...TOPIC: The influence of radio and television in promoting national development in Nigeria. DEDICATION. I want to dedicate this to God, Thank you for all your blessing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. I want to acknowledge God Almighty for impacting such wonderful knowledge and may he continue to guide me. PREFACE. This paper discusses the significant methods and ways that radio and television can improve and promote national development in Nigeria to increase its economic power and interaction ability among her people. This topic offers solution and background to the issues of language barrier among the people and communication barriers among the leaders and the people at the grassroots. It also discusses the functions of the media as whole and also defins radio and television. TABLE OF CONTENT Title page……………………………………………….. 2 Dedication……………………………………………….. 3 Acknowledgement………………………………………. 4 Preface……………………………………………………. 5 Table of content……………………………………………6 CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction………………………..…………………8 Definition of terms 1.2 Radio.………… ….………………………………….10 1.3 Television………………………………………..……11 1.4 National development………………………..………..12 CHAPTER TWO 2.1 The origin of radio………………………….…………. 13 2.2 The origin of television…………………………………14 2.3 The birth of radio in Nigeria……………………………15 2.4 The birth of television in Nigeria …………………... .17 CHAPTER THREE 3.1 The function of media in promoting national...
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...Regulation - Essay Question 1: The regulation of Canadian content on radio and television has long been a source of controversy. Some argue that the regulations serve no real purpose and have become meaningless in many respects. Others point to successful Canadian musicians and/or television shows, arguing that Canadian content regulations helped these forms of entertainment survive in a highly competitive environment. Do you believe that Canadian content regulations are necessary, and if so, what evidence can you provide to support this belief? Be specific in your answer, regardless of whether you focus on radio, television or both: if you think alternative means of support are more important, detail why this is true. Submitted By: XX Submitted To: XX Professor: XX Student Number: XX Submission Due Date: November 29, 2010 Course Code: CMST 1A03 The Importance of Canadian Regulation Question 1 – Why Is Canadian Regulation Important? In society today, one contemplates the content that is portrayed via media. The Canadian government has placed numerous conditions and restrictions that state what is authorized and what is unapproved to be shown or heard on television and radio. The only cultural medium established in Canada is broadcasting. The government has also established the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, or CRTC for short form. The regulation of radio and television is crucial for society today mainly because it serves to restrict...
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...1. Changes in the trend of media industry Media consumption patterns are slowly but steadily changing the digital home, and wireless connectivity enables similar changes outside the home. Disruptive technologies liberalized content release windows, regulatory changes, and a myriad of factors could dramatically change current trend lines of the customers. Before we start, let me first explain about the historical media disruptors. Firstly, the television forces radio out of national spotlight into locally based medium and then came the cable television, which evolves from relaying distant signals to narrow casting medium. Alternative newspapers emerge from counterculture voice to market threat, competing for advertisement revenue. Commercialization of the Internet and Web force “traditional” media to face the future and fight for advertisement revenue and consumer attention. The next generation of media, which is the DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting), is now threatening the rest of the media. 2. What is DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)? According to the web-site scala.com, the definition of DMB is the process of broadcasting multimedia over the Internet, or satellite, to be tuned in by multimedia receivers, or players, capable of playing back the multimedia program. Through a process called multicast, a single broadcast can send programming to thousands of receivers, which can play back the content individualized to the location. This is one of the advantages...
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...The merger between the SIRIUS Canada Inc and the Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc University’s Name Submitted by Names: Tutor: Date of submission Sirius XM Radio Canada The merger between the SIRIUS Canada Inc and the Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc which is the parent company the XM is more than just a telecommunication merger. The major step of it being approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is a more than rewarding endeavor. This is because it means that the merger that formed the new organization if now fully functional and well to be strategized into the Canadian telecommunication sector. Recommendations There exist many differentiated aspect that revolve around merger especially in this case. This is because both the SIRIUS Canada Inc and the Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc telecommunication companies used to be fierce and intense competitors in the time period before the merger. This means that both companies had studied each other in differentiated aspects that relate to competition. This includes marketing, departmental structures, weak points and strengths in relation to their competitive nature. This will be a rather odd merger but beneficial at the same time. The two teams that represented the human resource departments of both the SIRIUS Canada Inc and the Canadian Satellite Radio Holdings Inc will be integrated into one. This will make the merger to be complete and eventually form a larger...
