...Motivational Methods Motivational Methods Even though not every method will work for all employees, Motivation methods help keep everyone moving towards a positive goal because when moral is at a high level, then the motivation level will be high as well and Incentives, and open communications help with motivation. Downsizing can take a toll on a department and manager. So to help keep the moral and motivation up will be a challenge. The manager would have to reinsure all staff members that the downsizing will not happen often. First step will have the motivational sprit start from the managers, and show more effort towards the staff members. The most important reason Motivation methods help keep everyone moving towards a positive goal is because when moral is at a high level, then the motivation level will be high as well. There are many methods to use in order to keep the motivation flowing without missing a beat. To start with a strong foundation is to full fill the basic needs of all the employees, such as great working hours, breaks in between hours, and making work fun while making sure work is getting done. “Lower-level needs include physiological, safety and social concerns, while higher-level needs include esteem and self-actualization concerns” (Lombardi, D. N., & Schermerhorn, J. R. (2007). The basic motivation process such as “the equity, expectancy, and goal-setting theories each offer advice and insight on how people actually...
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...should provide the best rehabilitation for people who are too young to bear criminal responsibility for their actions (US Dept. of Justice, 1974). The Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice has a set values statement, which determines the attitude to juveniles in criminal justice and respectful treatment provided by law enforcement officers to them. Juveniles in criminal justice are Virginia are treated as a specific group and have extended rights compared to adult offenders. Juveniles have their correctional centers and detention facilities, but the maximum sentence there cannot be too long because Virginia has not enough bed spaces to detain all juveniles who have problems with the law. The values of knowledge, respect and effective communication are realized in addressing juvenile cases in the court. Juvenile court is represented by Juvenile and Domestic Relations District courts in Virginia. However, there are certain cases when juvenile offenders can be tried in criminal court. According to Powers (2009), previously juvenile cases were heard in juvenile courts only. It was extremely difficult to transfer the case of juvenile offender (even the most violent) to the adult court. The latest US tendencies show that all states are trying to make the process of transfer easier. They apply several strategies to achieve this goal. First of all, lowering of the age of criminal responsibility allows them access to involved juveniles to adult...
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...Does Disciplinary Power enforce good or bad behaviour from students in York University Accommodation? Introduction When looking at Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, we looked at our own expectations compared with our actual experiences of living in university run accommodation. With most students coming to university, it is the first time that they will live on ‘their own’, without the rules and restrictions that they had when living at home with their parents, therefore a degree of freedom and independence was expected. However, we noticed that our actions were restricted by the rules imposed on us due to the acceptance of the university run accommodation. From our own experiences, we witnessed students displaying bad behavioural characteristics through resistance. This led our group to investigate the impact that the rules have on students’ behaviours and the universities use of disciplinary power to ‘control’ students’ behaviour. We also wanted to determine from the student’s perspective, the impact these controls had on their behaviour. Methodology There has been a lot of research conducted to study the behaviours of students and their resistance to authority, however they were not written in the students’ perspective. By investigating the behaviours of students from their perspective, it allows us to have a more accurate account of their experiences and the impact that the university’s restrictions has on them. It also enables us to determine why students either...
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...carries 5 marks each. Part one: Multiple choices: 1. It is the degree to which a person identifies with a particular organization and its goals, & wishes to maintain membership in the organization a. Job involvement b. Terminal value c. Attitude d. Value a. Job involvement 2. _________ means moving information from the hidden area to the open area a. blind area b. unknown area c. public area d. self disclosure d. self disclosure 3. An approach in which the goals of one party are in direct conflict with the goals of the other party a. Negotiation b. Distributive bargaining c. Stress d. None Ans. Negotiations 4. The measure of a person’s ability to operate within business organizations through social communication & interactions a. Transactional analysis b. Interpersonal skill c. Life position d. Johari window Ans. b. interpersonal skill 5. Where the source of power is in person’s control over rewarding outcomes, that power is called a. Coercive power b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Reward power Ans. d. Reward power Examination Paper Semester I: Organizational Behaviour IIBM Institute of Business Management 6. It means melting resistance to change; the people who will be affected by the change come to accept the need for it a. Organization b. Unfreezing c. Changing d. Refreezing Ans. b. Unfreezing 7. This training is also known as laboratory training, encounter groups & T-groups a. Sensitivity...
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...Although the 19th century literally was the rebirth of the prison system it essentially was still corrupt, or so they thought. In the year 1799 the penitentiary act was made. Basically, it made a law that the prisons were built to mostly hold one inmate per cell and they would operate on continuous labor, which specifically is quite significant. There actually was a system that generally was made in Pennsylvania and the Eastern state penitentiary in Philadelphia, it for all intents and purposes was said that all of the prisoners should remain isolated from each other, sort of contrary to popular belief. There was to be no communication from the prisoners in a subtle way. Prisoners were treated wrong for their doings and would basically often...
