...A Guide to Tags and Tagging Modern websites and blogs often provide a feature called a 'Tag Cloud'. It contains a series of words that are common across the site and sized according to how many times they are used. Larger words are more common, smaller ones less so. When people initially start tagging they tend to use the wrong words and overuse the tags system to relate items together. This leads to a tag cloud that isn't as useful as it could be. What are Tags used for? Tags are used to highlight items and references across all types of content on a site. If I have a page that talks about bananas and an event about bananas, I would tag them as 'Fruit'. You may think that 'Banana' would be the right tag but that will be very unlikely to appear in the cloud unless you're a banana wholesaler. When a user comes across an item about bananas they may wish to see what other fruit items you have on your site. The tags will let them instantly find fruit related material without having to search for Apple, Orange, Strawberry etc. A tag should loosely relate to the subject matter so you can relate items that have a similar theme. Tags should allow a user to hit a page and follow that pages theme to your other content (Keeping them on your site). Sometimes you may wish to use more specific tags and this is fine if you have many items with that tag. If you're site covers growing fruit and vegetables you probably have enough to content on 'greenhouses' or 'compost' to make...
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...Weighted Tag Similarity Measure Based on a Collaborative Weight Model G.R.J.Srinivas Search and Information Extraction Lab, IIIT Hyderabad, ∗ Niket Tandon † Vasudeva Varma Search and Information Extraction Lab, IIIT Hyderabad, India Max Planck Institute, Germany ntandon@mpi-inf.mpg.de srinivasg@research.iiit.ac.in India vv@iiit.ac.in ABSTRACT The problem of measuring semantic relatedness between social tags remains largely open. Given the structure of social bookmarking systems, similarity measures need to be addressed from a social bookmarking systems perspective. We address the fundamental problem of weight model for tags over which every similarity measure is based. We propose a weight model for tagging systems that considers the user dimension unlike existing measures based on tag frequency. Visual analysis of tag clouds depicts that the proposed model provides intuitively better scores for weights than tag frequency. We also propose weighted similarity model that is conceptually different from the contemporary frequency based similarity measures. Based on the weighted similarity model, we present weighted variations of several existing measures like Dice and Cosine similarity measures. We evaluate the proposed similarity model using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, with WordNet as the gold standard. Our method achieves 20% improvement over the traditional similarity measures like dice and cosine similarity and also over the most recent tag similarity...
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...visual features are defined for the complete image whereas locally are defined for various regions of a single image. Semantic content is obtained either by textual annotation or by complex inference procedures based on visual contents. Context link information is available in form of links between multimedia objects and context objects .These context objects are the objects which are provided by the users directly or indirectly. These context objects are the tagged data with each image as in flickr or that may be title data or caption data. In flickr, each image is tagged with some proper data by the uploader of that particular image or by some user who is authorized by the uploader of that image. Other examples of tags are tagging URLs on delicious, Hash tag on twitter, tagging photos on social media sites like Facebook and Orkut and tagging various news and reviews on different...
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...started to enter the Indian market. In 1999, the new import and export policy relaxed the hitherto stiff upper bar on imports of luxury watches and more brands started to enter the market. Due to the global economic recession in 2008-2009 the overall production of wrist watches declined around the world, however, there was an increased demand and sales growth for luxury and premium watches in the Indian market. There was an increasingly high demand for luxury watches in India starting eighties. Luxury watches were bought for their symbolic significance and experiential benefits. It was basically attributed to the major lifestyle changes. The other brands having high demand in luxury segment in Indian market were Tissot, Rado, Omega, Tag Heuer and Longines. Xylys is a premium Swiss brand housed by Titan in India. At the launch of the Xylys brand in 2006, the management of Titan Industries created a unique brand perception for Xylys in the consumer market. The brand employed it with style and attitude and was directed towards both men and women who were conscious of their image projection. The aim of the brand was to inculcate in them a sense of pride with the ownership of the premium Xylys brand. ANALYSIS The commonly used basis for segmenting the consumer market for watches is technology, benefit sought and price. This segmentation basis, although widely used, doesn’t give a clear picture...
