...Suzhou 215123, P.R. China. 3 School of Pre-clinical Medicine and Life Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China. 2 1 Accepted 23 July, 2008 Tolypocladium sp. Ts-1 was isolated from the fruiting body of a wild Cordyceps sinensis, one of the best known traditional Chinese medicine and health foods. The antioxidant activities of hot-water extracts from cultured mycelia of Tolypocladium sp. were assessed in different in vitro systems. The extracts showed superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of 35.6 U/mg protein and are effective in scavenging superoxide radical in a concentration dependent fashion with IC50 value of 1.3 mg/mL. As a reinforcement of the action, similar radical scavenging effects of the extracts were also discerned with both site-specific and non site-specific hydroxyl radical using the deoxyribose assay method. 1,1Diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts reached more than 75.2% at the concentrations of 3-6 mg/mL. The extracts showed moderate reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity. Moreover, the protective effects of the extracts against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)induced lesion to rat PC12 cell (pheochromocytoma cell line) was observed in a dose-dependent manner from 0.25 to 2.0 mg/mL. Our results suggest that the aqueous extract...
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...illuminating way. It's one of those papers, I suspect, that some people will react to by thinking: "I wish I had written that!" Further, I can see others I know well in the field as fitting the description of the tempered radical, at least in some circumstances and at different times. The reviewers, while suggesting changes, as reviewers do, were also very taken with the paper. It is intellectually interesting, and evocative. It provides us with a perspective on organizational issues that is typically glossed. It opens an arena for organizational analysis that is missed in most theoretical frameworks. Tempered radicals, Meyerson and Scully argue, are individuals who identify with and are committed to their organizations and also to a cause, community or ideology that is fundamentally different from, and possibly at odds with, the dominant culture of their organization. Their radicalism stimulates them to challenge the status quo. Their temperedness reflects the way they have been toughened by challenges, angered by what they see as injustices or ineffectiveness, and inclined to seek moderation in their interactions with members closer to the centre of organizational values and orientations. The paper is a scholarly treatment of a complex concept. It is radical in its charge to us to see new possibilities in the study of organization. It is tempered, even hopeful, in its prescriptions for harnessing participants who are often on the margins of organizational life and who have much...
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...illuminating way. It's one of those papers, I suspect; that some people will react to by thinking: "I wish I had written that!" Further, I can see others I know well in the field as fitting'the description of the tempered radical, at least in some circumstances and at different times. The reviewers, while suggesting changes, as reviewers do, were also very taken with the paper. It is intellectually interesting, and evocative. It provides us with a perspective on organizational issues that is typically glossed. It opens an arena for organizational analysis that is missed in r most theoretical frameworks. Tempered radicals, Meyerson and Scully argue, are individuals who identify with and are committed to their organizations and also to a cause, community or ideology that is fundamentally different from, and possibly at odds with, the dominant culture of their organization. Their radicalism stimulates them to challenge the status quo. Their temperedness reflects the way they have been toughened by challenges, angered by what they see as injustices or ineffectiveness, and inclined to seek moderation in their interactions with members closer to the centre of organizational values and orientations. The paper is a scholarly treatment of a complex concept. It is radical in its charge to us to see new possibilities in the study of organization. It is tempered, even hopeful, in its prescriptions for harnessing participants who are often on the margins of organizational life and who have much...
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...6 December 2011 Radical Couch Potato. The concept of being radical conjoins up images of out of control extremists seeking to institute drastic change and forcing it upon everyone. The thought of doing nothing also has radical implications. Dose placing the extremist next to the couch potato present an easy contrast to examine or do they share more in common than we would anticipate? It’s hard to determine which course, action or lack of action, is the scariest. The wearing blinders approach is a contributing factor to many social problems that we all face. Our acceptance of these views makes us equal to the ones presenting them. We witness the viewpoints of radicals every day in the news media. They draw the major attention and focus due to the fact they prey upon the emotions and fears of ordinary people. Groups and individuals expressing extreme beliefs sometimes seek a response that may be violent, and that scares us most of the time. That’s why being bystanders produces no action or outcome, which is considered radical, unlike the activist who displays their agenda openly. The media allows these far reaching actions and ideas to consume our narrow view of our world. By taking little or no action against the militants who seek to control the destiny of the majority we become the militant through our inaction. The political process produces differing opinions, which many are considered deep-rooted in their parties. The extreme right verse...
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...25 Points 1. What is a free radical (IN YOUR OWN WORDS)? A A free radical is a highly reactive atom with an unpaired electron. (a) Why are they harmful to the human body? Free radicals target many macro molecules in the body. They age the body by attacking cells, they are also involved in the progression of many diseases. (b) What environmental factors generate free radicals? Some environmental factors that generate free radicals include being around cigarette smoke, polluted environments, and radiation. (c) List 3 ways we can protect ourselves against free radical damage. You can protect yourself against free radical damage by including more antioxidants in your diet, drinking unchlorinated water, and by exercising more. 25 Points 2. The Dietary...
