...Punishing anti-social behavior does not get to the root of the problem: social and economic inequality. Discuss. Since a few years, the press underscored that some behaviors were unpleasant and were characterized of anti-social. This means that laws and customs are exceed by rowdy youngsters in general. Many observations in the press show that it is a growing phenomenon which is a real problem for the country in which occurs. Nowadays the main solution is just to punish. That's why it is legitimate to ask if punishing those acts is the only way to solve this problem by it's root. Few solutions are mentioned but among all of them, one seems most effective, it consists in reducing economic and social inequalities. This essay is going to argue that the solution of this issue resides in the best balance of both elements. To start with, we have to define what does “anti-social behavior” mean. The main definition is that it is a catch-all term to describe neighborhood disturbing. In fact, it encompasses all behaviors that are against the law. A few people think that the solution of anti-social behavior is to find the rowdy youngsters who disturb the life of others and to punish them by putting them into a jail, or make them paid for what they did. Of course it is going to be effective in a way, because when you punish someone, no matter how, it discourages him to repeat what he did. Nevertheless in this case of anti-social behavior, it concerns so much people that it...
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...We Are Detrimentally Dependent on Technology October 13, 2010 Abstract Technology comes in many forms and no aspect of our lives is untouched by some form of technology or another. Technology is defined as “the practical application of science to commerce or industry”. Technological development into present day has been meteoric to say the least. With the advancements of nearly every aspect of human life having some tie with technology, one might start to see a synergistic relationship between humans and technology. However, while some would believe this relationship has been beneficial for us, we believe there have been detrimental effects from our growing dependence on technology. 1 Introduction No one can argue against the fact that the human race has made enormous bounds in advancements in the last century. From developments in technology which affect society, how we communicate, the field of medicine and education. Technology has not left any aspects of our lives untouched. There will be no shortage of people who would argue that the technological advancements of the 21st century have been beneficial to society. While beneficial, we believe that, as a society, we must realise the magnitude of our dependence on technology and the ramifications if it were to be taken away from us. This paper argues that humans have formed a detrimental symbiotic relationship with technology in its many forms. This paper will investigate the changes that technology has affected, and show that...
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...youth by a police officer. The child may then be sent off to a youth offending team to complete voluntary work also known as community service, this will help to teach the youth a lesson not to punish them. A final warning is given to a child who admits that they are wrong in the offence they have performed. The child must then be assessed by a series of activities to help see the causes of their offending. Anti-social measures ASBO’s (anti-social behaviour orders) and ABA’s (Acceptable behaviour agreements) are given out to help prevent anti-social behaviour from happening. An ASBO helps within the act of preventing an individual from committing the offence again, it can also stop the youth from being allowed to enter certain areas to help protect the community. An ASBO can be given to any child aged 10 years and over, its intention is not to punish the individual but it must be put in place to let them know of their wrong doings. An ABA is a written agreement which states that the person must agree to not act in a certain manner that will be classed as anti-social behaviour. It is an alternative to an ASBO and is put in place when the person issuing the ABA feels as if an ASBO isn’t suitable for the situation. Financial Penalties This involves the offender having to pay a certain amount of money to the court depending on how bad the offence is. If the individual committed murder giving them a financial penalty would not be suitable however for offences such as disrupting the...
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...to. (P2) Sentences and orders | Description the sentence or order | Type of offender | Youth sentences. | Sentences are designed to be supportive as well as a punishment and therefore vary in style for young people offenders. For example young offenders under the age of 18 are often given sentences designed to support them in turning their behaviour around which can include. * Child curfew scheme * Truancy orders If none of these work YOT will use other strategies as a pre-court measure these include. * Reprimand * Final waring | ASBO, assault | Financial penalties | Penalty where an offender is required to pay a certain amount of money to the court. | Drug Possession, Burglary | Antisocial behaviour measures | Anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) are intended to control the nuisance elements in a community to improve the quality of life for all of the other residents. These orders generally last for a minimum of two years and contain certain conditions which must be obeyed. ASBOs impose restrictions or conditions on someone, such as: * Retracing access to residential area * Not committing the same behaviour again * Not associating with certain people | Graffiti, noise pollution, littering | Community sentences | Which often require the offender to give certain number of hours to serving the community. This could be removing graffiti or helping landscape waste. | Damaging property, benefit fraud | Custodial sentences | This means spending...
