Some areas which will need their expertise are crisis management, account management skills, consumer public relations, etc. Public relations have to embrace professionalism because like all other...
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...Evolution of PR from its Inception to Today To discuss the origins of public relations, one must consider what is meant by “public relations.” What is generally termed as public relations today, with greater emphasis on managing communication between publics and the client, began to take shape over the past century. However early methods used by public relation practitioners and the goals for which these methods were utilized are millennia old. Kings and religious leaders throughout time have used persuasion to reinforce their image of power or to spread a truth deemed critical to the populace. Monuments and statues declaring the insurmountable power of leaders and decrees or writings of early religious leaders were used to persuade people to act in accordance with the creators’ goals or desires. The Renaissance brought increased public relation efforts in politics with the forced creation of the Magna Carta and the practices of political philosophers such as Machiavelli. The 1400’s saw the new world discovered, mercantile trade expand even further, and Gutenberg invent the movable type printing press. These factors stimulated new ways of thinking of oneself in relationship to others and increased the uses and means by which one could capitalize on persuasion. The usage and study of public relations has generally been led by the United States and can be seen through five stages: The Beginning of PR (1600-1799), Communicating/Initiating (1800-1899), Reacting/Responding...
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...Ethics in the Public Relations Industry There are a wide range of complex definitions applied to the practice of ‘Public Relations’, the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) for example has a full page statement outlining the profession (PRSA website1), as well as the definition formally adopted during the PRSA 1982 National Assembly “Public Relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other” (PRSA website2). For the purposes of this discussion however I plan to use the definition as outlined in the PRINZ Constitution and Rules (PRINZ Constitution): “Public relations practice shall be defined as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding and excellent communications between an organisation and its publics” With this in mind it would appear that upholding principals such as honesty, independence and fairness to be a simple task; however when financial or employment pressures change the practice from “establish and maintain mutual understanding” to more selfish ‘profit driven’ and organisation centric views, ethical challengers arise. The modern business environment is fertile ground for unethical behaviour. There is an overwhelming emphasis on profit among many (certainly not all) large organisations. Looking at the prevalence of this ethos, particularly when combined with the short-term rewards that one may gain through less ethical actions, it is certainly not hard to understand how many...
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...Public Relations and Professionalism Angela Brayton CJS/250 Ed Campbell 02/07/2016 What are some examples from the article concerning the importance of private security industry members having the same level of professionalism as public law enforcement officers? For the majority of private security in the article, with the exception of a couple, most appear to be handling situations in a professional manner as would the public police. The three who beat the man in front of his family, weren’t acting professionally. This is often the case with private security. Some take the security position as a job of power and feel that they can do whatever they want to a person if they think they are guilty off some wrong doing. How can a negative image impact the security of a community? How can this image be improved? A negative image from security officials will make a community feel unsafe, and feel as they can’t depend on having protection by them. If there are beatings going on at the hands of them, how could they feel safe? With the proper training and appropriate punishment when they don’t follow the rules, there wouldn’t be so much power play going on. I feel that there needs to be more thorough background checks done on potential employees. Here in Ohio, we recently had a case where a University of Cincinnati security officer shot and killed a person. Though I haven’t followed the story, I do know that there was rioting going on afterwards and the public was outraged...
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...usefully applied on future projects. I. What have we get from this project? There is good things and bad things that we have learnt in this project. Usually we only focus on the mistakes that were made. It is truth that we must learn from mistakes, but we also need to recognise what worked and make sure those processes and techniques that help the project succeed should not be forgetting and can be apply in future project. So the good thing about Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2) route 28 was built by Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) is to connect neighbourhoods near the boundary of Kuala Lumpur. Next, MRR2 brought travel within easy reach since it is a long highway that no traffic light. The bad thing about this project is controversial issues such as beam cracks on the Kepong Flyover. The Kepong Flyover was reported to be faulty because 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks. Next, the safety issues. Public concern about the safety issues at Kepong Flyover was due to the risks faced by at least 4,300 motorists using the flyover at a time. Lastly, due to incompletion of MRR2 for second closure has rose the traffic jammed. Without the lessons learned from previous projects, future projects will fall into the same routines and pitfalls that occurred in previous projects. II. Learning from Project Failures. Whether the entire project failed, or part of it failed, or even if the project succeeded in spite of a big failure...