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...Sirius Case Part 1 1. Sirius Satellite Radio, Incorporated provides satellite radio in the United States. They offer 133 channels-69 channels of 100% commercial-free music and 64 channels of sports, news, talk, entertainment, traffic, weather, and data content to their subscribers. When comparing Sirius Satellite Radio to that of traditional AM/FM broadcast radio stations, they have many competitive advantages. Some of these competitive advantages include broadcast reception paid for by subscription fees rather than commercial advertising, making them commercial free, an extensive range of specialized channels, third-party content such as Howard Stern, NFL, and NASCAR, and the offering of multiple platforms available for subscribers to listen to their channels such as over the Internet, DISH satellite television, multimedia handsets, and car radio, for example. 2. Two key risks that are associated with Sirius Satellite Radio’s business model relative to traditional broadcast radio stations are their inability to supply users with local content such as local news and sports and their ability to sustain subscribers while attracting new ones. The traditional broadcast radio does not face these risks because they are able to provide a much wider range of specialized local content. They also do not encounter issues with continuing subscribers or their ability to generate new ones because their services are free. 3. Sirius’ business is dependent, in part, upon the...
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...Co. operates primarily on point-to-point routes with its fleet of 120 Airbus A320 aircraft and 49 EMBRAER 190 aircraft. As of Dec 31 2011, Co. served 70 destinations in 22 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico and 12 countries in the Caribbean and Latin America. Co.'s onboard offerings include inflight entertainment systems which consist of 36 channels of DirecTV®, 100 channels of XM satellite radio and movie channel offerings; and a range of snacks and beverages. Co.'s subsidiary, LiveTV, LLC, provides in-flight entertainment, voice communication and data connectivity services for commercial and general aviation aircraft) (Business Summary, 2012). The company's other businesses include LiveTV, a wholly owned subsidiary which provides in-flight entertainment, voice communication and data connectivity services for commercial and general aviation aircraft. LiveTV has contracts with seven other domestic and international commercial airlines for the sale of certain hardware and installation, programming and maintenance of its live in-seat satellite television. It also has contracts for its XM Satellite Radio Service and for certain other products and services...
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...Current policies and practices pertaining to “net neutrality” in the Canadian context. Why or Why not is “net neutrality” an important principle? Orlando Desmond D’Souza 103455783 Dr. Valerie Scatamburlo-D'annibale Introduction to Media and Society: 40-101-01 Tuesday October 25, 2011 Net Neutrality also known as Network Neutrality is one of the most highly debated topic of the century. The debate is fundamentally based on the future of the Internet and the role it would play in the society. It has received a great deal of attention from various people including telecommunication experts, certain political representatives as well as the press. It mainly states that Internet Service providers (ISP’s) must treat all data sources equally. In other words it means that the users of the internet must have the freedom to access the internet without any restrictions put upon them by the ISP’s. The term ‘net neutrality’ is defined in a number of ways by different communities, companies and individuals. Barratt and Shade stressed upon another condition that; there are no means by which centralized mechanisms can be used to control the Internet. Moreover Moll and Shade argued that the corporations that own networks have no control of the information that runs through them (Moll & Shade, 2008: VIII). Many organizations and companies try to use it in various forms. There are several examples on net neutrality with respect to Canada with one of them being the Telus issue....
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...The IMC AWARDS of 2010 will always be remembered for two statements. IB Kargbo, the former president of SLAJ took the stage and in a long and rambling speech assured former employees of the Sierra Leone Daily Mail that their long-delayed retrenchment benefits would be paid them within two weeks. The applause was long and loud. I imagine some of those people were already drawing up their budgets. Next, the current President of the Sierra Leone Association of Journalists, SLAJ, Umaru Fofana, in his usual fiery style warned media workers not to ignite another civil war in Sierra Leone by what they say on radio or publish in newspapers. Two years on, former Daily Mail workers have still not been paid; unrepentant IB Kargbo continues to make promises that go unfulfilled – taking him by his other promise, the Access to Information Law would have been in place eight weeks ago. I was not among those who applauded that promise at SLAJ headquarters on the eve of World Press Freedom Day on 2 May, because I was at the British Council before that when IB Kargbo and the Speaker of Parliament openly contradicted each other regarding the status of the Access to Information bill. I wasn’t amused. It’s on Umaru Fofana’s side of things that I want to concentrate this week. On the night he made that statement, I was among a handful of journalists who suggested to him, that he had just exaggerated a perfectly manageable situation, which was not unique to Sierra Leone. We had a small argument about...