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...1. From the Portman Hotel case study, there were many fundamental attribution errors made by groups or type of people. A few of them are • Firing PVs in the first month by the Management due to their low turnover (16%) • PVs complaint about porters, who were slow to respond to their requests to carry guest bags to and from the room • Supervisors complaint about floaters being responsible for team lost loyalty. • PVs blaming on Scott for continual lack of organization and for his poor planning. etc In all the above examples, the blame is on different groups of people or on the management instead of the structure of the Portman Hotel System, which is the 5-star team plan. The Management thought it was PV’s fault for low turnover and fired some PV’s. Even in the extreme condition, let us assume that some PV’s neither worked nor followed Hotel Mission of being showing high level of ultimate service to customers. Even in that case, the question would be what caused the Management to hire such person? This would lead defect in the system that allowed the wrong person to be hired. So in either of the case, the individuals are blamed rather than the system, leading to fundamental attribution error. If this error had not been made, then the results would have been different in many ways and the reason for such results is as it would create a strong bond between employees and Management as a single family of Portman Hotel. • Firstly, the PV’s...
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...IIBM Institute of Business Management Subject Code-B-103 Financial Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) ================================================================================= Part one: Multiple choices: 1. a. Job involvement 2. d. self disclosure 3. b. Distributive bargaining 4. b. Interpersonal skill 5. d. Reward power 6. b. Unfreezing 7. a. Sensitivity 8. c. Artifacts 9. b. The Pre-arrival stage 10. d. Leadership style ================================================================================= Part Two: ================================================================================= 1. Informal groups. A group that evolves out of the formal organization but is not formed by management or shown in the organization's structure. An organization’s informal groups are groups that evolve to meet social or affiliation needs by bringing people together based on shared interests or friendship. Thus, informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Many factors explain why people are attracted to one another. One explanation is simply proximity; when people work near one another every day, they are likely to form friendships. That likelihood is even greater when people also share similar attitudes, personalities, or economic status. A group consist...
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...reasons such as the three strike law, the economy, and the war on drugs. We are going to glance at these reasons and the problems that raise concern for overcrowded prisons. The three strike law that many states have adopted affects the prison population, giving repetitive offenders mandatory minimum sentences of 25 years to life for the third conviction of a felony offense. The three strike law that holds this harsh penalty will continue to cause prison overcrowding in years to come. There are some states prisons are operating at almost twice their designed capacity rate. The belief behind the law was that getting career criminals off the streets was good public policy, but many in many cases we may argue that this is cruel and unusual punishment. The downward spiral of the economy also affects the prison population. There are limited jobs to people in society, especially to people that have been convicted with serious crimes. People that have been incarcerated for various offences and they have re-entered back into society that is economically suffering end up in the judicial system again and again due to the lack of employment. Many of the parolees that have been re-incarcerated for minor violations also have contributed to prison overcrowding. Parolees re-enter into society with a criminal record which makes it that more difficult to find a legitimate job. If...
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...The importance of any correctional facility’s physical plant to the fulfillment of particular objectives has been long recognized. Historically, correctional facilities have been the architectural expression of competing philosophies of incarceration of the time. In the 18th century, when incarceration was instituted as the primary form of punishment in western societies, the prison itself became the means of punishment. As the prevailing punishment method, early purpose-built correctional design reflected punitive patterns reproducing ideals of enforced solitude and intimidation. Prison reform movements at the end of the century and beginning of the 19th century were also followed by reform-oriented design concepts, with the “separate and silent systems” (Pennsylvania and Auburn models respectively), being two of the first architectural manifestations in which the design of the prison building and the availability of space became a factor impacting the reformative potential of the offenders through isolation and labor, therefore including separate cells and larger spatial configurations where prisoners could work together. Although today’s goals of incarceration have little in common with those of centuries ago, with few exceptions, the architecture of incarceration has remained largely standardized...
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...Darrell L. Rogers August 31, 2011 UNV-303 University Success Professor Kristen Dicarlo Having children comes as natural as eating; being a good parent comes only with a little work and effort. So many times in our society we see examples of bad parenting. No child is born with a how to manual and this is why the whole family needs to be involved in the child’s life. There use to be an old saying “It takes a community to raise a child”, but to many times it is the community that has became the most dangerous to the child. Doing my research for this paper I have found numerous resources available to parents to help them along the way. This paper will look at good parenting techniques using “The Top Ten Parenting Tips” by DR Kevin Ryan. I will discuss all ten tips from DR. Ryan and either argues for or against each tip. I choose DR Ryan’s ten tips because of all the information out there I found his to be the closet to what I consider to be a good parent, although I do not agree completely with him. “Put parenting first. This is hard to do in a world with so many competing demands. Good parents consciously plan and devote time to parenting. They make developing their children’s character their top priority” (DR Kevin Ryan). I agree with DR Ryan good parents make their kids a priority in their life. I do not agree that it is hard to do. It is very easy if you use DR Ryan’s second step and you truly enjoy spending time with your child, you will find...
