...in the expression of the Gospel and the Christian faith through the cultural medium, but includes, as well, experiencing, understanding and appropriating the Gospel through the cultural resources of a people. There are at present 5 archdioceses, 12 dioceses, 3 prelatures, and one Apostolic Vicariate in Mindanao-Sulu. Most of these were created after Vatican II, so in a sense, these jurisdictions that compose the Church in Mindanao-Sulu are young churches. While the Catholics are about 68% of the population of Mindanao-Sulu, the percentage of Muslims and Catholics in any jurisdiction varies greatly. Christian Aid helps 28 indigenous ministries in the Philippines that are working on islands of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago in areas where they are able to reach Muslims. Mindanao, the second largest island in the Philippines, has been the traditional homeland of Muslim Filipinos since the 15th century. The Muslim population is composed of many ethnic groups spread among the islands of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. These scattered islands can only be reached by pump boats. While the incidence of poverty is high, the lush, natural beauty of the place provides a clear picture of the Creator’s handiwork. Introducing the Lord to these people is the prime goal of several indigenous ministries. Working within the framework of the culture, building friendships and helping in very practical ways, these native missionaries are making our Savior, Jesus Christ (Isa...
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...Muhammad, the ummah, was established in the Arabian Peninsula by means of conversion to Islam and conquering of territory, and oftentimes the conquered had to either accept Islam or pay tax (jizyah) for protection if they chose to not convert. Among others, the tax permitted the non-Muslim citizens to practice their faith, and ensure protection from outside aggressors. In the first centuries conversion to Islam followed the rapid growth of the Islamic world under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphs. Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljuk Turks, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The Islamic world was composed of numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, doctors and philosophers, all of whom contributed to the Golden Age of Islam. The activities of this quasi-political early ummah resulted in the spread of Islam as far from Mecca as China and Indonesia, the latter containing the world's largest Muslim population. As of October 2009, there were 1.571 billion Muslims,[1] making Islam the second-largest religion in the world.[2] THE EXTRAORDINARY SPREAD OF ISLAM AND ITS MAIN DYNAMICS Islam, in the tenth century, was the main religion, or at least, the religion of the majority of peoples in an area covering more than half of the civilized...
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...themselves to do the most heinous crimes in the name of Islam. However my question is Islam religion of works or faith .having live most of my young live with Muslim, this are people who practiced the religion of Islam. According to Islam dying in jihad is a great honor, and it is the only way a Muslims is guaranteed of going to paradise. Maybe that is why we see Muslims leaving their own nation to fight jihad in other in other countries. Their motivation is religious, which is much more dangerous than a political motivation. when we take a deep look into the word’ jihad’, then we start to see that jihad is the motivation in many act of terrorism done in the name of Islam. When we take a deep look how the Islamic religion spread we can see that violence was ubiquitous part of the part of the culture at the time and this type of religious conquest fits easily into the regional character. There are at least 114 verses in Quran that speak of love, peace, and forgiveness (the heifer surah 2;62, 109).but when surad 9;5 was revealed later it cancelled out those previous verses. This surah or chapter in Quran was later label sword. And it explained that Muslims should and must fight anyone who chooses not to convert to Islam.whether they are inside Arabia or outside. If Islam is a religion of peace while are the killing on Muslims practicing the faith for example the in 2014 December in Afghanistan 12 people were gunned down by Taliban for try to clear area of mines. This is just...
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...Islamic Expansion Are you a Muslim that believes in the Islamic religion? If you are not, then you might be interested in learning how the early Islamic Empire expanded. The Early Islamic Expansion occurred because of multiple reasons. In my opinion, Muhammad, treaties, and battles all played roles in the expansion of the early Islamic empire. To begin with, are the battles. One battle (The Battle of Yarmuk) helped with the early expansion of the Islamic Empire. That battle probably solidified the strength, importance, and fight that the Islamic empire possessed. According to Document A, “The Battle of Yarmuk,” written in the 800’s by Ahmad al-Biladuri, many of the Muslim enemies (the Greeks), were killed during the Battle of Yarmuk....
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...governments had a hold on many important trade routes and goods. This allowed them to remain in main sources of power. Their expansions experienced many obstacles in their attempts to grows into a major force. These Muslim empires all owe their relative success and failures to some of the same reasons: power vacuums, strong leaders, and religious intolerance. The Ottoman Empire was able to fill a power vacuum that was left after the Mongols were defeated. Anatolia and Southeast Asia were left without a dominating power, and the Ottomans used that to easily conquer most of the area. Through the use of their strong military of trained Janissaries, most of the area fell into the jurisdiction. There is a correlation between what the Ottomans and Mughals accomplished. With a lack of a strong ruler in India, the Mughals were...
