...Running head: QUANITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT Quantitative Research Report M. Ellen Kingsley Grand Canyon University NRS-433V May 06, 2011 The Quantitative Research that this student chose is titled; Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Chronically Ill Adults. Physical activity in chronically ill adults is a topic that is very important to study, people, in general, do not realize the importance of exercise and if there is proof that exercise is beneficial to people with long term illnesses then maybe, by nurses, the patients can be persuaded to be involved in more exercise which would improve their health and quality of life, including improving their illnesses without more medications. Nurses provide a lot of client education and also promote health in all of their clients and can improve the health and well-being of their clients that they serve. The main research question in this article is not stated outright. This author believes that the research question would be; what are the health benefits of physical activity in chronically ill adults? Also another question could be added; which strategies and practices are most effective in increasing physical activity in chronic illness. The hypothesis of this study was not stated. This author interprets the hypothesis would be; Physical activity in chronically ill adults will improve health and wellness to these clients. This article discussed the implications of findings that describe the strategies...
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...Introduction. A good research hugely relies on effective means of conducting the research (Pearson, Barr, Kamil, & Mosentha, 2011). This is attributed to the sources used to collect the data from. There are various ways for which are used for data collection. They include; primary, secondary, qualitative and quantitative. Effective research problem involves various stages; * Preparation * Selecting the research methods * Collecting the data and information * Compiling the research findings to get the results Body: Preparation The person conducting a research should first identify the problem which the research will be based on. The problem should not be broad, this is known as identifying the scope of the research. This will enable someone to familiarize him/herself to the topic of study and be able to create concrete ideas that will enable him do a good research. At this stage, the researcher is supposed to make important decisions on factors such as; the objectives, purpose of the research should be looked into. Also the researcher should make familiarize himself with the research problem by reading available literature on the problem (Scruggs & Mastropieri, 2006). The strategy on how the research will be conducted, this includes the methods to be used in data collection, tools to be used in data analysis. Also the researcher is expected to develop a timetable with the research activities to be carried out, the research her will also source for...
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...DEVELOPING RESEARCH JOURNAL ARTICLES (IMRAD FORMAT) Quantitative Research Report typically follows the IMRAD format I Introduction M Method R Results A And D Discussion QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | Introduction – Quantitative Reports * Summarizing existing literature * Describe research problem * Present conceptual framework * State research questions or hypothesisMethod Section Quantitative reports * Describe research design * Explain intervention (if any) * Describe sample and setting * Present Data collection instruments * Explain procedures * Describe data analysis methodsResults Section Quantitative reports * Present descriptive statistics then differential statistics * Order results in terms of their overall importance * If research questions/hypotheses were numbered in the introduction, present results in same sequence * Reporting statistical Test results * Name of statistical test (e.g. t-test) * Value of calculated statistics (e.g. 2.21) * Degree of freedom (e.g. df = 99) * Significance level (eg. P < .05)Discussion Section Quantitative Results * What are the main findings and what do they mean? * What evidence supports the validity of the interpretations? * What limitations might threaten validity? * How do results compare with prior knowledge on the topic? * What can be concluded about use of the findings in nursing practice, nursing education and future nursing research? | Qualitative...
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...specific research methods commonly used. Social anthropology is considered the holistic study of humanity. This field promotes culture as a scientific concept. Anthropologists use the study of social anthropology as the means of studying how culture affects how people adapt to their environment in non-genetic ways. In both sociology and cultural anthropology there are 2 large categories of research. Quantitative research is quantifiable, meaning measureable, and is collected by analysis. The collection must be able to be counted or mathematically calculated. In general, the idea of doing quantitative research is to be able to apply statistics to large populations of people. On the other hand, qualitative research involves interviewing or observing people. It helps us understand the “experience, meaning of life worlds, the essences of experience, the attentive practice of thoughtfulness, and caring attunements is extended” (Munhall, 1989). Qualitative research is able to be present with not only social research but experimental, linguistic, and cultural context research. It helps us study the human experience. Subcategories of these research methods will be discussed in comparison to sociology and cultural anthropology. When researching a hypothesis there is a research approach catered to each research project. The research process itself involves “defining the problem, reviewing previous research on the topic, developing one or more hypotheses, determining the research design...
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...UNIVERSITY OF WEST LONDON UNIVERSITY OF WEST LONDON LONDON SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM LONDON SCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MODULE TITLE: SALES AND MARKETING FOR TOURISM, HOSPITALITY & LEISURE MODULE CODE TH50040E SUBMITTED TO: ERIC OHALLERAN SUBMITTED BY: RUPANDEEP KAUR STUDENT ID 21093387 Under the marketing research, customers and their needs and wants are main foci because marketing is all about individuals involving in it and is exchange process. It is social phenomenon that creates awareness among the customers about the products and services according to the needs and wants of customers (Kotler, 1995). The main motive of marketing research is to approach large number of customers and this can be achieved by satisfying their needs and wants. Marketing- an exchange process SALES AND PRODUCTS Seller Manufacturer Producer Seller Manufacturer Producer Customer Buyer Consumer Customer Buyer Consumer PAYMENTS Customer is that individual who has ability to buy and consume the goods and services. A customer is someone who gives something valuable to the company in the monetary form in return for something he gets from the company in form of goods (Blythe, 2008). Customers can be of two types; internal as well as external. An internal customer is someone who gets value from the company (Salary, payment etc.) and gives valuable service in return...
