...decentering their culture. The Europeans were determined to pose their will on the weaker civilizations and claim these territories as part of their own. Analyze and interpret the following quotation: “Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities—not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture. The late 19th and early 20th century produced western cultures that inherited modern technology, communication, and a strong military presence. The growth of these western cultures both politically and economically influenced other cultures. As the western cultures continued to strengthen, other cultures began to fear the power the western cultures were gaining. The non-Western cultures did not want to circum to these Western cultures because they had their own values and own way of thinking. The non-Western cultures were not ready for a decentering of their own culture which ultimately would have these cultures losing their identities. (Agatucci, 2010) In the later nineteenth century and early twentieth century, what would a “decentering” of culture have meant for a given cultural group? Globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth century was a key factor of the decentering of non western cultures. The influence of the western cultures...
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...Non-Western Cultures Unit 4 Individual Project Amanda Waterhouse January 29, 2012 Abstract Interpretation The meaning of, “Worldwide, non-western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities-not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture” (Sayre, 2010), Sayre is saying that Western cultures have begun to lose their identities that brought them over from native countries. Almost every culture that migrated to the US brought some kind of their culture with them. Even though some only came with only clothes and nothing else. They came here to hoping to fill their dreams and for a better life. Cultural Identities Culture identity is perception of oneself and they group they ma belong to. This can be influenced or inherited. Culture and belief is a big identity in most culture. There are many identities that identify a culture. Some examples of those identities are clothing, music, food, religion, language etc. (http://www.digitrends.com/crossingcultures/iden.htm) Meaning of “decentering” of a Culture Non-western cultures in the late ninetieth, early twentieth century were influenced by western cultures due to globalization. During the twentieth century, such as technology of music, media, traditions, communication progress the culture felt overwhelmed. Technology had begun growing and modernizes to the times. Music and literature has been passed down from generation to generation. Impact of Western or European Cultures ...
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...life of a people consisting of aspects such as language, religion, music, clothing, food, traditions, customs and values. Typically, in any given culture, these aspects of culture are centered on a handful of basic foundational beliefs or values. In colonial America, for example, culture was centered on the concepts of religious freedom, individualism, a strong work ethic, and family. All aspects of culture were shaped by these core values. They provided the "center" upon which the society and its worldview were established. “World wide, non western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities- not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture” (Sayre,2010, p.419). The recentering of culture could be described as adding more or intensifying the original values, norms, family configurations and other aspects of culture. On the other hand, the decentering of culture implies removing old values and adding new thoughts, philosophies ie changing old patterns for newer methods. Almost all non-Western cultures have been influenced by the mores of the West, including countries in Asia. In general, this means that many of these cultures are becoming influenced by Western cultures, namely that of America. For example, in many Asian nations McDonalds and other American influences like Starbucks and clothing stores are coming to their countries. They are being influenced by Western culture...
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...ABSTRACT "Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities-not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture.” This quotation may be taken to mean something different for both cultures; namely, the United States and Japan. Much of this has been influenced by worldwide events that happened following the 19th century in both countries. Both nations have since prospered, and we are currently seeing a joining of both cultures. In fact, neither the West nor the Eastern country of Japan may be distinguished one from the other any longer. They have truly made the most of this new global environment where we find ourselves today. Almost all non-Western cultures have been influenced by the mores of the West, including countries in Asia. In general, this means that many of these cultures are becoming influenced by Western cultures, namely that of America. For example, in many Asian nations McDonalds and other American influences like Starbucks and clothing stores are coming to their countries. They are being influenced by Western culture, hence the "decentering of culture." What’s more, I spent some time in Japan a few years ago and was surprised to see such a preponderance of Western society in an area that was so far from home. However, the decentralization of Asian culture may go both ways, meaning that although we in the U.S. have influenced Japan greatly, so have they made significant gains on our shores...
