...We Are Detrimentally Dependent on Technology October 13, 2010 Abstract Technology comes in many forms and no aspect of our lives is untouched by some form of technology or another. Technology is defined as “the practical application of science to commerce or industry”. Technological development into present day has been meteoric to say the least. With the advancements of nearly every aspect of human life having some tie with technology, one might start to see a synergistic relationship between humans and technology. However, while some would believe this relationship has been beneficial for us, we believe there have been detrimental effects from our growing dependence on technology. 1 Introduction No one can argue against the fact that the human race has made enormous bounds in advancements in the last century. From developments in technology which affect society, how we communicate, the field of medicine and education. Technology has not left any aspects of our lives untouched. There will be no shortage of people who would argue that the technological advancements of the 21st century have been beneficial to society. While beneficial, we believe that, as a society, we must realise the magnitude of our dependence on technology and the ramifications if it were to be taken away from us. This paper argues that humans have formed a detrimental symbiotic relationship with technology in its many forms. This paper will investigate the changes that technology has affected, and show that...
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...youth by a police officer. The child may then be sent off to a youth offending team to complete voluntary work also known as community service, this will help to teach the youth a lesson not to punish them. A final warning is given to a child who admits that they are wrong in the offence they have performed. The child must then be assessed by a series of activities to help see the causes of their offending. Anti-social measures ASBO’s (anti-social behaviour orders) and ABA’s (Acceptable behaviour agreements) are given out to help prevent anti-social behaviour from happening. An ASBO helps within the act of preventing an individual from committing the offence again, it can also stop the youth from being allowed to enter certain areas to help protect the community. An ASBO can be given to any child aged 10 years and over, its intention is not to punish the individual but it must be put in place to let them know of their wrong doings. An ABA is a written agreement which states that the person must agree to not act in a certain manner that will be classed as anti-social behaviour. It is an alternative to an ASBO and is put in place when the person issuing the ABA feels as if an ASBO isn’t suitable for the situation. Financial Penalties This involves the offender having to pay a certain amount of money to the court depending on how bad the offence is. If the individual committed murder giving them a financial penalty would not be suitable however for offences such as disrupting the...
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...to. (P2) Sentences and orders | Description the sentence or order | Type of offender | Youth sentences. | Sentences are designed to be supportive as well as a punishment and therefore vary in style for young people offenders. For example young offenders under the age of 18 are often given sentences designed to support them in turning their behaviour around which can include. * Child curfew scheme * Truancy orders If none of these work YOT will use other strategies as a pre-court measure these include. * Reprimand * Final waring | ASBO, assault | Financial penalties | Penalty where an offender is required to pay a certain amount of money to the court. | Drug Possession, Burglary | Antisocial behaviour measures | Anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) are intended to control the nuisance elements in a community to improve the quality of life for all of the other residents. These orders generally last for a minimum of two years and contain certain conditions which must be obeyed. ASBOs impose restrictions or conditions on someone, such as: * Retracing access to residential area * Not committing the same behaviour again * Not associating with certain people | Graffiti, noise pollution, littering | Community sentences | Which often require the offender to give certain number of hours to serving the community. This could be removing graffiti or helping landscape waste. | Damaging property, benefit fraud | Custodial sentences | This means spending...
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...Youth Justice http://yjj.sagepub.com/ Book Review: M Little and B Maughan, Effective Interventions for Children in Need, The Library of Essays in Child Welfare and Development, Ashgate, Burlington, VT, USA, 2010, £120 Hb, ISBN 978-0-74562-825-2 Declan Coogan Youth Justice 2011 11: 194 DOI: 10.1177/14732254110110020603 The online version of this article can be found at: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Youth Justice can be found at: Email Alerts: http://yjj.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://yjj.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jul 13, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from yjj.sagepub.com at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) on April 16, 2014 194 Youth Justice 11(2) alongside England and Wales and in so doing makes some invaluable comparisons and contrasts in light of the differing legal systems. Nonetheless, this does raise questions about the primacy accorded to the Scottish Sheriffs’ accounts in the second section of the book in light of the markedly different approach to ASBOs adopted in Scotland, especially where young people are concerned (pp. 121–125). The Sheriffs’ accounts clearly lend support to extant concerns about net-widening (cf. Squires and Stephen, 2005)...
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...Distinction | D1 - Evaluate the impact of one piece of crime and disorder legislation. | Scenario As part of your interest in the criminal behaviour you have successfully gained a placement at a local magistrate’s court. You have been asked to prepare some materials for an open day for members of the public. Task 1: You have been asked to produce an information leaflet outlining current crime and disorder legislation. In your leaflet you should consider relevant legislation such as: Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003, Crime and Disorder Act 1998, Police Reform Act 2002, Criminal Justice Act 2003, Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. This provides evidence for Unit 12 P1 Task 2: In order to expand on this you should analyse the impact of 2 pieces of legislation on individuals (offenders, victims and witnesses), communities and the relevant public service. This provides evidence for Unit 12 M1 Task 3: Finally you should evaluate one specific piece of legislation, whilst looking at the impact on all levels (including individual, society and organisational). Ensure you include a consideration of whether the legislation has had the desired effect. This provides evidence for Unit 12 D1 CONTENT Crime and disorder legislation: current criminal justice legislation covering crime and sentencing e.g. Antisocial Behaviour Act 2003, Crime and Disorder Act 1998, Police Reform Act 2002, Criminal Justice Act 2003 Impact of...
