...1. Electrical events of the heart dictate ______mechanical_______ events of the heart. a. Depoolarization causes ___Contraction________________________ . b. 2. Repolarization causes ______Relaxation______________________ . What two factors determine the direction of blood flow through the heart? Valves and pressure gradients (Pressure is generated by contraction of cardiac muscle) List the chambers/vessels that the four valves connect: Chamber Valve Pulmonary Semilunar Aortic Semilunar Mitral (bicuspid) Tricuspid Chamber/Vessel Pulmonary Artery Aorta Pulmonary Vein Inferior/superior Vena Cava 3. Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium Right Atrium 4. a. What are the two phases that contribute to ventricular filling? Atrial ___Systole____________ and Ventricular ________Diastole_________ b. Blood flows through the _____Mitral_____________ or ______Tricuspid_____________ valves into the ventricles. 5. 6. During Ventricular Systole, what closes the AV valves? Intraventricular pressure increases and causes ventricular contraction During Ventricular Systole, what opens the semilunar valves? Ventricles contract which causes the pressure to rise, and then the pressure of the blood forces the semilunar valves to open. 7. 8. 9. During Isovolumetric Relaxation, what closes the semilunar valves? When blood pressure in arteries is greater than blood pressure in ventricles During Isovolumetric Relaxation, what opens the AV valves? When blood pressure in ventricles...
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...Indian-Pakistani confrontation from the partition of the British Indian Empire to these days. Over the Kashmir issue DATE: 06/JAN/2013 Introduction to the Indian-Pakistan conflict: Since 1946 the British began dynamically to negotiate a shift of authority, but this did not prove to be an easy affair, for as independence was established in August 1947 it was not to a single unitary state, but to two- India and Pakistan. The detachment of India occurred as Congress and the Muslim League had principally incompatible thoughts about how to represent a single successor state to British rule. Put plainly, The Muslim League preferred a weak political centre and the devolution of power to groups of provinces, which would permit the Muslim-majority areas a superior deal of self-government, while Congress sought the construction of a sturdy centralized state in order to become conscious on its social and economic goal. With neither side enthusiastic to compromise at the country on the brink of chaos. The easiest resolution was partition. The outcome was that the Muslim-majority areas of Baluchistan, Sind, the North-West Frontier, the western half of the Punjab and Eastern half of Bengal were amalgamated into the state of Pakistan underneath the premiership of the leader of the Muslim League. Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In the meantime India gained its independence under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the leader of the Congress party. In addition, it hastily added to its territorial...
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...Racial Cultural Conflict in Kamala Markandaya’s Novel Some Inner Fury Usha Vikram Kaushik M.A.Ph.D Assistant professor V. M. Patel College of Management Studies Ganpat University Kherva In Some Inner Fury Markandaya has highlighted two prominent aspects of the impact of Western education and culture on the outlook of Indians. Kamala Markandaya has depicted the effect of India’s contact with Western culture and civilization which led to the emergence of three distinct types of people among the educated Indians. The novel also depicts how they are transformed under the influence of western ideologies and systems affecting the Indian attitudes and life styles. First, there are those who have been completely swept off their feet by English education and find nothing valuable in their ancient culture and way of life. They look down upon their countrymen for their backwardness. They hold high positions in the British administration in India and are considered pillars of strength by the alien rulers. Kit and his father belong to this category. Second, there are those who are fundamentalists and stick blindly to the old Indian traditions and values; they are not ready to accept the British way of life, and are deeply hostile to the British rule in India and do not hesitate to resort to violent strategy to drive them out of their land. Govind belongs to this category. And the third category of people are those like Roshan and Mira who have got Western education but are...
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...Topic: Birth of Pakistan (1947) The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on July 18, 1947. The Act created two dominions, Indian Union and Pakistan. It also provided for the complete end of British control over Indian affairs from August 15, 1947. The Muslims of the Sub-continent had finally achieved their goal to have an independent state for themselves, but only after a long and relentless struggle under the single-minded guidance of the Quaid. The Muslims faced a gamut of problems immediately after independence. However, keeping true to their traditions, they overcame them after a while. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was appointed the first Governor General of Pakistan and Liaqat Ali Khan became its first Prime Minister. Pakistan became a dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The boundaries of Pakistan emerged on the map of the world in 1947. This was accomplished on the basis of the Two-Nation Theory. This theory held that there were two nations, Hindus and Muslims living in the territory of the Sub-continent. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first exponent of the Two-Nation Theory in the modern era. He believed that India was a continent and not a country, and that among the vast population of different races and different creeds, Hindus and Muslims were the two major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, way-of-life, customs, traditions, culture and historical conditions. The politicization of the Muslim community came about as...