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...considered everyday life and tradition began to change dramatically or destroyed. The European influence on non-western society began a cultural shift to the European culture in more of a decentering, rather than reclamation to its own culture. Keywords: Culture, decentering, westernization. Introduction The non-western cultures faced many changes through the beginning of the twentieth century. Slavery and Christianity was a huge part in those changes. Centering of culture results in a change in one’s own culture. As the world began to modernize, cultures began to become part of the civilization that was thrust upon them. “Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities—not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture.” The word westernization equates to transformation to the modern ways of the world, or modernization. One must be able to distinguish the two terms. Modernization is an overhaul of the current society. Prior to the Europeans, the only other contibutors to the modernization of Africa were the Arabs. The Arab nations introduced Islam to the African culture ("Westernization - Africa,"n.d.). Through the late nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century, Western Cultures began to modernize technology, communication and expand their armed forces. Western culture had been given political power, accompanied by economic gains from outside culture. As Western culture exploded, others were held in...
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...Eyleen G. Rivera MGMT415: Global Operations Management IP Unit 1: PPQ Parts Company October 5, 2012 Issues that the host foreign country could face as a result of the expansion. PPQ Parts is a company in the auto parts industry. When PPQ Parts decides to expand their business to foreign countries, they will have to make many adjustments to be able to enter these different markets. It is important for the company to be aware of any environmental impact that the expansion may play regarding the host country. They could face issues related to landscaping and the use of water where the company operation is going to be located. Also, they might experience some impact on the wildlife from the incursion of new employees in the area. Also, the company unconsciously could cause conflict with the local population with the introduction of new workers and their families. Schools and communities where the company is based may also experience changes from the addition of new people into the population. Also they might experience problems related to the foreign nature of the interaction between the new staff and the current members of the community where PPQ decides to set up the shop to sell their merchandise. All of the above factors and many more need to be the first thing in the mind of the management of PPQ so when the time comes they know how to approach and solve any difficulties before they become overwhelming to the people of the host country. (Global HR News) What cultural...
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...In 2008 when the global economy took a turn for the worst Canada managed to come out on top. This is thanks to the export of natural resources and commodities. The Canadian government immediately took charge and start making budget cuts in order to have a full recovery by 2015. (D.R., 2011) Canada has a large threat in its path; its dependence on the outside world. Canada fared much better than was expected while other countries throughout the world declined and fell into a recession. There are nine specific key indicators that are important to consider when talking about Canadian economy. These are employment, unemployment, composite leading index, housing starts, consumer price index, real gross domestic product, retail sales volume, merchandise exports, and merchandise imports. (Statistics Canada, 2011) Employment and Unemployment In November 2011 the unemployment rate was set at 7.4%. The average unemployment rate in Canada from 1976 to 2010 was 8.53. (Trading Economics, 2011)The employment force is the number of people employed plus the number of people looking for employment. (Trading Economics, 2011) Unemployment includes those not looking for work, people in the military, and people institutionalized. (Trading Economics, 2011) Canada was able to add 93,000 jobs in June 2011, in effect dropped the unemployment rate to below the 8% mark. The gains in the labour force will offset nearly all of the losses that were a result of the downturn in 2008. (Contenta...
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...“If there is anything more than evident than my success as a businessman, it is my faithfulness to the word of God.” - Cecilio K. Pedro, TOYM Awardee for Entrepreneurship, 1991 Filipinos Go Global: Cecilio K. Pedro Krish Rainjit R. Salas Faced with a great Goliath in life, this businessman turned to his master for help and wisdom. The story of Cecilio K. Pedro and the Lamoiyan Corporation, makers of Hapee Toothpaste is a triumph of faith over adversity. Cecilio Pedro is President and General Manager of Lamoiyan Corporation which not only produces one of the top three toothpaste brands in the country, already being exported to Europe and Asia, but also manufactures detergents, fabric softener and other household care products that enjoy significant market shares in the Philippines. Mr. Pedro is a recipient of many awards, among them, the Agora Award for Marketing Excellence in 1993, the Dr. Jose P. Rizal Award in 2002, and the Aurelio Periquet, Jr. Business Leadership Award in 2003. A devout Born-again Christian, he is very active in his Church and has been involved in many socio-civic causes. He was President of the Manila Jaycees from 1992 to 1993 and President of the JCI Asia-Pacific Jaycee Senate in 2003. Everything can be an opportunity If there is an entrepreneur who does not have the word "loss" in his vocabulary because he believes that anything and everything can be an opportunity, it is Cecilio Pedro. Further, he has shown how an opportunity can transform...