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...XM Satellite Radio is one of two that have won the licenses bids to join the duopoly with SIRIUS. SIRIUS currently has a head start in funding, strategy announcement, and product launch. XM needs to define their market segment, product and services offering, and pricing strategy. SIRIUS has revealed their marketing targets and we can use this to our advantage by targeting different segments. Tech-Seekers and Tech-Friendly markets would be ideal for XM. SIRIUS already announced that rural areas and truckers are their target markets. XM offers small, sleek antennas that would appeal to these markets. These markets are willing to replace their current car stereos with aftermarket stereos, which is aligned with our product concepts for the car market, approximately 46M customers. Pursue the home segment, which has approximately 51M customers in the Tech-Seekers and Tech-Friendly market segments. Both SIRIUS and traditional radio are not meeting or pursuing this market. XM will benefit from first mover in the home satellite radio. Advertising as a revenue stream needs to be considered. Limited advertising can be done on select channels, such as talks, where breaks are necessary. Sponsorship of particular channels can be done. The concept products display text. Sponsors name could scroll during limited breaks between sets of music. AM/FM radio has 18 to 20 minutes of commercials for every hour. For XM to differentiate as perceived commercial-free, advertising will be...
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...Canadian radio industry. Sirius XM Canada offers 120-130 channels that include sports, children, news, and talk programming (Sirius XM, 2015). Sirius XM Canada’s revenues were CAD 79 million for the first quarter 2015 (Q1 2015 Sirius XM, 2015). The Federal Communications Commission approved Digital Audio Radio Service’s usage for radio frequency for satellite broadcast in 1992. Two companies, Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Radio were awarded licenses to use radio frequencies. Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Radio were originally launched in limited cities, however, by 2002, both companies offered services nationwide. In the United States, satellite radio is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. In Canada, satellite radio is regulated by the Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Commission. Canadian subsidiaries are required to have Canadian ownership (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2015) Satellite radio uses original equipment manufacturer, chip sets, and receivers to provide service to customers. The receivers are plug and play or factory-installed into vehicles. However, the impairment expense to upgrade outdated equipment is costly. For example, Sirius XM spent U.S. $22.3 million to update obsolete equipment (Hitt, et al., 2015). The threat of new entrants is low in the satellite radio industry. In the U.S., the FCC only awarded licenses to two companies, XM Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio. In Canada, XM Canada was the exclusive licensed provider to XM Radio. Sirius...
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...Title of the Case: Satellite Radio (B) Time Context or Period: 2005-2008 Summary of the Case: Late 2005 proved to be the high point of expectations for satellite radio due to the unexpected increase of subscriptions for Sirius and XM Radio that even surpassed forecasts made a year earlier. As 2006 progressed, the growth rate started to decelerate and both companies have continued to lose money. Competition in the market became stiffer because of the rapid growth of technology which led to the birth of new gadgets used in consuming music. Also, a sharp downturn was also experienced by the auto business due to the crisis felt the by the United states. Because of these factors, Sirius and XM Radio have decided to undergo a merger agreement because of the benefits that the merger offers. However, the proposed merger faced regulatory hurdles with the Department of Justice and the FCC, and oppositions from the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB). Later on, in March 2008, the Department of Justice and the FCC gave their “go signals” to the merger provided that the new company, which is named Sirius XM, to offer more content a la carte pricing which gave a huge impact on its revenue. Despite positive cash flows that the forecasts stated, Sirius XM continued to have difficulties, especially in funding current liabilities, because of the crisis felt in the automobile industry, and by late 2008, the stock of the new company was traded under $0.40 a share. Mission/Vision...