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...to hospital discharge, neurologic impairment often remains a lasting morbidity (Becker et al., 1993). A large body of evidence from animal models indicate that hyperthermia (a temperature higher than the threshold value of 37C) due to brain injury or ischemia can exacerbate the degree of permanent neurological damage following cardiac arrest. Each degree Celsius higher than 37C can cause cerebral destruction through increased metabolic expenditure, excitatory neurotransmitters resulting in calcium cellular reflux and accumulation of oxygen free radicals (Busto et al., 1987). To improve the outcome of patients who survive cardiac arrest requires not only reducing the ischemic process as quickly as possible, caused by cardiac arrest, but also preventing post resuscitation syndrome caused from reperfusion (Safar, 1993). Cerebral reperfusion after successful resuscitation can trigger harmful chemical cascades such as oxygen free radical production which can result in multifocal brain damage. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is considered as an effective method for reducing the deleterious neurological outcomes in patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Clinical and animal studies have shown that TH following cardiac arrest reduces both the cerebral metabolic rate and oxygen demand and it is thought to attenuate reperfusion injury, global inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, all consequences of cerebral ischemia. Over the...
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...Free radicals are chemical species that contain a singly occupied orbital. They are neutral and tend to be highly reactive and is a species with an odd number of electrons. When a bond is broken both electrons of that bond remained with one of the atoms but for the formation of radicals, one electron of the bond remains with each of the atoms called hemolytic bond cleavage. Our body generates free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. Formed in the body during oxidation, a normal by-product of metabolism,...
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...era in the United States history after the Civil War, in which federal government set the conditions that would allow rebellious southern states back in the union. The ultimate goal of reconstruction was to readmit the south in ways that was acceptable to the North. This meant full political and civil equality for blacks and denial for the political rights of whites. 1865-1877 in the U.S. history, was a period of readjustment following the civil war. The defeated south was ruined, physical destruction brought upon by the invading union forces were great, and the old social economic order founded on slavery had collapsed with nothing to replace it. There were 11 confederate states that needed to be restored to their positions in the union. Radical Republican leaders argued that slavery and the slave power had to be permanently destroyed, and all forms of confederate nationalism had to be suppressed. Before the end of the war, President Lincoln began the task of restoration. “Lincoln was motivated with a desire to build a strong republican party in the south and to end the bitterness developed by the war.” Lincoln issued a proclamation on December 8, 1863 of amnesty and reconstruction for those areas of the...
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...What true success is made of Being rich and powerful without respect, wisdom, honor, and love is not success. Success in our world means to be rich and powerful. To be successful is so much more than the amount of money that is your bank account and the amount of power that you hold. The more money you have can attract negative vices and if you don’t have wisdom you will fall into many bad situations. There are many people who in society’s eyes are successful but are empty on the inside. Which causes them to lonely, because of the love of money and power drove their close friends and family to abandon them. Regardless of your persistence or individual efforts you are never considered successful unless you have material rewards. In our society we are only deemed successful based on your material possessions, (I.E the fancy car you drive, the big house you buy, your significant other, and the designer clothing that we wear. We often tend to hold others to this expectation of what success is and put ourselves down if we feel that we have not met the mark of the stereotypical view of success. The general population of successful people feels that the size of their bank accounts determines their true happiness. These people are sadly mistaken. Often times, these people who base their success off money alone, are usually unhappy and live a reckless life. Due to being unhappy many rich people run to drugs and alcohol, partying and in some cases sex. To fill...
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...1865 Washington had a pretty daunting task of rebuilding the South. Right after major victories in Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863 President Lincoln began putting his plan into action to reunify the North and the South. Lincoln was under belief that the South had never legally seceded from the Union so as a first act to get reconstruction under way he announced the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863. Lincoln created another plan to move reconstruction forward and this was the Ten Percent Plan. The Ten Percent Plan specified that a Southern state could be readmitted to the Union after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. This plan effectively and efficiently ended the war quickly although radical republicans clamored for a higher percentage of people to swear an oath to the Union. It was definitely a plan that enticed the South to surrender quickly. Similar to Lincoln, President Johnson wanted to get Reconstruction completed in a short amount of time. As President he helped return land that was taken from Southerners back to them and issued a lot of pardons to former Confederate officers and officials. Johnson also agreed that if each state accepted the thirteenth amendment which had abolished slavery, they would be able to rejoin the Union. Johnson deemed that Reconstruction was over in...