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...*Ensuring professionalism amung the corrections staff should be easy seeing it is a professional career. During training you are taught that there are certain things you do and dont do. Correctional officers go through a similar training that the police recruits do. Being a corrections officer is not easy your job is maintaining a jail everyday. Work environment affects jail staff. Positive work situations could also help the professionalism in the work environment. Positive relations with coworkers and work standards (rules and policies) can also have a big impact. Also Correctional officers need to change the way that they view and/or handle their jobs. In a work place you bring what you feel. If you feel sloppy about the job, thats exactly how your going to treat your your position. The attitude towards the people your serving can have a major impact achieving professionalism. In the field of corrections, careers will take time to improve itself. This industry may come off unprofessional but it is far from that. Every manager must help the correction officers keep these professional standards as well. The support from peirs will help the officers understand what is expected of them and help mandate the *Thankfully a very small percentage (less than 5) exhibits he unprofessional disruptive behavior. Very small percentage but still plays a big role when it shouldnt happen at all. * private prisions are somewhat in the same catagory as non private facilities...
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...|[pic] |SYLLABUS | | |Axia College/College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJS/250 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Security | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to contemporary security practices and programs. Students will study the origins of private security, its impact on our criminal justice system, and the roles of security personnel. Students will also examine the growth and privatization of the security industry, and study the elements of physical security including surveillance and alarm systems. The course will cover legal and liability issues, which determine the extent of private security authority as well as its limitations. This course will also focus on the current and future integration of private security services in law enforcement agencies. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: ...
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...This article focuses on a coroner’s concern in relation to the professional standards imposed on district nurses. After failure to meet professional and statutory standards, a coroner criticized a district nursing service as being unfit for purpose, and its staff as unprofessional following the death of one of their patients. Standards of professional practice and behaviors regulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s revision Code (2015) includes four key requirements for district nurses: prioritize people, practice effectively, preserve safety, and promote professionalism and trust. Fundamental standards set out in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations (2014). Under this regulation, district nurses must...
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...EG2401 Engineering Professionalism Group 3 Final Report EG2401 Engineering Professionalism Full Report Group Members: Liu Weiyuan (A0086030R) Pham Thi Cam Nguyen (A0074425H) Reymond Edlin (A0083418A) EG2401 Engineering Professionalism Group 3 Final Report EG2401 Engineering Professionalism Group 3 Final Report Contents Abstract I. Introduction/Background II. Method III. Discussion 1. Bribe or Gifts? Ethical or Unethical? 2. Case Studies and the Scenario Case Study # 1 Case Study # 2 Case Study # 3 3. Limitation IV. Conclusion References EG2401 Engineering Professionalism Group 3 Final Report Abstract Gift receiving has long been a problem in evaluating the ethicality of engineers. In this study, we analyse the ethical boundaries of gift receiving. The foreground for this analysis will be based on several factors, including the value of the gifts and the behaviour (or intention) of engineers after receiving the gifts. These criteria will underpin the discussion for the scenario on whether it is ethical for engineers A, B and C to receive gifts from contractors and suppliers, given that they are involved in the bidding process to select the from the same contractors and suppliers. This report will also evaluate various ethical concerns by comparing the scenario against three different case studies, which will act as the three different extents of moral lines that are set in place. These comparisons would be used to derive a conclusion for the scenario...
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...social concerns, from its early development in the first half of the 19th century, to its shift toward depoliticizing and professionalism during the end of that century, culminating in the ongoing response to issues that demanded attention during the Civil Rights Era, and, which continue to remain prevalent. The basis for modern policing lies in the principles outlined in the 1820's, during a period of high crime, rioting, and economic instability, by Britain's then-Home Secretary, Robert Peel, who would later serve as Prime Minister (Bloy, 2002). His commonly referred to, "nine principles," became the structure for London's organized police force, refining its function, practices, and ideals in language both adaptable and explicit, appealing to notions of police productivity and effectiveness, also, over time, becoming a model for the rights of the accused and resultant law enforcement regulations and policies. The current conception of community-based policing, with focus directed toward police-community relations, is suggested in Peel's second, third, and seventh principles, detailing the importance of "public approval," "willing cooperation of the public," and maintaining a unifying relationship with the public, in mutual responsibility for law and order (Kooi, 2011). Historically, failure to adhere to Peel's principles has inspired occasions of public backlash, in the form of riots, reminiscent of the social climate that precipitated America's first police reform. The...