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...‘To what extent was superior military leadership the main reason for the success of the First Crusade?’ In 1099 the First Crusade had succeeded their objective and captured the Holy City of Jerusalem. The use of military leadership provided by key figures including Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond of Toulouse and Adhemar of Le Puy were considered a main reason for the crusaders success. Due to the failure of the First Wave it was considered by the Muslims that the crusaders will no longer be a threat to them. Strong Military leadership was a large part for as to why the First Crusade was such a success. Without strong leadership from Bohemond and Adhemar leading the troops, the Western forces would have most likely fallen apart and turned against one another and their Eastern allies. This was key during the Battle of Dorylaeum where the crusaders were confronted with a barbaric and alien type of warfare, this is where Bohemond showed his true light as a good leader as he was able to keep his forces disciplined and in check, longs enough for Godfrey of Bouillon and the other princes to come and help them. In the crusade Adhemar was always recognized as the spiritual leader of the crusade. He fought a crucial role in the Battle of Dorylaeum and was responsible for sustaining the morale during the Siege of Antioch by doing several religious rites include fasting and special observances of holy days. However it could be considered that good military tactics were a key...
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...society and Malala wants to change that. Malala is a very strict Muslim but she is also a great example of Christian Service. Christian Service is something that Christians do to serve others and God, even if they are suffering. Even though Malala has been persecuted for fighting for what she believes in, she keeps fighting for herself and the other 6 million girls who do not get an education. Thesis: Malala, even though she is...
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...red eyes and so that way he might be able to determine whether he is on drugs or not. Over the next couple of nights the father observes his son looking in his eyes and checking if he is warm he also looks through all of his things when his son isn’t home, he sweeps the apartment for drugs without finding any. So he comes to the conclusion that it isn’t drugs it has to be something else because he is not showing any of the symptoms or behavioural acts associated with drugs. One day his father finds out that his son has started praying in his room so he invites him out for dinner to have chat with him. At the restaurant he orders some alcohol, only to find out that his son now starts lecturing him on how he should follow the Koran as a Muslim. His son tells him that he is becoming to integrated in the western society and that is a problem the...
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...Hate and intolerance are a highly present force in today’s society. One is merely not looked upon as a person, a human; they are persecuted and unaccepted for beliefs that differ from the majority. I am one of those people, a political refugee, and that of Muslim faith. Merely a boy of 15, my family and I sought out political asylum in the United States from religious persecution that was ever present in India, my home. Anti-Muslim riots were a constant presence in my small town and at times the terror was overwhelming. As echoing angry chanting ventured closer, we huddled together in fear, remaining silent, while radical hate enforced mobs rampaged through the streets at night, attacking innocent civilians, destroying property, and ransacking...
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...Research Essay: Ramadan In this descriptive research essay, I will outline the history, characteristics and purposes, and festivals immediately following Ramadan (Eid-al Fitar, and Shawwal), the Islamic month of fasting. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar- lasts 29 or 30 days- and all Muslims who can participate are expected to fully stop such activities as eating, drinking, smoking and having sexual relations from dawn until sunset. I will examine the historical aspects of Ramadan including how and when Ramadan first appeared in Islam. In addition, I will discuss the practices that are associated with the holy month of Ramandan and the significances of such practices. Finally, I will discuss the festivals that follow the completion of Ramadan. As previously mentioned, Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and all able Muslims who participate are expected to abstain from eating, drinking, smoking and having sexual relations from dawn until sunset. Ramandan is considered an holy month for muslims since it is considered the the month in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Mohammed by God through the archangel Gabriel. This is revealed in a passage in the Quran that states “ Ramadan is the month in which the Qur'an was sent down as guidance to humankind..” (Q. 2:183, 185). In addition, the Qur' an states that “fasting has been written down upon you (is mandatory), as it was upon those before you”. According to the...
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...Liberties such as the right to be free from surveillance, to practice a religion without the interference of the government and the freedom of association, are all violated (Aziz, 2014). Fourth, it is argued that it helps to perpetuate the stereotype of the “terrorist-other” rather than abolishing it (Aziz, 2014). Community policing as a counter-terrorism strategy namely primarily focuses on Muslim communities as the ‘suspect community’. This only tends to give even more rise to Islamophobia. Increasingly, Muslims are victim of racial abuse. Women are being spat on for wearing a hijab, their headscarves get ripped off in public, Mosques are being vandalized and so on (Sumpter, 2016). Fifth, community policing as a counter-radicalization strategy turns being part of a religious community as it were into a crime, differentiating “good Muslims” from “bad Muslims” rather than terrorists from civilians (Mamdani, 2002). The differentiation made between “good Muslim/bad Muslim” is based on an individual’s willingness to cooperate with the police and share intelligence about their community (Aziz,...