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...Youth Justice http://yjj.sagepub.com/ Book Review: M Little and B Maughan, Effective Interventions for Children in Need, The Library of Essays in Child Welfare and Development, Ashgate, Burlington, VT, USA, 2010, £120 Hb, ISBN 978-0-74562-825-2 Declan Coogan Youth Justice 2011 11: 194 DOI: 10.1177/14732254110110020603 The online version of this article can be found at: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Youth Justice can be found at: Email Alerts: http://yjj.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://yjj.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jul 13, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from yjj.sagepub.com at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) on April 16, 2014 194 Youth Justice 11(2) alongside England and Wales and in so doing makes some invaluable comparisons and contrasts in light of the differing legal systems. Nonetheless, this does raise questions about the primacy accorded to the Scottish Sheriffs’ accounts in the second section of the book in light of the markedly different approach to ASBOs adopted in Scotland, especially where young people are concerned (pp. 121–125). The Sheriffs’ accounts clearly lend support to extant concerns about net-widening (cf. Squires and Stephen, 2005)...
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...Distinction | D1 - Evaluate the impact of one piece of crime and disorder legislation. | Scenario As part of your interest in the criminal behaviour you have successfully gained a placement at a local magistrate’s court. You have been asked to prepare some materials for an open day for members of the public. Task 1: You have been asked to produce an information leaflet outlining current crime and disorder legislation. In your leaflet you should consider relevant legislation such as: Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003, Crime and Disorder Act 1998, Police Reform Act 2002, Criminal Justice Act 2003, Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. This provides evidence for Unit 12 P1 Task 2: In order to expand on this you should analyse the impact of 2 pieces of legislation on individuals (offenders, victims and witnesses), communities and the relevant public service. This provides evidence for Unit 12 M1 Task 3: Finally you should evaluate one specific piece of legislation, whilst looking at the impact on all levels (including individual, society and organisational). Ensure you include a consideration of whether the legislation has had the desired effect. This provides evidence for Unit 12 D1 CONTENT Crime and disorder legislation: current criminal justice legislation covering crime and sentencing e.g. Antisocial Behaviour Act 2003, Crime and Disorder Act 1998, Police Reform Act 2002, Criminal Justice Act 2003 Impact of...
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...Providing a workplace that is safe and free from any form of harassment for all employees, visitors and personnel is a priority for Asda. Asda will not tolerate any form of bullying regardless of its type – where mental or physical. Workers are protected by this policy whether they feel bullied by employees, visitors and personnel. Asda expects all employees, visitors or personnel to behave in an appropriate manner that reflects Asda’s code of conduct. Asda Will not accept any conduct that is offensive, humiliating, embarrassing or intimidating to other members of staff or to people with whom contact is made in the cause of official duty. Every individual is personally responsible for their own behaviour and additionally management has a...
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...reduced by 50pc after it co-operated with the EC's investigation, with Unilever receiving a 25pc reduction after subsequently also co-operating. "Companies should be under no illusion that the commission will pursue its relentless fight against cartels, which extract higher prices from consumers than if companies compete fairly," said Joaquín Almunia, EC vice-president. A Unilever spokesman said no one had been fired as a consequence of the EC investigation but that a number of the staff involved had left in the interim. The EC said the cartel was formed after the three companies worked together to improve the environmental impact of their products. "The environmental objective, however, did not require them to co-ordinate prices or other anti-competitive practices. Henkel, Procter & Gamble and Unilever did this on their own initiative," the EC said. Unilever said it had since strengthened compliance procedures. The company, which had already made a provision against a possible fine, saw its share price rise 13p to...