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...Advanced Audit & Assurance often creates the question on practice of ethics in professional activities. The purpose of this report is to review Threats to Compliance with the Code of Conduct by Professional Accountants. With the expanding business in the modern world, issues arise on professionalism of Independent and Internal Auditors. Is it whether the Professional Accountants follows the ethical code provided by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants in order to provide true and effective financial reports to the internal and external users? Professionals are expected to conduct themselves at a higher level than most others members in the organization. The International Accounting Bodies has emphasized the conceptual...
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...SESSION 6 DISCUSSION PAPER 3 THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE IN PROMOTING PROFESSIONALISM AND IMPLEMENTING THE CHARTER FOR PUBLIC SERVICE IN AFRICA A Paper Presented During The Capacity Building Workshop on “Promoting Professionalism in the Public Service; Strengthening the Role of Human Resource Managers in the Public Sector for effective implementation of the Charter for Public Service in Africa”, In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – 14 - 18th March 2011 Adah. K. Muwanga (Mrs.) Director Human Resource Management Ministry of Public Service P.O. Box 7003, Kampala - Uganda (i) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the paper on the role of Human Resource Managers in the Public Service in promoting professionalism and implementation of the Charter for Public Service, it is noted that although the Charter was adopted a decade ago, its implementation has been slow and uneven in the various African Countries. The paper reviews the Charter for Public Service with special focus on the underlying principles, the Code of Conduct for public servants, and the obligations of the Public Service as an employer. Note is taken to the fact that: (a) The Charter aims to enhance the image of the Public Service by upholding professionalism and ethical values in Public Service delivery. (b) The Charter is a broad framework, so the implementation strategies may be customized to suit the peculiarities of a given Country. (c) Sound Human Resource...
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...uniformed police patrol (Grant & Terry, 2008). Wilson noted that the patrolman’s role was defined more by his responsibility for maintaining order than by his responsibility for enforcing the law (Wilson, 1978). This style of policing includes a considerable use of police discretion. There are few policies and procedures, therefore allowing for an individual approach by officers towards problems. This form of policing is less pro-active than other forms, and as a result, officers are distanced from the people in the community. The Legalistic style of policing emphasizes the importance of law enforcement and maintaining clear and impartial legal standards for both the police and the public alike (Grant & Terry, 2008). In this form of policing, there is a high level of commitment to professionalism and considerable importance is placed upon research and planning. In legalistic-style departments, officers initiate formal contact with citizens and structure their work according to the criminal law (Police: Organization and Management - Variation in Style and Structure, 2011). These police departments have no interest in social problems and...
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...representing public relations consultants and in-house communications professionals for its client. Rantau PR is a member of the Public Relations Consultants' Association of Malaysia (PRCA). PRCA is a formal grouping of consultancy firms and it is a firm to train and produce better public relations consultant in order to provide professional services to the clients. Providing professional services to the client is important to build relationship between the agencies and the clients. Therefore, as a member of PRCA, the agencies will better understand of the public relations profession. This is because the members of the Public Relations’ Consultant’s Association of Malaysia have to practice certain code of ethic to assure the employees, the public, clients, the media, fellow members, business partners and suppliers the highest level of professionalism. The codes of ethic including provide professional service to clients, be honesty, respect for member firms and employees. Besides, Public Relations Consultants' Association of Malaysia (PRCA) also provides an interactive activity for their member where all their members will gather together and share their work. Thus, they will understand how other agencies provide their public relations consultant’s services to the clients. It is an opportunity to get in touch with other PRCA members and it is useful to their work. Rantau PR offers public relations services in all domains including strategic planning and public relations campaigns...
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