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...Punjab Region between India and Pakistan. When comparing the factual data like number of followers and geographical distribution, it becomes clear that Islam is the heavyweight of the two. Islam with it’s over one billion followers of many different ethnicities and nationalities is the second largest religion in the world. Sikhism is the fifth largest with about 20 million followers. Geographically the difference is even bigger: while Islam is the dominating religion in an area reaching from North & Western Africa all the way to Indonesia, Sikhism is locally very concentrated in the Punjab Region covering parts of Eastern Pakistan and Northwest India with Diaspora concentrations in the US and in the United Kingdom. The cause of this discrepancy is the fact that Islam is a universalist religion and is very actively seeking converts. Sikhism is more of an ethnic religion, which lacks this trait, even though it is principally open to converts. Both religions are strictly monotheistic at their cores. Muslims, the followers of Islam, believe in Allah or God being the one and only God who is the essence of everything. Their holy book, the Qur’an , which was revealed to the Prophet Mohammed in the 7th century CE, is considered to be God’s direct word. The Prophet Mohammed is considered the founder of Islam, but does not have divine status. Sikhism was founded in the 16th century by Guru Nanak in Punjab. It is based on his teachings and the nine Gurus that followed him. It’s main scipture...
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...In a recent survey that was conducted at Blue Valley West, one of the outrageous responses quoted from a student overheard “people in Jag saying that they don't trust Muslims or that the Muslim Student Association is a ‘terrorist training area’” (Google Form). These ideas stem from a misunderstanding of the many different religions within Blue Valley West. The Muslim Student Association is sponsored by Mrs. Garcia, a social studies teacher at Blue Valley West. In a recent interview, Mrs. Garcia said, “the Muslim faith is not understood by others, which is why we have this club to educate others about the Muslim faith” (Garcia). The disrespect that occurs within our school about religion diversity is not acceptable, which is why something must be done to stop the religious discrimination. One of the survey responses also reported that students overheard jokes about several religions, such as sweeping Jew’s ashes from the Holocaust and all Catholics being homophobic (Google Form). The religious stereotypes placed on students of faith at Blue Valley West is not only insensitive, but includes a lack of respect for religious...
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...Halal means and not by stealing, robbing or illicit means and includes the processing and storing methods. DEFINITION UNDER TRADE DESCRIPTION ACT • Apart from this, the 'Halal' definition is also described under the Trade Description Act (APD) 1972. • According to the Trade Description Order (Use of Expression Halal) 1975, the 'Halal' definition covers things not made of, or containing any part or substance from animals which are forbidden to be consumed by Muslims, according to Islamic laws. • It also means that anything Halal should not contain any substances that are declared as filth according to Islamic Laws. • At the same time it is not prepared, processed or manufactured using equipment which are not free from filthy substances as directed by Islamic Laws Different People, Different Views Different opinions about and definitions for halal cosmetics were encountered. • “Even as they lean towards western-style products and lifestyles, many Muslims increasingly make choices that reassert their identity as Muslims and respect their ummah (community), the Qu’ran and sharia principles. Many consciously seek out products with an Islamic brand.” • Although the existing awareness of Halal cosmetics is still low, there has been increasing level of awareness concerning Halal cosmetics, and consumers who are...
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...Death of Osama bin Laden: Effect on Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda, a terrorist organization, boasts of a globe-spanning conglomerate with franchises far and wide. Unfortunately, the organization was dealt a blow when their founding father, Osama bin Laden, was killed in an operation by U.S. commandos in the military garrison city of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Though the death of Osama was a setback to Al-Qaeda, the group is still classified as a “Foreign Terrorist Organization” by the U.S. State Department, “Proscribed Group” by the UK Home Office, and “Terrorist Group” by the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy. The killing of the man who was charged with running the organization for many years had an effect on its leadership and image (Lüsted, 2012). Osama Bin Laden had achieved mythic status as a symbol of international terrorism. Indeed, as the leader of Al-Qaeda, Osama declared war on the US and its allies. He organized and coordinated the attack of the USS Cole in the 1990s, US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, 9/11 attacks, and other attacks in Bali, Madrid and London. The killing of Bin Laden, therefore, had symbolic and informational ramifications on the group. The killing of his deputies, Atiyah al-Rahman, whom he relied on to plan and execute the terrorist acts, dealt a further blow. The organization continues to suffer from the loss of their top leaders. The organization has not succeeded to find a suitable replacement with enough charisma such as Osama...
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