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...Providing a workplace that is safe and free from any form of harassment for all employees, visitors and personnel is a priority for Asda. Asda will not tolerate any form of bullying regardless of its type – where mental or physical. Workers are protected by this policy whether they feel bullied by employees, visitors and personnel. Asda expects all employees, visitors or personnel to behave in an appropriate manner that reflects Asda’s code of conduct. Asda Will not accept any conduct that is offensive, humiliating, embarrassing or intimidating to other members of staff or to people with whom contact is made in the cause of official duty. Every individual is personally responsible for their own behaviour and additionally management has a...
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...Without a single definition of the term anti-social behaviour, what is, and what is not classified as anti-social behaviour, is an ongoing debate. The wide spectrum of behaviours which can be covered under the expression anti-social behaviour, differ greatly in levels of intensity. This is seen through The Scottish Executive, 2003, which states anti-social behaviour can encompass anything from dog fouling and littering, to sexual harassment and violence. The Home Office and the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 give different, yet both extremely vague, descriptions of anti-social behaviour; while the Home Office defines it as ‘any aggressive, intimidating or destructive activity that damages or destroys another person's quality of life,’ the 1998 Act expresses it as behaviour that ‘causes or is likely to cause alarm or distress to one of more persons not of the same households’. People hold different views on anti-social behaviour, due to how and where they were brought up, just as can generation and cultural differences cause diverse perceptions. Due to the vagueness of the term anti-social, it can allow anybody to be accused by anyone of being anti-social. This gives many problems as how to tackle anti-social behaviour, as the area of trouble is so large, and as society and technology is changing, new policy developments need to be continually made. A distinctive characteristic of anti-social behaviour is the insignificance of whether the criminal law has actually been broken....
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...Outline The Main Ways By Which Offending By Children And Young People May Be Prevented. Explain Any Conflicts You Feel May Exist With The Principles Of Human Rights And Natural Justice. The aim of the question stated is to discuss how the New Labour Government has responded in terms of preventing children and young people from engaging in criminal behaviour and entering the youth justice system. In order to answer this statement the essay shall explore the various legislations implemented in an attempt to prevent youth criminality, discussing any conflicts that exist with the principles of Human Rights and Natural Justice. In Britain there are two types of Law, firstly Statutory Law, which are Acts of Law passed by the Parliament. Whereby the Parliament must check its consistency with the 1998 Human Rights Act (the HRA). The HRA ‘introduced European Convention on Human Rights into English Law’ (Crawford & Newburn; 2003: p16). The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice include: ‘The best interests of the child are paramount; judicial proceedings should be avoided where possible; any intervention should be kept minimum; police, prosecution or other agencies should be able to dispose of cases at their discretion; criminalizing and penalising young people should be avoided unless there is serious damage or harm to others; legal assistance should be prompt and free of charge’ (Crawford & Newburn; 2003: p16). The second type is Common Law;...
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...underlying cause. By punishing a bully, does that end the problem of bullying or result in more hatred and aggressiveness on part of the bully? “Since bullies are made, not born, rehabilitation is an attainable and preferable alternative to resorting to harsh reprimands or turning a blind eye” (Hanson). Bullying is a form of youth violence. It is an unwanted aggressive behaviour by one or a group of young persons. It is normally repeated frequently and affects the person physically, psychologically, socially, or educationally. Bullying can be in the form of physical, verbal or social aggression. Another form of bullying is cyber-bullying, which involves bullying through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website, text messaging, or videos or pictures posted on websites or sent through cell phones (Understanding Bullying - Fact Sheet). The first response to deal with a bully is normally to punish them. They are regarded as a ruthless, emotionless and bad person, who hurt others and therefore they cannot be helped. But most of the time, those bullies do not even realise the impact their behaviours are having on the victims. There are times when they have actually been victims of bullying themselves and to them, this is a way of venting their frustration out (Hanson). A third of bullies are victims of bullying and those kids actually are more prone to depression and suicide (Smith-Heavenrich). Counsellors and psychologists believe that bullies’ behaviours relate to their...
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...Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Labelling theory claims that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights social responses to crime and deviance Macionis and Plummer, (2005).Deviant behaviour is therefore socially constructed. This essay will describe in full the labelling theory and comment on the importance of the theory to the deviant behaviour of the youth and the anti-social behaviour of the youth in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late 1970s when it was used as a sociological theory of crime influential in challenging orthodox positivity criminology. The key people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this view of deviance are said to have been first established by Lement, (1951) and were subsequently developed by Becker, (1963).As a matter of fact the labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant paradigm in the explanation of devience.The symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the assumption that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm but as any behaviour which is successfully defined or labelled as deviant. Deviance is not the act itself but the response others give to that act which means deviance...
