...The advantages and disadvantages of state vs. private prisons The advantages and disadvantages of state vs. private prisons In both state and private prisons, it is important to keep in mind that while the prisoners are being punished, they should be treated as human beings. The treatment of prisoners is just one of the issues when dealing with both types of prisons. There are many differences and similarities in state versus private prisons. These factors result from more than just funding issues; there are several factors to look at when studying each type. The main points that many people argue about are funding, privileges, and conditions or treatment. Not one of these factors is more important than the other. Financing for private corrections facility varies from state to state and from facility to facility. Georgia private prisons may be funded differently than a private prison in Florida. However there are two main forms of financing the capital cost earned during the construction of private correction facilities. The first option is that the corporation undertakes the construction of the private correction facility without the assistance of the public and rents the services to contracting jurisdictions. The other choice is that the facility may have the jurisdiction issue bonds to finance the development of the private facility. Private prison operators depend on cooperation from elected officials who are willing to continue funding experimentation with...
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...Public organisations should be more business-like. Introduction There is no lacking of support in the society advocating that public organisations should be heading towards into a manner that is more business-like, in other words, to adopt the business model that private companies operate. However, there are also people in the public suggests that the public sector should keep its operating model for public and private organisations are operating to achieve different goals in the society. This article is aimed to examine whether organisations in the public arena should be run more business-like through situational examination, literature reviews and detail market analysis. In this paper, the author will discuss the difference between the public sector and the private companies in terms of business objectives, the uniqueness of public services offer by the public sector before the discussion of whether public organisations should run more business-like. Public Sector Vs Private companies By their very nature, public and private sector businesses are very different organisations operating to fulfil different objectives. The public sector has public accountability and therefore institutions in this sector is usually are owned and operated by the government. Organisations operate in the public sector, for example, the Royal New Zealand Police is under a mandate to provide a public service to safeguard the safety and wellbeing of the residents in New Zealand. The service is...
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...The Prison System CJS/200 October 24, 2010 Monty Mathis The Prison System History of the prison system Prisons back in the 16th and 17th centuries were used to punish people who could not pay their taxes, and rent among other things they were called Debtor’s prison these were a form of a work house. A public display of punishment for a convicted criminal such as stock’s even branding. In the 18th century this is when the public started opposing the death penalty except for serious crimes such as murder. From the mid 18th century to be imprisoned meant hard labor for those who committed petty crimes. By 1777 John Howard (namesake of the Howard League) chastises the prison system as being filthy, barbaric, and disorganized. (Howard League, 2006) The Great Penitentiary Rivalry involved the state of Pennsylvania and the state of New York. And, each state believed that the system they had in place was the best system to address the constant issue of overcrowding. Pennsylvania constructed two new prisons; the Western Penitentiary and the Eastern Penitentiary. Their system was based on the concept of silence as a virtue (Gaines & Miller, 2009). In Pennsylvania the inmates were kept separate from one another and the only contact they had was with clergyman and staff. New York’s Newgate Prison, built in 1791, was operated the same as those in Pennsylvania except they were able to eat together – in silence. Although there are different types of systems in place today, both...
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...Lee Bergen In The Prison Break genius and revolutionary Grayson Silverman discusses the positive economic, political and social impacts of the continued legalization of private Prisons. Grayson Silverman helps to inform those currently unaware on the issue while also providing deep factual information. He supports his research with hard boiled facts and study's. Ensuring that this report is both factual and interesting. The Prison Break It is quite easy to look at private prisons and see them as evil corporation which uses the captivity of people to generate a profit. There are many benefits that are commonly over looked by the media because they wouldn't generate nearly as many ratings if they...
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...Models of American Prison A prison is in place to confine and deprive people from their basic freedoms. A prison is an institution that is part of the criminal justice system that is imposed for the conviction of a crime. A criminal that is charged or going to be charged will be held in a prison if unable to come up with the money for bail. A criminal defendant is also placed in a prison if they are found guilty of a crime (Americanprisonsystem.com, 2009). Throughout this paper the history of a prison, the Penitentiary Rivalry between Pennsylvania and New York and the effect these have had on the prison system we have in place today. The American prison system has been in place since the late 18th century. “Bridewells” were the first prisons and they were found in England. These prisons had very little to do with any form of punishment and were mainly used as holding cells for those facing a trial or those about to be executed, or those being banished from their community. The Walnut Street jail was the first penitentiary to be opened by the state of Pennsylvania in 1790.This particular jail was ran on the ideal that silence from the inmates would encourage them to think about their crime and then their conscience would lead them to repent for their crimes (Gaines & Miller, 2009). Being isolated from one another and being kept busy with different tasks was how the inmates lived. The prison eventually began to experience the same problems that the prisons in today’s society...