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...Reconstruction * Radical Republicans plan for vigorous plan, transformed south * Johnson and Congressional republicans clashed * 13th amendament- outlawd slavery * Forced to accept emancipation reconstituted state governments adopted a series of new laws called Black codes-restrictions on black freedom * Freedmen’s Bureau served as the only check on exploitative labor agreements. * Johnson denounced the Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil Rights act, but was overridden. * Partisan politics played a large role in shaping the nature of reconstruction * Bloody Shirt- a patriotic appeal to reward republicans for steering the country through the Civil war * Fighting between radicals and president empowered congress to act decisively when the pres. Woud not. Progressive movement * Roosevelt-square deal. Business was run by trust * Suing Northern Securities railroad trust ( was a monopoly) * Sherman anti-trust * Meat inspection act * Pure food and drug act * No preservative could be used in medicine or food * Leveling business playing field * Vibrant, visible, peoples choice * Reform and regulation * Hand picked his successor- taft * Taft was timid and uncomrotable * Was a lawyer * Wilson Second Industrial Revolution * Manufacturing, transportation and communication technologies * Agriculture/ trade-> focus on manufacturing ( industrialization) * Development of American economy ...
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...the reform of Northumberland and shortly after this the Second Book of Common Prayer removed nearly all traces of Catholicism, reconstructing the Eucharist ceremony to a 'spiritual presence' and the Second Act of uniformity enforced this in every parish. The 42 Articles and the fabrication of a short catechism followed in line with realigning the church with the articles being based on the Protestant justification of salvation through faith alone and the catechism enforcing the work of Protestant Pastor John Calvin. Despite all this change there was still opposition from some reformers showing a complete Protestant church had not been achieved by 1553. The New reformed Ordinal and the subsequent swearing of an oath to saints enraged the radical Protestant Hooper as Protestant beliefs say that anyone who believes in Jesus is a Saint therefore the oath is false to their beliefs. Opposition continued at the...
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...Assess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of family roles and relationships. In this essay I will explore the different schools of feminism such as Marxist, liberal and radical feminism, who share the view that women are oppressed in a patriarchal society but differ in opinion on who benefits from the inequalities. Each school of feminism has their own understanding of family roles and relationships which I will assess through this essay. Firstly one must look at the division of domestic labour and conjugal roles. Conjugal roles refer to the roles performed by men and women in relation to housework, childcare and paid work. Traditionally men had the instrumental ‘bread-winning’ role which the women had the expressive role (childcare and primary socialisation). Feminists say that the traditional division of labour is neither natural nor beneficial to women as their expressive role is unpaid and taken for granted. However different feminist views disagree on who benefits from this unpaid labour. Marxist feminists would argue it is capitalism that benefits most as wives keep their husbands happy and therefore they are left with a content workforce. On the other hand, radical feminists would argue that men are the main people to gain from women’s oppression as we live in a patriarchal society. A functionalist view from Wilmott and Young says that there has been a ‘march of progress’ in which the family has become more symmetrical with more joint conjugal...
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...JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” Brenda Anyanwu Paul D. Camp Community College Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 201 Abstract Based on a quote from John B. Watson, “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist, in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The behavior of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviorist’s total scheme of investigation. (Classics in the History of Psychology) Although, I might not somewhat agree with his theory, Mr. Watson holds some truth about his view on his theory. What you are about to read is about his life and what lead him to his theory on behaviorism. Brenda Anyanwu Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 52A November 3, 2010 Project Assignment John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” During the year of 1878, John B. Watson was born to parents Pickens and Emma Watson, he was their fourth child. Growing upon a farm in a small town of Travelers Rest, South Carolina the family was poor. Most of the family wealth had been too lost during the civil war. John’s parent...
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...Root Of Violence Against Women " Each year an estimated 2 to 4 million women in the United States are abused by their male partners. Many of them are severely assaulted, and thousands are killed" (thehotline.org). Statistics such as these are phenomenal. Domestic abuse does not only appear as physical harm but there is a lot of damage dealt with psychological abuse which is just as bad. Domestic violence is a widespread issue throughout the world, mostly due to fear created by the abuser. This problem is recognized worldwide and many theorists such as Nussbaum, Mackinnon and Dworkin have shared and organized their thoughts as to why such an uproar of violence has been rising within our society against women. In order to understand why violence against women is at such a high percentage we must first take a look at and understand what are the contributing influences and factors which play an active role in causing the abuser to inflict acts/thoughts/desires of violent intent onto a female. I shall analyze and go into depth of the theories coined by the names mentioned above as to what they think the root of violence is. But first we need to understand that violence against women does not only consist of physical/emotional damage, but also violation of their entitled rights as an individual human being. When we begin to treat a person as anything less or begin to expect more we have committed an act of violation on their human rights. "Objectification entails making into...
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