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...Radio plays a central role in the discussions in this chapter. How does it affect each of the three styles under consideration? What role does television play? Before there was television or radio, people around the country had to resort to listening to music by live performances. This was quite a damper in music’s influence in society at that time. In the 1950’s there were three common styles in music and they are mainstream popular music, rhythm and blues, and country and western. Radio played a major role in creating a global and nation wide audience from local and regional audiences. The most popular style of music featuring Bing Crosby, The Andrews Sisters and Frank Sinatra appeared regularly in radio programming. As a result, country and western as well as rhythm and blues were not often played in the radio and did not develop much amongst society. During the mid 1950’s the television were at its golden age. People were no longer listening to the radio and now tuned in more to the television. Low-income listener could now listen to country and western and rhythm and blues because they were played more often on the radio at hopes to attract low-income listeners or those who could not afford a television. Elvis appeared on the Ed Sullivan show on television and thus results in the rapid spread of the popular genre of rock and roll amidst a national audience. All in all , the appearance of radio and television played a critical role in spreading these musical genres and...
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...It very often that a person turns on a television to watch programmes without really analysing the characters they see in the shows. As viewers, we mostly ingest what we see as pure entertainment. So is not always obvious to us about how certain groups of people are being portrayed in the media, what sort of messages are being implied, or the ramifications that arise from the various representations we see. To conclude how important media representation is to viewers, we have to first understand what media representation is, what is being represented, and how it impacts society and how we perceive what or whom that is represented. In this essay I will focus primarily on the media representation in television and its examples. According to Long and Wall (2009), a definition of media representation is “to describe, or depict something; to call it up in the mind by description, portrayal or imagination. To represent also means to symbolise, to stand for, to be a specimen of or to substitute for” (p.79). In my opinion, television is one of the more impactful media form in representation. Television shows are capable of describing and depicting sceneries and people visually, and special emphasis on sound effects and such help make the scenes more vivid. So it is probably the media format that which communicates to us most straightforwardly. And by doing so, the television easily offers a sneak peak into the lives of various people living across the world, or the beautiful landscapes...
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...ourselves we think of either the Radio or Television. When we think of the Radio we think of our favorite songs or those repetitive, irritating, boring yet interesting and amusing talk shows in between mixes. What we do not consider is; where did this entertainment come from? How it actually produces sound? How does it exist or even who brought it into existence? We utilize television for most of our entertainment as well and the same applies. We never question how Television came along, how the picture is projected? How we’re able to see the images in color and so forth. All we care for is celebrity reality shows, amazing food networks and live Sports. The history of these legacy media consists of time, trial and error. Legacy Media as a whole has made a larger impact on the world than actual world issues. Legacy Media today is the money, power and even the respect in all parts of the Earth. It first began in the late 1800s, when Heinrich Hertz detects and produces radio waves. Radio being the first device to allow mass communication: with hopes of being able to communicate wirelessly. Wireless telegraphy, electric telegraphy that does not have wires connecting the endpoints; systems which communicate with radio waves. In 1894, Nobel Prize-winning physicist and inventor Guglielmo Marconi builds his first radio equipment that would ring a bell 30 feet away. Breaking all barriers of Radio, Marconi discovered the much needed work necessary for future radio technology. With consistent...
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...which regulates the communications of the television and radio sectors within the industry. This also includes fixed line telecoms and for mobiles including the airwaves over the wireless devices operate. Ofcom are an independent organisation where rules are set to ensure a fair competition is maintained between the companies in the media. The idea of this body is to protect the residents in the UK from any scams occurring at the time, gaining the best from their communications services but making sure the competition can still succeed. The organisation gets it’s funding from the fees of the industry such as the regulating broadcasting and communications networks and also grant-in-aid which comes from the government. Ofcom have other responsibilities that they have authority over which include: creating codes and policies, licensing, research, looking into competition and addressing complaints. It has a reputation to issue a large number of consultations. Ofcom are independent of the UK government where the Department for Business and Regulatory Reform and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport fund them. However Ofcom answer to the UK Parliament. The body works under the Communications Act 2003 where the detailed Act of Parliament deciphers what Ofcom has to do to ensure they are following their main legal duties. Set out in the UK from 2003 they have to guarantee: • Anyone who listens to either the radio or television has to be protected from harmful material...
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