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...Vietnam National University -HCMC International University School of Business Qualitative vs. Quantitative methods – Lê Hoàng Dũng, PhD DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH Exploratory Descriptive - Undertaken when few or no previous studies exist - Aim: to look for patterns, hypotheses or ideas that can be tested and will form the basis for further research - Typical techniques: observation case studies & reviews of previous related studies & data. - Used to identify and classify the elements or characteristics of the subject, - E.g. number of days lost because of industrial action. - Typical techniques: quantitative (used to collect, analyze & summarize data) Analytical Predictive - Often extends the descriptive approach to suggest or explain why or how sth. is happening - Aim: to speculate intelligently on future possibilities, based on close analysis of available evidence of cause & effect - E.g. predicting when and where future industrial action might take place - E.g. underlying causes of industrial action. - Important Feature: locate and identify the different factors (or variables) involved 10/8/2014 LHD-BRM-S6 2 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Nature: exploratory used when we don’t know what to expect, to define the problem or develop an approach to the problem. used to go deeper into issues of interest and explore nuances related to the problem at hand seeks to determine the causes of human behaviors E.g. • life choices which result in shortened...
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...the five major types of data collection in geography? What are some of the ways geographers and others have made a distinction between quantitative and qualitative methods, and how do they relate to scientific and humanistic approaches in geography? I n the previous chapter, we explained that the empirical part of scientific research involves systematically observing cases in order to record measurements of variables that reflect properties of those cases. Researchers analyze the resulting set of data (usually numbers) graphically, verbally, and mathematically in order to learn something about the properties of the cases. Data collection efforts do not generally go on continuously but are grouped into periods of activity focused on particular research issues or questions. Such a focused period of data collection and analysis is a study (in Chapter 7, we learn that there are two major categories of scientific studies, experimental and nonexperimental). In this chapter, we introduce some basic characteristics of data collection in geography, including the distinction between primary and secondary data sources, the five major types of data collection, and the distinction between quantitative and qualitative methods. 35 03-Montello-4862.qxd 1/30/2006 12:17 PM Page 36 36——AN INTRODUCTION TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS IN GEOGRAPHY Primary and Secondary Data Sources One way to characterize data in geography concerns whether they were collected ...
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...Qualitative and Quantitative Abstract Quantitative and qualitative research designs have many different points that lead them down different paths to achieve results. In this paper an argument will be presented to show a few of the differences among these designs. First the goal of investigation for both qualitative and quantitative research will be explained to give understanding of what the researcher hopes to find out. Then the data collection will be analyzed and compared to show the difference in results. Finally the focus the research of both designs will explain why they are effective and their downfalls in certain situations. Introduction Qualitative and qualitative research designs are respectably different in comparison along with the type of results found. Although qualitative research is rooted in the social sciences it is “research conducted in a natural setting that seeks to understand a complex human behavior by developing a complete narrative description of that behavior” (Davis & Smith, 2010, pp.50). Quantitative research on the other hand “is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population” (Hopkins, W. G, 2008, pp.1). This paper will analyze the goal of the investigation, data collection, and focus of research on both qualitative and quantitative designs. These three issues concerning both research designs will be defined, compared...
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...Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods In Environmental Accounting Research Evangeline Elijido-Ten Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology Address for correspondence: Faculty of Business and Enterprise Swinburne University of Technology John Street, Hawthorn Victoria, Australia 3122 Phone: +61 3 9214 4471 Fax: +61 3 9819 2117 E-mail: eelijidoten@swin.edu.au 1 Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods In Environmental Accounting Research Abstract Purpose: To explore how the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods can enhance a study on the environmental reporting decisions made by Malaysian companies using the emergent stakeholder theory. Methodology/approach: The paper provides an illustration of how the descriptive, exploratory and explanatory type of research is entrenched with the objectives of the research and how the combination of quantitative (statistical regression and weighting/mean ranking) and qualitative (archival analysis, qualitative interviews) methods may enhance accounting research not only from results that corroborate. Findings: The three-fold objective of this study, corresponding to its three phases, illustrates that combining qualitative and quantitative methods involves considerations at each phase of the investigation. The research design shows that when the researcher work with different types of data within the same project, the way data is used varies according...
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...Quality in Quantitative Studies Total points 40 1. Is there congruence between the research variables as conceptualized (i.e., as discussed in the introduction of the report) and as operationalized (i.e., as described in the method section)? (4 points) Yes, there is congruence between the research variables in the introduction of the report and the method section. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship of individual, unit, and hospital variables to workplace bullying in Japan among hospital nurses. The researchers’ used the 23-item revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) to measure bullying, which was described in the introduction...