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...Committee: United Nations General Assembly Topic: Kashmir- Is it a symbol of failure of United Nations Machinery Country: Germany Delegate: Ruchi Gupta Since the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, the Kashmir conflict between them has become intractable. India first referred the case of Pakistani aggression in Kashmir to the United Nations Security Council under Article 35 of the UN Charter on January 1, 1948. This move was directed towards protecting India’s territorial integrity. United Nations was involved in mediating the Kashmir conflict from 1948 through 1965. Later, at the end of the Third Pakistan- India war of 1971, Pakistan and India signed the Simla Agreement in 1972 which emphasized the adoption of a bilateral framework to solve the crisis. UNSC resolution 47 of 1948 recommended Pakistan to withdraw all its tribesmen and Pakistani nationals. It also recommended Indian forces to be reduced to minimum strengths to maintain law and order so as to later hold a UN supervised plebiscite in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to determine the aspirations of her people. But Pakistan never vacated and later India also backed out. As a result the referendum never went through and UN declaration could not be implemented. Germany agrees that the Kashmir issue should be undertaken bilaterally as “one spark” could be disastrous for the entire region. Germany has always supported negotiated settlement of the Kashmir issue between Pakistan and...
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...Analyse the reasons for the 1947 partition of the South Asian sub-continent into India and Pakistan. The partition of the South Asian sub-continent into India and Pakistan was one of the most crucial events in both countries histories. There was exceeding tensions in India between the two main political parties; the Indian National Congress, with predominantly Hindu based support and members and the Muslim League formed later as protest against the minority Muslim population and their overlooked rights. Violence and bloodshed between Hindu and Muslim population had become increasingly severe and forced the decision surrounding partition to be made quickly before it escalated any further. Furthermore, the British intention to leave India was a ticking clock forcing the two parties to come to a decision quickly rather than be granted independence only to be left in a civil war. However, the social and economic barriers between Muslims and Hindus also furthered the support for partition Tensions between the Muslim League and Congress led to the League’s increasing insecurity of being disadvantaged by having a single Indian nation dominated by Hindus and that their interests would not be accounted for. The Muslim League felt increasingly isolated which led them to push harder for the partition of India. Much of this sense of isolation was set about by the actions of Congress. For instance, in the 1937 elections the Congress won majorities in seven of eleven provinces in which...
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...REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL Design, Development and Implementation of an online workflow application for MGNREGS++ in Orissa 17-NREG-11-1016/11787 JUNE 02, 2011 PANCHAYATI RAJ DEPARTMENT (PRD), GOVERNMENT OF ORISSA Table of Contents 1 A) B) C) 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 9 9.1 9.2 Checklist ........................................................................................................................................................................3 General Bid ....................................................................................................................................................................3 Technical Bid .................................................................................................................................................................4 Commercial Bid .............................................................................................................................................................5 Invitation for Bids ..........................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................
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...Reflections On Lagaan Suyash Poddar The movie Lagaan represents a unique Bollywood style amalgamation of India Colonial past with the sport of cricket to deliver a thoroughly entertaining and insightful piece of cinema. The film depicts the oppression faced by peasants in “Champaner” by its colonial rulers who demanded a higher tax rate from the peasants despite the economic hardships they were facing. To oppose this harsh tax the peasants are challenged to a “winner take all” Cricket match against the British, setting up a true underdog sports story where the inexperienced Indian peasants rise up to face the mighty British empire on a Cricket pitch. Through the lens of a glorified Cricket match between Indian peasants and the British Officer’s Lagaan broaches a wide variety of issues that plagues colonial India. Issues like the economic dependence of peasants on “baarish” to ensure a good crop have been prominently displayed in the film. The film also carefully brings up the subject of segregation based on caste, when the villagers consider the Character “kachra” (which means garbage) as “achoot” ( untouchable) because he belongs to a lowly caste. The film attempts to denounce this notion of segregation by providing “kachra” the support of the protagonist who is able to rise beyond the caste system and include “kachra” to become an integral part of the team. Although the premise of the film is quite improbable, it does well to show the true oppressive and whimsical...
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...1 . Describe major aspects of British Colonialism in India and its influence on the Indian population . The British rule over India changed the course of history in India. The British came to India at the start of the seventeenth century. This was the time when the British East India Company was established in India to break the Dutch monopoly over spice trade. With time the East India Company increased its power and started to administer the country. However its policies were disliked by Indians and together they revolted against the company. This led to the downfall of the company and the administration of India went directly under the Queen. By 1800, the Mughals had been reduced by British Military power to its former greatness. During the next few decades, the British sought to the control over the Indian sub-continent, expanding from their base areas along the coast into the interior. Some territories were taken over directly, first by the East India Company and later by the British crown; others were ruled indirectly through their maharajas and rajas. Not all of the effects of the British rule were bad. British governance over the subcontinent brought order and stability to a society that had been rent by civil war. By the early nineteenth century, British control had been consolidated and led to a relatively honest and efficient government that in many respects operated to the benefit of the average Indian. One of the benefits of the period...