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...its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Labelling theory claims that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights social responses to crime and deviance Macionis and Plummer, (2005).Deviant behaviour is therefore socially constructed. This essay will describe in full the labelling theory and comment on the importance of the theory to the deviant behaviour of the youth and the anti-social behaviour of the youth in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late 1970s when it was used as a sociological theory of crime influential in challenging orthodox positivity criminology. The key people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this view of deviance are said to have been first established by Lement, (1951) and were subsequently developed by Becker, (1963).As a matter of fact the labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant paradigm in the explanation of devience.The symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the assumption that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm but as any behaviour which is successfully defined or labelled as deviant...
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...Research Theories of Anti-Social Behaviour and highlight the key points. Functionalist Theory A theory that I have found that relates to Anti-Social Behaviour is the Durkheim Theory; does he believe that committing suicide is not a mental problem? I am now going to highlight the key points in this research task that I have found. As far as Individuals were concerned this separate’s sociology from psychology. Research shows that suicide occurred when anomie arose. Anomie means the lack of social standards in an individual. I will now provide 3 different examples to show my understanding. He compared 3 different religious groups, Jews, Catholics and Protestants so therefore he found Protestants were more likely to commit suicide more frequently than Jews. Jews were more connected to their community because there religion included many rituals that would cause them as a group to be closer together. In other terms Protestants committed suicide more often because they lacked ritualization. Durkheim is a functionalist which means his theory is based on institutions in society and therefore this shows how everything in a society works together. Durkheim argued that there is nothing deviant or criminal in any act so therefore the key is how a society reacts and responds to the act. So if we put it in other words there is nothing criminal if we decide it is. Durkheim had many views but the main one was he believed that crime was not normal in any society it was also therefore beneficial...
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...can be defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain but not injury for the purposes of correction or control of a child's behaviour. It includes a wide variety of methods such as hitting, slapping, spanking, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, shoving, choking, use of various objects (wooden paddles, belts, sticks, pins, or others), painful body postures (as placing in closed spaces), use of electric shock and use of excessive exercise drills. These harsh disciplinary measures adopted by authoritarian teachers to discipline students’ lead to anti-social behaviour, contribute to academic failure and social rejection. These conditions further reduce self-esteem and create depressed mood, which in turn add to the likelihood of delinquency in adolescents (Patterson, 1982). However, this paper seeks to outline the negative effects of corporal punishment and positive disciplinary actions that can be used to deal with students’ misbehaviour. Negative effects of corporal punishment Inconsistent or overuse of punishment in harsh and unskilled ways can have very undesirable, dangerous and long lasting effects on the students’ who may develop negative personality traits such as disliking the punishing person, developing strong fears and anxieties, obstacles with learning, learning to escape and avoid people, places and things associated...
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...are many different forms of punishment such as deterrence that sanction the offender to prevent them to commit crimes. There are also many different aims of punishment such as protecting the interests of the ruling class and preventing the working class from rebelling, as foretold by Marxists. 2- Reduction. Say what it is and what it does, including giving examples… Also, say the three types of reduction, what they are and how they help/ effect Reduction is a sociological explanation for the punishment of offenders. They are carried out to prevent future crimes from occurring. There are three ways in which it can be carried out. Deterrence is punishing the individual to discourage them from future offending. “Making an example” of them may also serve as a deterrent to the public at large. An example of a punishment is Anti Social Behavioural Orders (ASBOs). These help deter others from offending because…. You publicly humiliate them to deter others to avoid the same kind of shame by society. However, this is not perceived the same by labelling theorists. They believe by giving punishments such as ASBOs, you are giving them a label which can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy as they would be mocked by society and can only turn to themselves and those in similar situations. Furthermore, Right Realists say…. Rehabilitation. This is the idea...
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...Jamahl Dunkle is an excerpt from the Critical Insights: The Bell Jar provides an interesting perspective on how the postwar society has a great effect on a woman’s sexuality and sexual behaviour. For example, women were much more encouraged to engage in intimate relationships and wanted to have children. Dunkle explains that “there is nothing psychotic about any of this, and most women who lived through the 1950s [...] attitudes toward virginity and that once freed from this-the virginity itself and her attitude toward it- a woman could be free” (Dunkle). This observation suggests that women felt a tie or a debt to men and the only way to be freed was through sex. This passage is significant as it will aid me though writing my essay because it adds new viewpoint while analysing the sexual affairs that occur throughout the novel. Additionally, by studying Plath and her literature it is evident that “there is [a] particularly stubborn, uncompromising mind of [Plath] represented in Esther’s psyche”(Dunkle). This is crucial to consider through the writing process because if there are biographical components shown through Esther, it will help me to better understand the author’s neurosis in addition to the character’s which will make for an interesting paper. Farland, Maria. "Sylvia Plath's Anti Psychiatry." Critical Insights: The Bell Jar (2002). n. page. Web. 27 Nov. 2013....
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