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...1. Celebrity Justice Lindsay Lohan, Nicole Ritchie, Paris Hilton, Tiger Woods, Nicholas Cage - the list of celebrities who have been arrested or charged with a crime is a long one. Drug possession, lying to investigators, driving while intoxicated, shoplifting - the list of offenses is also a long one. When arrested, are celebrities held to the same standards of justice as the rest of us, or do they receive special treatment in the legal system? If convicted how, do their sentences compare to those of a majority of those in our justice system? In this paper, I argue that celebrity status does give a defendant a number of major advantages, the most important being that they can hire the kind of legal representation that the average person could never afford. Where most people arrested for DWI, drug possession, public indecency or shoplifting have to use a public defender, go into debt to hire a lawyer or accept whatever deal prosecutors offer, rich people can afford the best defense that money can buy. Their careers may even benefit from the publicity surrounding their cases. The difference is not just because of their celebrity status, but also because celebrities have wealth. In many ways celebrities get special treatment by police, prosecutors and judges. While young rappers or sex stars may have their careers enhanced by publicity, others 2. have been able to use their star status to keep proceedings and the terms of settlements private or to escape jail...
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...given to the moulders and as a result the other employees were not as focused on customer service as expected. Another main problem of the work place was how the employees did not charge all customers for the damaged equipment because of how poorly maintained the records were. The main problems are equal between the personality and characteristics of the work environment. The employees slack off and do not help their customers to what is expected, and are very talkative between each other. This may be because they do not receive merit pay; therefore they do not work as hard as they should. That is a characteristic of the workplace. Another characteristic is that the ski orders are often delivered two days late due to the lack of communication between the employees and the moulders. The personality problem is equal to the characteristics of the work environment because the employees have a poor watch for damaged ski equipment, and do not charge the customers for it. As a result, the owners lose money. 2. The owners should maintain hiring knowledgeable employees, but should increase on the rules implemented, which will result in fewer conversations with each other and more with the customers. The owners should increase on punishing their employees who do not follow the new rules, and reward the ones who do. As well as maintain responding to the customer comments. Employees who continue to not meet the expectations should be fired, therefore may reduce the amount of people...
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...prison from 2015 to 2016 (Ministry of Justice, 2017), suggesting that the prison environment causes harm to inmates, and it is not just individuals with pre-existing mental health issues that are struggling. Sykes (1958) highlights the deprivation experienced by individuals in prison that cause the pains of imprisonment and can affect the mental health of inmates. The first is the deprivation of liberty. Inmates face loss of liberty as a form of punishment and to protect those in society from their criminal behaviour {find reference}. Yet, prisoners face double loss of liberty according to Sykes, they are confined to the prison as well as confined within the prison. He recognises that within prisons, individuals’ movements are restricted, they are cut off from friends and family and face isolation. Birmingham (2003) suggests that although prisoners may lead an institutional life behind bars, the outside world still has an effect on their wellbeing, with prisoners worrying about family. Being isolated from everyday communication with friends and family while in prison is common but can have serious effects on prisoners' mental health. As a way of dealing with isolation in the general population, Your Mental Health (2017) suggests staying connected with the community you are in and to find activities where you can meet people with similar interests. Yet in prison, especially in high security prisons and with those in solitary confinement, this is not an option. Haney (2003)...
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...1. Critically analyse the role of operant learning in explaining consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the process, in which focuses on the way how individuals or groups make decisions in order to satisfy their needs and desires, included search, purchase, evaluate and disposal of products or services (Solomon, 2011). Moreover, operant learning (or instrumental learning) is presented by Skinner (1953), based on Thorndlike’s law of effect which emphasises that a pleasant outcome tends to encourage the repetitive responses in that similar situation again and vice versa. Whereas the involuntary and simple responses are elicited in classical conditioning, Skinner’s theory is useful to explain complex and conscious consumer behaviours because of consequences happening after the behaviour. Therefore, this paper is going to examine the role of operant learning in the produce of purchasing behaviour in case of contingences reinforcement. The role of positive reinforcement in operant learning can clarify the habitual purchasing consumer behaviour. As acknowledged, operant behaviour is influenced by the outcome of the behaviour itself. It is indicated that satisfaction is formed as hedonic reinforcement as a result of utilitarian consequence of buying and consuming economic goods (DiClemente and Hantula, 2003; Foxall). It means that consumers learn from the previous involvement with the product which creates the satisfaction. Thus, customers tend to perceive the feeling of contentment...
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...Running Head: COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT APPROACH Community Reinforcement Approach Health Data by Sabrina Morton A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Health Care Policy and Applied Economics The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a comprehensive behavioral program developed by behaviorists Nathan Azrin and George Hunt. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), originally developed for individuals with alcohol use disorders, focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas for treating substance-abuse problems. It is based on the belief that environmental contingencies can play a powerful role in encouraging or discouraging substance abuse. To provide an alcoholic with the incentive to quit drinking, CRA has the following two major goals: (1) Elimination of positive reinforcement for drinking; and (2) Enhancement of positive reinforcement for sobriety. Accordingly, it utilizes social, recreational, familial, and vocational reinforcers to support change in an individual's drinking or drug using behaviors and assist consumers in the recovery process. The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) focuses on the management of substance-related behaviors and other disrupted life areas. In essence, the goal of CRA is to help individuals obtain knowledge of and embrace a meaningful and healthy way of life that is more rewarding than one filled with alcohol or drug misuse. This comprehensive...
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