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...The Prison System January 23, 2010 There is much to discuss when it comes to our prison systems. The history, the evolution of the system, and the manner in which prisons are operated, both in the past and today, each are important topics in the discussion of the prison system. The fundamentals of the prison system have progressed greatly over the years as well as the influence of the prison system on America. The development of privately operated prisons has added a political aspect to the imminent solutions of the problems within the prison system. The birth of the prison system stemmed from the need to find more humane and effective means of punishment for wrongdoers, or those who chose not to follow society’s guidelines. Before prisons existed, the majority of serious crimes were dealt with by capital punishment. The British criminal code, which was emulated until the Revolution, depended greatly on capital punishment. Although less severe crimes, which did not sanction the death penalty, were punished with fines or “sanguinary” punishments. Non-capital punishments in the early days of criminal justice were designed to terrorize and subject offenders to derision in hope that they would change their behavior. Jails existed but they were mainly used to hold criminals during pretrial proceedings. The realization that cruel vengeance did little to limit or prevent criminal activity in the 1700s further promoted the invention of the prison. The first penitentiary...
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...achieving professionalism. In the field of corrections, careers will take time to improve itself. This industry may come off unprofessional but it is far from that. Every manager must help the correction officers keep these professional standards as well. The support from peirs will help the officers understand what is expected of them and help mandate the *Thankfully a very small percentage (less than 5) exhibits he unprofessional disruptive behavior. Very small percentage but still plays a big role when it shouldnt happen at all. * private prisions are somewhat in the same catagory as non private facilities but are different in how much cost efficient they are. In a private facility your watch load is going to be smaller because private facilities only hold about 7% of Americans in the state and federal prision system, which comes to be about 94,948 people (bureau of justice 2002) its easier to maintain a private facility because of the smaller population of prisoners. The quality of service...
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...INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PRISONS: DOES THE EXISTENCE OF PRISONERS UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT AFFECT THE RATE OF GROWTH IN EXPENDITURES ON PRISONERS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT?* James F. Blumstein** Mark A. Cohen*** * Work on this project was funded by the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) and by the Association for Private Correctional and Treatment Organizations (APCTO). ** Centennial Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School; Director, Health Policy Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies. B.A. (Economics), Yale College; M.A. (Economics), Yale University; LLB, Yale Law School. Institutional affiliations for identification only. *** Professor of Management (Economics), Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University; Director, Vanderbilt Center for Environmental Management Studies; Leverhulme Visiting Professor and Visiting Professor of Criminal Justice Economics, University of York (U.K.). B.S.F.S., Georgetown University; M.A. & Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University. Institutional affiliations for identification only. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study investigates the relationship between (i) the fact that a particular state houses some of its prison population in prisons that are privately owned or operated and (ii) the growth in costs per prisoner in publicly operated prisons. The core objective has been to determine whether the existence of prisoners under a state’s jurisdiction that are held in private facilities can have a beneficial...
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...Jails and Prisons Comparison University of Phoenix CJA/234 Ms. Pamela Collinshill June 25, 2013 Introduction: For more than two hundred years the United States has used incarceration to punish any and all criminals. Jails and prisons are the institutions that judges send criminals to so they can serve time depending on the seriousness of the crime that the individual has committed. Being incarcerated is the humane form of punishment that is used considering how they used to punish individuals back in older times, when criminal justice was looked at differently. Jails Jail is a place where a criminal is confined to temporarily while awaiting trial or conviction of any type of minor offenses. The first jails were created in England in 1166 by King Henry II. Jails were used to house poor people, displaced people, mentally ill people, and criminals and the conditions in which the jails were; dirty, little and poor food, little or no medical attention, and full of violence. When John Howard became sheriff in 1773 he was appalled by these conditions and created the Penitentiary Act of 1779. “This act created four requirements for English prisons and jails: (1) secure and sanitary structures, (2) systematic inspections, (3) abolition of fees charged to inmates, and (4)a reformatory regime in which inmates were confined to solitary cells but worked in common rooms during the day. The act also detailed the requirements...
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...Facilities: Juvenile Crime Kalah Jiggetts Criminal Justice Abstract This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles discussing its philosophical, organizational, economic, and legal implications. At year-end 2001, privately operated facilities...