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...STRATEGIES FOR COMPETING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: A GLOBAL INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Why Companies Expand into Foreign Markets Companies opt to expand outside their domestic market for any of four major reasons: * To gain access to new customers, raw materials, capital, skills and expertise – expanding into foreign firms offers the potential for increased revenues, profits, and long term growth even more so when home markets are mature. * To achieve lower costs and enhance the firm’s competitiveness - Sales volume from one country isn’t enough to fully capture manufacturing economies of scale. * To capitalize on its core competencies - A company with a competitively valuable competency or capability might be able to leverage themselves and make this competency work in a foreign market, too. * To spread its business risk across a wider market base - Companies may move abroad to diversify their risk associated with being in a single economy (e.g. foreign exchange risk, political risk). If the economy in one area falls, the firm might be ok in different economic markets. In addition to why companies expand into foreign markets, there are four other situational considerations unique to international operations: * Country to Country Cost Variations – Differences in wage rates, workers productivity, inflations rates, energy costs, tax rates, government regulations, etc crate sizeable variations in manufacturing costs from country to country. Plants in some countries...
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...analysis of risks. Although not being extremely profitable in the first year, they continued to market and drive their business to success, matching risk with profit. Having a diverse workforce to handle global market. Worked together using their background and talents acting as an entrepreneurial team. Thinking about the environment to reduce waste and utilize the internet and technology (e-commerce). Hired smartly and trained to work more efficient and independently. Globalized their market more increase revenue and profit. Aware of each stakeholder. Didn’t borrow any money to start business Demand capital, good idea, planned, information management, budgeted and accounting, marketing, and employee relations with diversity and globalization. Managerial know-how! * Who are the stakeholders of iContact and how are their needs balanced by the company? Stakeholders include: Well trained and diversified employees including Ryan and Aaron, customers (small businesses impacting large businesses), environmentalists, surrounding community of N. Carolina, stockholders if any, web supplier or internet team? Needs are balanced because the two serve stakeholders in side and outside the business, social responsible and seem to have efforts balancing competing values and interests. Involved more than just the owners to increase vision of the company-diversification for customer satisfaction and increased profit. The two know the needs of the organization and to fill the...
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...Globalization – McDonald’s as a corporation has over 33,000 restaurants worldwide, in 119 countries, and serves over 64 million customers a day (About McDonald's. 2010). These figures alone are evidence that globalization is a very important goal for this business. McDonald’s company mission is to improve their social and environmental performance, and work towards a sustainable future (About McDonald's. 2010). McDonald’s global strategy is called “Plan to Win”, in which the company centers on People, Products, Place, Price, and Promotion (About McDonald's. 2010). This strategy has earned them the number one place in global foodservice retailers. As with all companies, globalization can be impacted by both external and internal sources. With McDonald’s now found worldwide, the sheer number of external influences that can affect the management team rises exponentially. With international business, the management team must look at different cultures, different advertising strategies, different economies, and possibly even different product lines to entice customers from many different countries. This can put an extreme amount of pressure on a management team to make sure that all four functions are adapted to the location of the business. With each location in a global environment, the strategy of planning, organizing, leading and controlling, would have to adapt to each site. This means that from the executive level, to the front...