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...WEEK 3 Research Paper The United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Do you think that such laws are effective? Competition Law I do believe that the competition law is effective because it helps businesses because it can protect the company’s position in the marketplace due to anticompetitive mergers and business practices. This enables markets to work more for the interest of the consumer and in return expand their profits. Businesses that practice unfairly, like offering discounts at a predatory level, abusing a position, unfair trading conditions or involving themselves in an anti-competitive behavior will face a fine based on their annual turnover. What they are doing is exposing themselves to damaging actions. In an open market you have aggressive competition by both the individuals and the businesses. The benefits of lower prices, high quality and greater innovation. So you need to be able to stay up to date with the laws policies. Some of the benefits of the competition law are for starters enables you to identify and new changes and opportunities and you business. Also helps you in return to make sure that you are complying with the latest rules. Some other benefits are trademark policies. One could be looking at infringement by unfair use of the rights the trademark is attached to. Trade defamation is another example as to how this law protects a business. This charge can either be civil or...
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...“Competition is central to the operation of markets, and fosters innovation, productivity and growth, all of which create wealth and reduce poverty.” Competition is vital to many markets, and thus their economy. When manufacturers compete, they illustrate competitive prices and are motivated to demonstrate innovation and produce a product of higher quality as well as opening opportunities for the creation of jobs and new products to the market. However, sometimes individuals create a cartel in order to manipulate the market and the consumers to benefit solely the producers-they are essentially the polar opposite of competition. Cartels arise when a group of firms, or producers, decide to work together so that they may regulate the supply of a good or service and drive up the price. This eliminates any competition between manufacturers as they enter upon an agreement with one another and cooperate in terms of setting prices and restricting output. The individual firms work together and act as one firm, behaving similarly to a monopolist. The graph below illustrates how a cartel lowers output to raise the price and create a profit: When the individuals in the cartel cooperate with one another and lower their quantity from Qc to Qo, the price rises from Pc to Po and the firms now reap the rewards of areas “1” and “3” as profit. In comparison, when there is no cartel and the firms are competitive with one another, the quantity will rise back to Qc, the price will lower to Pc, and...
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...BLAW Ch. 21: Consumer protection Deceptive advertising * Are you telling the truth? * Bait and Switch * A practice of advertising a product way below market value (good deal) no stock so they run out fast The Role of the FTC * Receive complaint * Issue cause and desist order * Order counter advertising Telemarketing * Telephone consumer protection act (enforced by FCC) * Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Act Sales * Unsolicited merchandise in mail * 3-day rule – 3 day cooling off period * You have 3 days to get your money from a door salesman back after you buy an item * A. Truth in lending: disclosure law. Finance charge and * B. Equal Credit Opportunity Act * Marital Status is now a protected group you can discriminate against in the extension of credit Credit Protection * Use of credit cards: an abundance of caution * Payment credited when received! * Liability for lost credit cards: $50 * Liability for lost ATM or Debit cards. Errors in billing. Fair Credit Reporting Act * Notification if denied credit or insurance on the basis of a credit report * On written request credit agency must Protection for debtors: The Fair Debt Collections Practices Act * This law place limits on what the professional debt collector can do when trying to collect money from you The Sherman Act of 1890: Two major parts * Sec. 1: restraint of trade * A. Per se violation ...
