...In recent years, an often topic debated is that what fundamental problems British society is concerning, such as life, legal security, health, education, employment, standard of living, care and support, power and voice. Both immigration and youth unemployment are two problems being the most noteworthy in the UK. These issues have detrimental effects on many sections in Britain, such as culture, jobs and security The Executive Summary is identified by Equality and Human Rights (2014). In order to demonstrate this view, the essay will be started with the background of immigration and youth unemployment in a few years recently. Then we shall consider the adverse effects of two problems in British society, and then either immigration or youth...
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...The Employment Outlook for Youth: Building Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as a Way Forward ---- An Essay --- Peter Vogel College of Management of Technology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Odyssea 4.15 Station 5, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, peter.vogel@epfl.ch Since the outbreak of the recent financial crisis we have experienced some of the highest rates of youth unemployment in history. If we want to avoid branding the young people as a “Lost Generation”, we need to act quickly. One important active labor market strategy to solve the youth unemployment crisis is entrepreneurship, helping them turn into job creators rather than job seekers. Entrepreneurship has received significant attention over the past decade with a rapid and often uncoordinated increase in entrepreneurship support programs. These constitute a major part of entrepreneurial ecosystems. In order to build effective entrepreneurial ecosystems, we need to understand the components and assessment indices of such ecosystems. This essay proposes a new conceptual framework describing entrepreneurial ecosystems. The proposed framework is expected to support policymakers and practitioners in setting up new entrepreneurial ecosystems and serve as a basis for future research. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, Youth Unemployment, Next Generation Introduction An economic and labor market crisis has plagued the world since 2008. The labor market slowdown is dramatic with a current deficit of...
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...INTRODUCTION In recent years, the world has experienced a significant increase in the numbers of unemployed people. This has happened when the world in general; has experienced a steady increase in the number of students graduating at different levels of education and training. As a result; the number of educated people that are unemployed has increased steadily over the past two decades. Japan is one of today’s largest manufacturing economies. Starting from the early 1990s; Japan experienced economic recession that led to a dramatic decline in company positions available for prospective high school and university graduates. This was the start to an end of a favorable situation for the young Japanese job seekers, which had prevailed for a long time; and presented a great opportunity for most of these young job seekers to acquire permanent employment. During the same period, there was a great increase in the number of young people engaging in various unstable forms of employment, for instance, temporary part time workers referred to as “freeters.” “Freeters” is an expression in Japanese; for people who lack full time employment with the exception of students and housewives. These freeters earn their income from low skilled thus low paid jobs. In 1982, japan had approximately 0.5 million freeters, by 1987 the number had risen to 0.8 million, and 1.01 million in 1992. The estimates for 1997 were 1.5 million, 4.17 in 2001, and 2 million in 2002. Between the years 2000 and2009,...
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...Crime Trends Crime trends have changed drastically throughout the years. Criminal activity has always been a challenging task to evaluate and monitor. What is a crime trend? A crime trend is defined as a significant change in the nature of selected crime types within a defined geographical area and time period (U.S. Legal, 2001). Crime trends tend to increase and decrease for different reason throughout the years. The essay will discuss the crime trend in America and the reason for a decline in 1999. In 1999 there were several reasons that could be the cause for a decrease in crime trends. Unemployment rates were low in 1999, in fact at the time rates had not been seen as low since 1969. There was also an increase in new jobs; under President Clinton administration the economy added 245,000 jobs per month. When President Clinton took office in 1992 the unemployment rate was at 7.5%, by 1999 the rate had dropped to 4.0%. Employment showed a promising reason for a decrease in crime (The Clinton-Gore Economic Record, 2000). Throughout the years researchers have been noticing when the economy is good it seem to reduce the amount of crime that happens. In the article Crime and Unemployment, the author refers to a study conducted in the United States that showed unemployment as a reason behind higher homicide rates and suicides; the study was conducted from 1940-1984. The study included five socio economic variables unemployment rates, gross national product...
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...and impertinent details of the recent observation that 54% of 18 to 24-year-olds are unemployed, I have decided to develop short subtopics that will help look where the issue is coming from. The main purpose of the survey is to identify demographics of the given 54% so that any research in the future can even further identify certain demographics. To collect accurate information, it is recommended that the survey is kept short regarding how many topics we have, the topics should be relevant, and language should be common to the population of the survey. Trending shows that youth who experience unemployment will likely enter unemployment repeatedly throughout their career. The fact that youth unemployment continues to rise in the U.S. and is now at its all-time high should raise suspicion and create a need for further research. Recession...