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...TITAN INDUSTRIES Promoted in the mid-Eighties by the Tata Group and Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation Limited (TIDCO), Titan Industries is a unique instance of how ideas can be taken from scratch and transformed into winning brands that generate value, create entire market spaces and then consistently dominate these spaces Business divisions- Time product division Jewellery divison Eyewear Precision engineering Even as the Indian economy encountered a challenging 2011-12, the Company recorded its best-ever performance. In 2011-12, the Company’s sales income grew by 36.5% to Rs. 8,970.86 crores compared with Rs. 6,570.86 crores in the previous year. Creditably, the percentage growth of our bottom lines was higher: profit before tax grew by 40% to Rs. 838.44 crores, while net profit grew by 39.4% to Rs. 600.16 crores. Even though the Indian economy grew slower in 2011-12, Titan Industries Limited reported a stronger growth on account of a deep understanding of consumer preferences, product differentiation, new product launches and professional brand management INDIAN WATCHES MARKET Only 27% of all Indians own a watch. This statistic demonstrates the significant potential for growth, particularly as Indians become more affluent and style-conscious. The Indian watches market is estimated at around 53 million units in 2011, valued at approximately Rs. 4,500 cr. The market grew by about 14% in 2011. The catalysts...
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...wholly or in part, been submitted for any degrees to another universities or institutions Signature:…………………………… Date : August, 2007 Abstract This paper focuses on English and Vietnamese negative questions in term of structures and word using. The author wishes only to concentrate on four types of negative questions: negative Yes/ No question, negative Tag- question, negative Wh- question, negative alternative question. The thesis is divided into three parts, the main content is presented in part two. The similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese negative questions have been analysed and pointed out. With an ambition to help teachers and learners have a clear understanding about the English and Vietnamese negative questions, the author also drawn out a survey questionnaire to find out the common mistakes made by Vietnamese students. And then the author has managed to suggest some ways to correct common those mistakes. Suggested exercises are also offered to help learners to practice and avoid committing mistakes. The thesis mainly focuses on the structures of four types of negative questions in English and Vietnamese, the negative words that are used in negative questions are also considered. However, the pragmatic and semantic features have been initially investigated; a deeper approach to the pragmatic and semantic feature is suggested for further study. Acknowledgements Writing...
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...Examination Paper of Business Communication IIBM Ipstitute of Business Management Examination Subject Paper & Short Questions (30 marks) MM.100 Code-B-109 Business Communication Section A: Objective Type . o o This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry I mark each & Part Two questions earry 4 marks each. Part one: Multiple choice: 1. s an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information I b. Communication c. Power d. Nqne of the above 2. Physiological a. b. c. d. Barriers of listening are: Hearing impairment Physical conditions Prejudices All of the . above . , 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b, Oral c. Both'a' and'b' d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sinceiity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard I 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everyhing in the office runs efficiently b. Furnifure and other equipment in the oflice is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper of Business Communication 6. Labov's Storytelling Model based on: Communication through sPeeoh tr,anguage leaming Group Discussions None of the above a. b. c. d. 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers c....
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...Examination Paper of Business Communication IIBM Institute of Business Management Subject Code-B-109 Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of Multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choice: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management 1 Examination Paper of Business Communication 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers...
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...Examination Paper : Semester II IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Business Communication Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. MM.100 Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral c. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of the above 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: a. Sincerity b. Positive language c. Persuasion d. Ethical standard 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: a. Everything in the office runs efficiently b. Furniture and other equipment in the office is adequate c. Processing all the incoming official mail and responding to some d. All of the above IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper : Semester II 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech b. Language learning c. Group Discussions d. None of the above 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: a. Communication across boundaries b. Communication between the CEO and the managers...
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...Open Access: Full open access to this and thousands of other papers at http://www.la-press.com. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Computational Identification of MicroRNAs from the Expressed Sequence Tags of Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Tamarense Dahai Gao1, limei Qiu1, Zhanhui Hou1, Qingchun Zhang2, Jianmin Wu3, Qiang Gao1 and linsheng song1 1 Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China. 2Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China. 3Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China. AbstrAct: Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) represent a class of small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in multiple biological processes by degrading targeted mRNAs or by repressing mRNA translation. In the case of algal lineages, especially dinoflagellates, knowledge regarding the miRNA system is still limited and its regulatory role remains unclear. In the present study, a computational approach was employed to screen miRNAs from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Alexandrium tamarense. A total of 18 potential miRNAs were identified according to a range of filtering criteria. In addition, unique evolutionary features, such as miRNA gene duplication and sequence similarity to metazoan miRNAs, implied that the...
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