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...PAPER 28 THE HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FROM THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY READING LIST: 2012-13 C. A. Bayly cab1002@cam.ac.uk 1 The History of The Indian Subcontinent From The Late Eighteenth Century To The Present Day A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the region’s place in the global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups...
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...Subhas Chandra Bose (About this sound listen ; 23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945 (aged 48)[1]) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Japan left a troubled legacy.[4][5][6] The honorific Netaji (Hindustani language: "Respected Leader"), first applied to Bose in Germany, by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, in early 1942, is now used widely throughout India.[7] Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939.[8] However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mohandas K. Gandhi and the Congress high command.[9] He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.[10] Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities.[11][12] In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommels Afrika...
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...Click Here For Current Affair News For UPSC,IAS,SSC, Govt. Exams http://upscportal.com/civilservices/current-affairs Free Guide for SSC General Knowledge TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. History of India and The World 2. Indian Polity and Governance 3. Geography of India and The World 4. Economy 5. General Science 6. Organisations 7. General Knowledge HISTORY OF INDIA AND THE WORLD GOVERNOR-GENERALS OF INDIA (1833–58) Lord W. Bentick (1833–35): First Governor-General of India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit. • Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of misgovernment. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836): Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (called Liberator the Press). Lord Auckland (1836–42): 1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836–42)—great blow to the prestige of the British in India. Lord Ellenborough (1842–44): Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843). Lord Hardings I (1844–48): 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) and the Treaty of Lahore 1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereighty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment. Lord Dalhousie (1848–56): Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital. • Administrative Reforms:...
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...‘To what extent should Curzon be shown as a failure’? Curzon’s journey as viceroy began on the 31st December 1898, when he arrived in Calcutta. Curzon differed from previous viceroys, as he was not reluctant to play the position of viceroy in India, but was actually eager to partake in this opportunity. Many factors contributed to his eager attitude to becoming viceroy, like the fact that he had always been interested in Indian history and his fascination of travelling also played a part in his desire to become viceroy, so much so that he described it as ‘ the greatest of his various ambitions’. Curzon had two terms as viceroy that were overall quite successful, however due to controversial and failed policies that he embarked upon in his second term , his reputation and legacy was severely damaged. He also contributed to the corrupt reputation of the British rule and as a result of Curzon’s failed policies, many campaigns were triggered and after 50 years, it would lead to the independence of India. Curzon’s desire to become viceroy and his well-travelled nature meant that he was able to gain a better insight into the culture and lives of the Indians. As a result of the Indian mutiny, queen victoria made it clear in the royal proclamation that the British viceroys were to serve the interests and care for her Indian subjects, as well as keeping out external threats and remaining in control of uprising within India. For this reasons it may be argued by some historians, that...
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...reference to the years 1857 to c1900 [25 marks] In order to assess the validity of the above statement, we must consider a number of factors that contributed to the effects of British rule in India. Subsequently, this essay will explore some disadvantages faced by the native population due to British self-interest and arrogance during their rule in India. However, we must also consider other factors that aided and had a positive impact on them such as the coming of the railway. One way British rule was indeed based upon self-interest and arrogant racial superiority was the lack of authority and voice given to Indian nationals. Native rulers had minimum influence in central government, including at a local level. Although the Indian Raj had been selected by the British to fulfil the notion of ‘fairness’, the legal system still provided the British with more power and control. This resulted in harmful effects on the native population, as they had no self-rule, which led to policy and decision-making lying with the British. The relationship between the British ruler and the Indian ruled had been damaged after the rebellion of the Indian Mutiny 1857. This was heavily due to the reporting it received within Britain, which highlighted the brutality of the Indians while ignoring the savagery of the British. The treatment of the native population deteriorated as the British no longer ‘admired’ or were interested in their culture but sought to be separated from it. Therefore, racial...
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...Political legacy of colonialism in India A lot of countries were experienced of political legacy of colonialism. This essay will focus on concept colonialism and its reasons. This notion could be defined in different ways. Colonialism is a situation of some territory which ruled by another country. Colonialism is a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. Colonialism developed from imperialism, which can be reffered to as the highest stage of capitalism. In nineteenth century colonialism was motivated by a number of factors including a nation's desire for political and cultural domination and economic exploitation. One example of this period colonialism is Britain's colonization of India. Essay will explain the political legacy of colonialism based on British colonialism in India. In the long history of European colonialism, some colonists did better by their colonies that others. Many motivations pushed Europeans towards colonizing foreign lands. Primarily, nations established colonies to gain economic profits. In the early 1800's, the Industrial Revolution was beginning in such places as Great Britain, and new markets and raw materials were needed to uphold th enew industries. Nations depended on their colonies for raw materials to be used in their factories so that they could produce a growing number of manufactured goods. They then hoped to sell the manufactured goods to their...
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