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...Methodologies Compare and contrast between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. How would you apply each type of research methodology at work? Qualitative research methodology is conducted on site or location of the study where the data are collected, with the research as the key instrument. Instead of numbers, words and pictures such as transcripts of in-depth interviews, field notes, photographs, tapes, memos, personal documents, and other official records are used to collect data. The process from beginning to end or history is more important in this type of method than the outcome of what happened. Information or data collected are not to be approved or disapproved by hypothesis, but are gathered then separated into groups for further evaluation. Why people do the things they do is very important to researchers in the qualitative method, they are concerned with how different people/culture live their lives and make sense of them by looking for common ground. Quantitative research methodology on the other hand, is conducted to ensure objectivity, generalizability and reliability, by testing, retesting and post testing subjects of the study for effectiveness. It relies mostly on numbers, counts, measures, operational values, quantifiable coding, quantitative data and statistical data. Its’ audience is much broader and generalized than that of the qualitative method and investigators would usually go into a study with predetermined questions; methods...
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...opened; this centre focuses on Automotive and the vocational Construction trades. A Colleges survival is dictated by student numbers which in turn links into funding, however a successful College will have quality teaching staff that have appropriate teaching qualifications as well as vocational experience. The Learning and Skills Development Agency (2005) published a research project centred on Recruitment and Retention of individuals with industrial experience. The paper speaks of good practice in retention such as professional development e.g. teaching qualifications, teaching pay initiatives, enhancing pay and flexible working. The aim of this report is to: establish why, after implementing the best practice cited in the LDSA report- Strebler et al (2005), is Somerset College unable to retain lecturers in Construction? A secondary aim is to also prove the hypotheses that Construction Lecturers are leaving the teaching profession to go back into the trade because the earning potential per day is vastly higher. The objectives of the paper will be to explore: ∙ Data sets extracted from employee exit reports from 2008 to the present day to identify and explain reasons for leaving. ∙ Data sets extracted from the Construction Industry detailing from the same period trends in the industry in relation to starters...
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...Six Different Types of Business Research to find Your Leads Decision-making is a crucial aspect of any business venture. A business owner can make firmdecisions and stand by them, only when he is well aware of the surroundings of his marketplace.Along with the internal factors about your business, you also need to have completeunderstanding about the external factors affecting your products, services and overall business.Business research comes forward as the best solution to this dilemma. Business or industryanalysis is the systematic process of gathering all the relevant market data, which is thenorganized and analyzed to draw conclusions that are relevant to your industry. These reportscontain essential information about the market trends, segments, customer groups, demands,competitors and all the key players in the marketplace. Basic Types of Market Research for Your Business Various business researchcompanies use different types of tools, techniques and methods for marketing analysis. These methods and types vastly depend on the particular requirements of the business owners and their research project. However, following are the basic types of industryanalysis that are commonly used by various study firms across the globe: Quantitative Analysis : This method deals with collecting all the objective and numericaldata from various resources. Various statistical models and formulas help the experts tocollect market data about the features. Questionnaire is the basic...
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...QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS This chapter introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative research methods, beginning with a definition of qualitative of research, followed by discussion on the evolution of qualitative research methods and how it is different from quantitative research methods. Also discussed is the importance of ethical considerations when doing qualitative research. Just like all research, qualitative research is a type of research that seeks answers to a question; is systematically conducted and involves the collection of evidence. However, the uniqueness of qualitative research is that you may produce findings that were not determined in advance and also the findings may be applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study. It is especially effective if you want to obtain culturally specific information about the subjects involved; i.e. the values, behaviours, and opinions of a particular population. However, the term qualitative research is a general definition that includes many different methods used in understanding and explaining social phenomena. The following are some definitions by prominent scholars in the field: • According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994), qualitative research focuses on interpretation of phenomena in their natural settings to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to these settings. Qualitative research involves collecting information about personal...
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...undesirable behaviour. The tendency poses a serious problem when conducting research with self-reports especially questionnaires. Topics where social desirability bias is of special concern are self-reports of abilities, like personality, sexual behaviour and drug use, just to mention a few. For example, when confronted with the question, “ How often do you masterbate? Respondents may be pressured by the societal taboo against masturbation, and either under-report, the frequency or avoid answering the question, therefore the means of masturbation derived from self report survey are likely to be severe underestimates. Social desirability bias is one of the most common sources of bias affecting the validity of experimental and survey research findings. From a self-presentational perspective, social desirability can be regarded as a resultant of two separate factors which are self-deception and other deception. Two main modes of coping with social desirability bias are distinguished. The first mode comprises two methods aimed at the detection and measurement of social desirability. A second category comprises of seven methods to prevent or reduce social desirability bias, including the use of forced choice items, the randomized response technique, the bogus pipeline, self-administration of the questionnaire, the selection of the interviews and the use of proxy subjects, Belli et al (1999). QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE: These are numerically in form. Therefore arithmetic operations can...
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