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...Introduction The United States workforce will be influenced in the next 20 years by several forces. The big shift in U.S. population size and composition (diverse, aging); advanced technology; globalization; and environmental and resources pressures. Technological advances and globalization are changing the way the workplace is structured, and creating a greater demand for less traditional and more flexible working arrangements. U.S. organizations to be able to respond effectively to globalization, and technological advances challenges, must have a workforce with greater range of experience, knowledge, and skills. Effective diversity management, skills development, and workplace training is very essential to stay competitive in a global environment. In addition increase labor productivity will be required to keep pace with global competitors. Environmental pressures, especially climate change and natural resources, will be another powerful force impacting the U.S. job market in the next 20 years. There are several factors that will influence the United States workforce in the next 10 years. Aging population, technology advances, and global competition. According to the bureau of labor statistics, the percentage of older workers (age 55 and over) will increase significantly, while those age (25-54) will decline, as well as those age (16-24)? Between the years 2005 and 2010, the population of (65-69) years old will rise by 17% and then explode...
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...In the 1990s, Singapore aspired to be a "global city" serving world markets and major multinational corporations. In 1965 Singapore became independence country. The lion city had become a manufacturing center with one of the highest incomes in the region and a persistent labor shortage Singapore was characterized by an export-oriented economy, relatively equitable income distribution, trade surpluses with the United States and other developed countries. Singapore is a small island had no resources other than its strategic location and the skills of its nearly 2.7 million people. In 1988 it claimed a set of economic superlatives, including the world's busiest port, the world's highest rate of annual economic growth (11 percent), and the world's highest savings rate (42 percent of income). Singapore is found that lived by international trade and operated as a free port with free markets. Its small population and dependence on international markets meant that regional and world markets were larger than domestic markets. In1988 the value of Singapore's international trade was more than three times its gross domestic product ( GDP). The country's year-to-year economic performance fluctuated unpredictably with the cycles of world markets, which were beyond the control or even the influence of Singapore's leaders. In periods of growing international trade.In 1985-1986, Singapore could reap great gains, but even relatively minor downturns in world trade could produce deep recession...
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...Nike Corporation is one of the largest marketers of athletic apparel and sportswear equipment in the world and was founded in Beaverton, Oregon, in 1964 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman. According to Nike.com (2009) it had record earnings of 19.2 billion dollars and continues to grow at a steady pace. Nike sold its products in a 140 countries and successfully discovered that manufacturing its products was not the only method to successfully produce the results it was looking for but instead marketing and designing its products and contracting the manufacturing out to global factories 600 throughout the country. With the company’s success come painful lessons learned along the way. This paper will describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that Nike Corporation faced as a result of its global business ventures. In addition, it will touch on the roles the host governments played in manufacturing Nike’s products and will summarize the strategic and operational challenges that Nike Managers face in dealing with the interworking of global business. Nike as well as other global companies in the industry has the option to manufacture their products domestically or internationally in either situation there are challenges. If a company chose to the domestic approach it could potentially be more expensive, however, the organization and its manufacturing facility contractors would have to adhere to U.S. labor and safety laws in the areas of wages, code of conduct, working...
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...has formulated a specific expansion strategy in the past based on its particular market situation. Both Daewoo and Hyundai now look to international global expansion for future success. Expansion & Supply Chain The direct competition with each other in the Korean car market had an enormous influence on each firm’s past globalization strategies. The Korean automobile industry has been dominated by Hyundai since the 1970’s. By 1993, Hyundai had established a 50% market share in the Korean market, whereas Daewoo only held 20% (Bowon, 2005, p. 148). In 1993, Hyundai also enjoyed 58% of the market share of automobile exports by Korean companies, whereas Daewoo’s exporting efforts had failed (Bowon, 2005, p. 148). Moving forward from 1993, Daewoo and Hyundai took into account their competitive position against each other when deciding how to conduct their global expansion strategy. “Daewoo focused on expeditiously achieving economies of scale by targeting the East European markets for its overseas capacity expansion, in a way to overcome its manufacturing cost disadvantage in the domestic market vis-à-vis Hyundai's. . . Hyundai's globalization strategy, exporting supported by technological advancement, was driven by an implicit assumption of its competitive advantage vis-à-vis Daewoo's” (Kim, Bowon. Supply Chain...
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