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...Paper For at least a century, Prisons have always been a part of society. For many decades, penitentiaries have been embedded into our society as form of rehabilitation; or in some cases, a form of order and public safety. Throughout history, penitentiaries had evolved steadily; however, some may say that these facilities have evolved into something that was never intended. With that being said, let’s explore how penitentiaries were originated. Today, Prisons are recognized as a ‘method” of corrections, as well as, a form of deterrence; however, this wasn’t the case many years ago. During the early 1600s, prisons were known as jails. These jails were recognized as temporary rehabilitation facilities for just minor offenders (National Institute of Corrections, 1986). These jail facilities instituted punishments in the forms of shackles, lashings, and hard labor on the minor offenders. Even though these facilities were known to be a huge success, they were still primarily for minor offenders. Serious offenders were still tortured, mutilated, deported, and even executed (Smith, 2006, Chapter 4). During the 1700’s, Europe & North American jails weren't so organized. Jail and workhouse administrators were allowed to anything that they wanted with their inmates. The government was very lenient. Inmates were permitted by jail keepers to do anything they pleased. Inmates were permitted to make up their own rules. While there was still prison facilities that enforced slave styled...
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...criminals. Jails and prisons are the institutions that judges send criminals to so they can serve time depending on the seriousness of the crime that the individual has committed. Being incarcerated is the humane form of punishment that is used considering how they used to punish individuals back in older times, when criminal justice was looked at differently. So we will be learning about the history of the jails, state and federal prison system we will learn how they are different from one another. Jails Jail is a place where a criminal is confined to temporarily while awaiting trial or conviction of any type of minor offenses. The first jails were created in England in 1166 by King Henry II. Jails were used to house poor people, displaced people, mentally ill people, and criminals and the conditions in which the jails were; dirty, little and poor food, little or no medical attention, and full of violence. When John Howard became sheriff in 1773 he was appalled by these conditions and created the Penitentiary Act of 1779. “This act created four requirements for English prisons and jails: (1) secure and sanitary structures, (2) systematic inspections, (3) abolition of fees charged to inmates, and (4) a reformatory regime in which inmates were confined to solitary cells but worked in common rooms during the day. The act also detailed the requirements for diet, uniforms, and hygiene for prisoners.” (Seiter, 2011) State and Federal Prison: The history...
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...2: FALSE IMPRISONMENT AS A TORT ........................... 9 Chapter 3: INGREDIENTS OF TORT OF FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............................................................................. 15 Chapter 4: REMEDIES ..................................................................... 17 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION ............................................................... 20 Chapter 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................... 22 1 haripriya91@gmail.com HARI PRIYA NALSAR TABLE OF CASES: A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras .................................................................... 10 Altken vs Badwell (1827) Mood & M 68 ........................................................... 8 Bheema vs Chapman (1848) 8 MHC 38............................................................. 8 Bhim Singh vs State of Jammu & Kashmir ...................................................... 13 Cobbet v. Gray (1852) 4 EX 729 ..................................................................... 10 D.K. Basu v. State of West...
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...INMATE INDUSTRIES JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY OF ALBERTA 2002 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The trend toward developing inmate industries which operate as viable businesses that compete fairly in the open market place has gained momentum over the past two decades. The history of inmate employment in Canada plays a significant part in understanding current developments in inmate industries. The earliest recorded effort to employ offenders in Canadian penitentiaries was in 1835. Since then, there has been a steady reorganization and expansion of inmate industries within Canadian federal corrections. The CORCAN Corporation was created in 1980 to serve as the production and marketing arm of the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Currently, CORCAN programs operate in over half of the federal correctional facilities across Canada, employing 4000 offenders throughout the year (CSC, 2001). CORCAN currently operates five main business lines: Agribusiness, Construction, Manufacturing, Services and Textiles. Each business line is responsible for providing services or products that range from agriculture commodities to computer data entry and data base creation services. In 1992, CORCAN was granted the title of Special Operating Agency (SOA), which provides certain organizations with the opportunity to become more productive, efficient and competitive. The move to SOA status does not represent the privatization of CORCAN, but does allow CORCAN greater control over the creation of various work programs...
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...Constitutional Law: Feminist Critiques of Public/Private Distinction By Frances Olsen INTRODUCTION Frances Olsen (born on February 4, 1945) is a professor of law at UCLA. She teaches Feminist Legal Theory, Dissidence & Law, Family Law, and Torts. Feminist Legal Theory is just over a decade old in the United States and is even younger in most other countries. Here, Frances Olsen presents one of her articles from within this burgeoning field. The topic of “private/public” has been actively debated in various scholarly discourses for many years. The factors such as the protection of individual decisional autonomy (private) from state regulation (public), and the preservation of communal interests (public) vis-à-vis personal pursuits (private) creates a conceptual tension. The present article particularly deals with the attempts of the female critiques/ advocates to challenge and even eliminate the distinction between private and public spheres. Frances Olsen presents the arguments of the feminists’ critiques of the public private divide that in many situations, this divide disadvantages women and the institutions with which women are traditionally associated such as the family. The author further says that by classifying family as ‘private’ the public private distinction often serve to shield abuse such as domestic violence. Domestic violence is illegal in every state. However, confusion about whether this is a public or private problem has not disappeared. I take...
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