...Total Blood Cell Count white blood cells (WBS) red blood cells (RBC) Introduction Blood volume consists of almost 95% erythrocytes ,which are produced primarily in the bone marrow and perform a vital function in the body, providing cells with oxygen for correct functioning, erythrocytes consist of the protein heamoglobin composed of 4 heam subunits, each carry oxygen forming oxyheamoglobin, this forms the basis of oxygen transport(kennedy, sachacki and hocking, 2008). WBC`s form about 1% of blood volume, they are much smaller and there are a variety of different types which differ slightly in structure and function,...
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...function. The heart pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood each day to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells who need it to function ("Your Heart and Blood Vessels."). The process of the formation of new blood cells is hematopoiesis. During this process, new blood cells are made at a rate equal to the amount of cells being destroyed. Red blood cells need to be replaced because they have a limited lifespan of around 120 days (Lichtin). Most blood cells are produced in bone marrow. These cells include white blood cells, red blood cells,...
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...something that is found within red blood cells known as protein molecules which transports oxygen to the cells around the body from the lungs. This molecule also transports carbon dioxide to the lungs from the cells around the body. The protein molecule consists of globulin chains with a total of four molecules which are all linked. Generally, the haemoglobin within adults consists of two alpha-globulin chains and two beta-globulin chains, however in fetuses, beta chains do not remain common and the molecule of haemoglobin consists of two alpha chains as well as two gamma chains, the same applies for infants. The transition stage between infant and adult cause’s beta chains to be present rather than gamma chains. The blood...
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...of what both anemia and chemotherapy is necessary. Once that understanding is clear, then the causes can be analyzed. From that analysis, treatments can be established. What is anemia? Generally speaking, anemia is a condition of low levels of red blood cells. Nutritional deficiency, chronic disease, and hemorrhage could all be particular causes. These conditions decrease the number of red blood cells and oxygen delivery to the cells and tissues. Anemia symptoms that a patient can experience are fatigue, energy loss, lightheadedness or dizziness, shortness of breath, headaches, pallor appearance, tachycardia and chest pain. There are many different types of anemia, such as iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, megaloblastic and hemolytic (Zelman, 2009). The classes that are the result of chemotherapy are iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease. The difference is the class is based on the type of cancer that is being treated. Iron deficiency anemia is when the body does not have enough iron. When that occurs, the body will make fewer red blood cells or the red blood cells are too small. Iron deficiency anemia is considered the most common form of anemia. Iron is the key to red blood cells. Without iron, blood can’t carry oxygen effectively. Anemia as a result of an inflammatory response is also known as chronic disease anemia. It is found in patients with certain long-term medical conditions. Chronic infections, inflammatory diseases, and other illnesses...
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...Blood Disorders Cindy Chapman Health and Diseases HVA/240 Lisa Shustack November 4, 2011 The purpose of plasma is to carry blood cells, suspended in it, and also serves as a transport system delivering various materials to and from the cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues around your body. It also gets waste carbon dioxide from your tissues to the lungs, where it can be breathed out. Platelets are to clot blood. They stop blood from flowing if a body part is cut. Plasma, red blood cells and platelets help the body run efficiently. If there is a problem with any one of these, the following scenarios may occur. Lily a 4 year old Caucasian female has iron deficiency anemia. Lily is only eating bread, pasta and hotdogs and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Anemia is when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Your body will make red blood cells that are too small or fewer red blood cells if your body does not have enough iron. This is called iron deficiency anemia. This is the most common anemia. Red blood cells bring oxygen to the body’s tissues. Healthy red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Iron is a key part of red blood cells. Without iron the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Your body normally gets iron through your diet and by reusing iron from old red blood cells (U.S. National Library...