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...To answer the question of whether the networks’ (Visa and MasterCard) rules barring member banks from issuing cards on the rival networks were illegal restraints of trade under the Sherman Act, and in what way these rules harmed competition, we need to pay attention to several details. First, under Section 1 of the Sherman Act “every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraints of trade or commerce among the several States, or wit foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal and is felony punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment”. On one hand, Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discovery are the four major credit- and charge-card networks in the United States. This makes the credit card industry highly concentrated, meaning that a small number of firms control a large percentage of market sales. Although Visa and MasterCard are joint ventures and they bar member banks from issuing cards on rival networks, they still compete against each other. On top of that, Visa and MasterCard may argue that even though the rules that they established with member banks hurt their competitors (American Express and Discovery), it doesn’t necessarily harm competition. Amex and Discovery themselves issue cards to customers, thereby staying in the market. Also, the agreement can be considered a vertical restraint of trade. Vertical restraint is any restraint on the trade created by agreements between firms at different levels. While in case of...
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...combinations and conspiracy in restraint of trade. (DOJ, 1998) Essay Plan My motivation for choosing the abovementioned case comes from my interest in the financial services market, its regulations and their implications on consumers. This case is attention-grabbing, not solely due to the remedy, but also due to the implications it has on domestic and international markets. It also gives the opportunity to analyse the controversy of vertical exclusionary restraints (Whinston, 2006). When analysing the Visa-MasterCard case, there are two main ‘economic-schools-of-thought’ to be considered. Chicago School(CS) dismisses vertical exclusionary contracts as an anti-competitive tool. While, Post-Chicago School(PCS) offers an opposing explanation by suggesting different models to rationalise anti-competitive behaviour using vertical restrictions. Both schools build their models under the assumption of first-mover advantage and the monopoly power of an incumbent firm. (Motta, 2004) Using the CS in this case, we could assume that Visa and MasterCard are the combined incumbent on the market, due to their cooperative actions. The banks are the buyers and AmericanExpress is the potential new entrant. It could be assumed that AmericanExpress is a new entrant for the market of issuing cards through intermediaries, rather than through their own network, as it has previously done. As Visa and MasterCard offered the banks voting board member rights as an incentive to issue their cards...
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...Outline one or more explanations of media influence on pro-social behaviour and discuss research support Pro social behaviour is when the acts are intended to benefit others. This is usually seen in fundraising campaigns whereas anti social behaviour is usually seen on the news. The social learning theory explains this by learning through media as indirect reinforcement; the media portrays pro-social behaviour as if you see people helping charities then you become aroused to do the same. Hearold in 1987 completed a meta analysis of over 1000 studies seeing the effect of TV on behaviour. Overall he found pro-social to be more effective than anti-social in effecting people. This study is recognised due to the large amount of studies it used so can be generalised to a lot of different places around the world. However, making a conclusion from this many studies is difficult to operate. Another explanation of the media influence is exposure to the pro-social messages. Children watching TV are exposed to a large number of pro-social acts. An early content analysis of US broadcasting found that on average there were 11 altruistic acts and 6 sympathetic behaviours per programming (Skrafkin 1075). However these acts are frequently appeared in the context of anti-social behaviour. From this we can conclude that studies continue to demonstrate pro-social content on TV is clearly as evident as anti-social behaviour. Howard and Roberts 2002 studied toddlers from the age of 14 months watching...
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...Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 The Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 has one aim which is to make provision in connection with anti-social behaviour. The main provisions of The Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 are as followed: The first provision is to widen the use of antisocial behaviour orders, otherwise known as asbos. The second provision is to allow local authorities, registered social landlords and the British Transport police to apply for asbos. The third allows police and community support officers to issue dispersal orders to any group of two or more people. This can be used within a designated area, whose behaviour they believe is likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to members of the public. If anyone in the group start to or continue to refuse to leave or start returning to the area before the time of return that has been stated constitutes a criminal offence and can lead to be the suspects being arrested. The commencement is in force & it’s status is current legislation. Another provision is to grant police officers the power to order young people under the age of 16 to return home after 9pm. If this is breached, then it can lead to the suspect being arrested and possibly can be taken further if repeated to many times. The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 also creates on-the-spot fines for noise, graffiti and truancy commited by any person under the age of 18. This Act also creates closure orders. One of the closure orders is quickly nicknamed the crack...
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