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...Global Employment Trends 2012 Preventing a deeper jobs crisis INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Global Employment Trends 2012 / International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2012 1 v. ISBN 978-92-2-124924-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-124925-2 (web pdf) International Labour Office employment / unemployment / labour force participation / economic recession / developed countries / developing countries 13.01.3 Also available in French, Tendances mondiales de l’emploi 2012 (978-92-2-224924-4), Geneva, 2012, and Spanish, Tendencias Mundiales del Empleo 2012 (978-92-2-324924-3), Geneva, 2012. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed...
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...In recent years there has been a trend towards decentralization and deregulation in Australia’s economy through means of selling government owned assets, implementing trade agreements between other countries which enable trade liberalization, and a decrease of government intervention in the domestic Australian market. Although there are many positive impacts such as increased international trade, increased competition and an overall increase in economic growth, this has been coupled with issues such as increased domestic unemployment, a heavier reliance on other countries for domestic growth and an increase in economic inequality. To deal with these economic issues the government employs countercyclical strategies that are designed to resolve or minimize these issues. Such examples of current strategies that the government has employed are: a contractionary fiscal policy which attempts to decrease government spending in inefficient sectors in order to increase long term economic growth, investment in infrastructure, attempting to increase the incentive for employment of those over the age of 50 through subsidies, and reducing the incentive for welfare payments. Unemployment is an on going and current issue as the short and long term prospects seem uncertain in the globalized economy. Possible reasons as to why in recent months the unemployment rate was at its highest since the global financial crisis are: a shift in production patterns, a decrease in demand for labour and...
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...as listed in the course profile. Tasks to be undertaken: • Get a good understanding of GDP, unemployment, monetary policy, fiscal policy, and economic growth covering chapters 9-13 (macroeconomics) • Read the case study on- ‘Go get a job, says Costello’ • Make notes, which will help you to answer the questions by applying the theory to real life example of economics at work. • Apply the DADA (Definitions, Assumption, Diagram and Analysis) while answering the economic questions. On campus students will be attempting some exercises in the workshop sessions. Off campus students should attempt weekly activities from the textbook boxed case studies. These exercises will help and guide you how to think like an economist. Look for theory and apply it to real life examples from “Case Study. • Plagiarism is an issue. Make sure you include in-text references and provide a reference list. • The focus of your task for this assignment in the next four weeks is to elicit and apply economic concepts and theory to the problem of unemployment discussed in the case. It is important to understand the types, causes and effect (economic and non-economic) of unemployment on the productivity (GDP) of the economy. • Conduct research (find related articles) relevant to the problem of unemployment, types, causes and economic and non-economic cost of unemployment on the economy, issue of youth...
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...617 as of July 2014. The population growth rate is currently 1.09% (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). Australia is comprised of six separate regions that are call states, and each state has their own capital. Australia’s economy has been quite strong over the years. They have experienced continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, as well as very low public debt (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). However Australia’s economic growth has been slower than expected these past few years. Between the months of July and September 2014, Australia reported a weaker-than-expected economic growth (BBC, 2014). A major cause of this inadequate growth is due to a large drop off in mining investments. Coal and iron ore are two of Australia’s biggest exports, and decreased prices have negatively affected economic growth. Analysts have reported that the gross domestic product numbers means that the nation’s economy is going below trend, and that the decline of the mining investment would be a major hurdle for the economy for up to the next two years (BBC, 2014). The Reserve Bank of Australia has always had record low interest rates, but many fear that this recent lack of economical growth could put pressure on...
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...26/10/2010 Employment and Unemployment A2 Economics, Autumn 2010 Measuring Unemployment • A Working Definition of Unemployment – People able, available and willing to find work and actively seeking work – but not employed • The Claimant Count Measure – The number of people claiming the Jobseekers’ Allowance – a monthly headcount of the unemployed • The Labour Force Survey – Must have actively sought work in the previous four weeks and be available to start work immediately – A large sample – but subject to sampling error – This is the government’s preferred measure – The basis for cross-country comparisons 1 26/10/2010 Unemployment in thein the UK Unemployment UK Economy Unemployed people aged 16-59 (women) / 64 (men), seasonally adjusted 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 90 Labour Force Survey Claimant Count 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 06 08 10 Source: Labour Force Statistics per cent of the labour force 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 Changes in the world of work 2 26/10/2010 Flows in the Labour Market Employed Labour force New hires Recalls R ll Job-losers Lay-offs Quits Unemployed Retiring Temporarily leaving l i Taking a job Out of the labour force Discouraged workers Re-entrants New entrants Types of Unemployment • Seasonal Unemployment – Regular seasonal changes in employment / labour demand – Unemployment data is usually given a seasonal adjustment to reflect this – Not a major concern...
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...Acrobat , A 2010,Youth homelessness and leaving home, viewed 29 July 2013 , < http://www.kidshelp.com.au/grownups/search.php?cx=007603506358546808182%3Axcui-wlofrm&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&q=Youth+homelessness+and+leaving+home+ > This report shows the situation of homelessness youth in Australia recently with the analysis of this condition and some of the solutions have been implemented. In recent years, among the whole population of homelessness in Australia, youth occupied 43% of total. Those youth whose parents haunted by cancer are the main parts of homelessness youth which account for 12%. 21 percentage of Teenagers between 12 to 18 years old who are living alone, and the rest 10% were 19 to 24 years olds' young adults. The report states the main factors, which made Australian youth homelessness including taking in drugs, lack of nutrition, sickness without medicine to cure, forced sexual practices and poor protections. Those homeless youth's experiences may influence their physical and mental health. When they get homelessness, the negative effects can last a long time and be very complicated. Those negative impacts can cause the growth of social rejection's possibility. This report data all came from a true research from the public website www.kidhelp.com which means these data had already been shown to the public. Such as age from 18 to 25 young homeless adults occupied 65.3% in the whole groups of homelessness youth. Also, this report were...
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...Productive Safety Net Program Technical and Vocational Education and Training Universal Electricity Access Program iii Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................ iv PART ONE Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General introduction ……………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Population, its Profile and Dynamics............................................................................ 2 1.3 The Relationship between Economic Growth, Employment and Poverty Reduction .. 3 1.4 Nature and Incidence of Employment/Unemployment ................................................ 6 1.4.1 Trends in...
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...Page 1 Contents Page………………………………………………………Page 2 Questions...…………………………………………………………Page 3 Part One…………………………………………………………….Pages 4-9 Part Two…………………………………………………………….Pages 10-15 Bibliography……………………………………………………….Pages 16-21 Questions Country Case Study You are required to write a 2000 word report which provides a critical assessment of the labour market of a particular country. You will be allocated the country in the seminar in week 1. If you have not attended this seminar, then you need to consult the module leader to obtain the country you will cover. Part 1 of the report (worth 40% of the marks) requires you to provide a statistical profile of your allocated country’s labour market and present an overview of the most important trends and developments in this country’s labour market over the past decade. Part 2 of the report (worth 60% of the marks) requires you to provide a critical review of the particular situation in your country of NEETs – young people not in employment, education or training. Specifically, using appropriate economic concepts, you should analyse the causes and consequences of being NEET. Your analysis should also critically comment on existing policy solutions and make relevant proposals to improve future policy directions. Part 1: ‘A labour market can be understood as the mechanism through which human labour is bought and sold as a commodity and the means by which labour demand (the number...
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...Historical Background Unemployment as a concept has attracted large coverage both domestically and internationally. It has been the most persistent and unmanageable problem facing both developed and developing nations of the world. The fact remains that a hundred percent employment exist in no nation of the world. All nations experience at least a minute proportion if not large rate of unemployment and a major macroeconomic goal of most if not all nations is to combat unemployment problems in their economies. Unemployment has been categorized as one of the serious impediments to social welfare. Apart from representing a colossal waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates welfare loss in terms of lower output, thereby leading to lower income and wellbeing. The need to avert the negative effects of unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problem to feature very prominently in the development objectives of many developing countries. One of the steps taken by the Nigerian government to reduce the problem of unemployment in Nigeria was the establishment of National Directorate of Employment (NDE). Unemployment has been defined as the absence of a job by an able bodied person. It is a term often denoting the percentage of people in the labour force who are not working. The concept of unemployment is not an entirely new one in Nigeria. Patrick Koshoni, (2005), a former Labour Minister has this to say “The problem of mass unemployment is not new, it has been...
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...TERM PAPER UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS SITUATION IN ASIA Submitted to: Sir Abdul Farooq Submitted by: Muzammil Shahid (10) Ifzal Ahmed (09) Hajra Fazal(29) Adeel Abid(08) (F005-BBA) Date: 11, December 2006 Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Statement of problem 3 1.2 Objectives of Study 6 1.3 Methodology and source 7 1.4 Organization 7 2. Review of literature 8 3. Analysis of Data 23 3.1 Global Causes of Unemployment 23 ...
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