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...Sickle-cell disease From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the disease itself. For the genetic transmission of sickle-cell disease and its carrier state, see sickle cell trait. Not to be confused with Sick cell syndrome. Sickle-cell disease Classification and external resources Figure (A) shows normal red blood cells flowing freely through veins. The inset shows a cross section of a normal red blood cell with normal haemoglobin. Figure B shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells log jamming, sticking and accumulating at the branching point in a vein. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickle cell with long polymerized HbS strands stretching and distorting the cell shape. ICD-10 D57 ICD-9 282.6 OMIM 603903 DiseasesDB 12069 MedlinePlus 000527 eMedicine med/2126 oph/490ped/2096 emerg/26emerg/406 MeSH C15.378.071.141.150.150 GeneReviews • Sickle-cell disease Sickle-cell disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) or drepanocytosis, is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickling decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various complications. The sickling occurs because of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene. Individuals with one copy of the defunct gene display both normal and abnormal haemoglobin. This is an example of codominance. Life expectancy is shortened. In 1994, in the US, the average life expectancy of persons with...
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...Blood Disorders Checkpoint ChiQuita L. Rousseau University of Phoenix. HCA/240 September 18, 2011 Lucretia M Wright * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Blood disorders affect most of the American population and three thee children in the scenarios are no different. The purpose of plasma, red blood cells and platelets are quite simple and help once body. Plasma according to a website (Blood Components) is a clear yellow tinted water , sugar protein and salt solution which carries the red cells and platelets. Plasma brings nourishment to them and removed the waste product metabolism. Plasma contains blood clotting factors sugars lipids, vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and others proteins. * Red blood cells purpose transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of body ad carry away dioxide. They also produce in the bone morrow at a rate that is believed to be 2 to 3 million cells per second. * Platelets (better known as thrombocytes) are fragments without nuclei that work with blood clotting chemicals at the site of wounds. Platelets release coagulating chemicals that cause clots I the blood that plug up the narrow blood vessels. * Now that we know what the plasma, red blood cells and platelets are I want to talk about three scenarios all three children have three different blood disorders with different signs and symptoms. Lily the four year old little girl is has...
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...Blood Disorders Shanna Strouble HCA/240 Jerrica Ampadu Blood is an important part of life and plays a vital role in the protection against infections, and the transportation of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. “Other functions of blood include: the transportation of hormones, the regulation of the body’s acidity levels, and body temperature.” (What is blood? What does blood do? September 12 2014. p1)Last updated: 12 Sep 2014 It is made up of several different portions of what is referred to as blood components. Those components consist of blood cells, blood plasma and platelets. There are two types of blood cells; red and white, with both having to major functions that are important to sustain life. The red blood cells help carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled. Due to a special protein called hemoglobin. They account for about 40-45 percent of the body's blood, which appears red because of its large number. There are two main populations of white blood cells, which are T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes help regulate the function of other immune cells and directly attack various infected cells and tumors. The B lymphocytes make antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials. Blood plasma is another crucial essential to life because it is the fluid that carries blood cells, palates and other components...
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...SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA Name: Institution: Introduction The sickle cell anaemia is a relentless hereditary kind of anemia in which a transmuted form of hemoglobin disfigures the red blood cells into a hemispherical outline at low oxygen levels (Sickle cell anaemia, 2015). The disorderedly affects individuals of the Caribbean, African as well as Asian origin, in the United Kingdom sickle cell disorders is mostly usually experienced in the Caribbean along with African persons. Consequently, this paper is going to talk about sickle cell anaemia along with alternate issues related to it. What causes sickle cell anaemia? Sickle cell anaemia is brought about by an alteration as well as uncharacteristic alteration in the gene that initiates the body to create hemoglobin. The sickle cell DNA is mostly inherited whereby it is conveyed from one generation to another in the family. To acquire sickle cell anaemia one must inherit the flawed DNA from mutually all the parents. Should one get the DNA from only one parent then this condition can be described as a sickle cell condition? There is a high chance that the person’s blood will have some sickle cell, and will also be able to generate the ordinary hemoglobin but not experience the signs of the disease. Conversely, the individual will be perceived as the carrier of sickle cell anaemia...
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...Sickle Cell Disorder Research Paper Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. It is the most common genetic disease in the U.S. An estimated 70,000-80,000 Americans have sickle cell disease. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What is sickle cell trait? A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children How do you get sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot "catch" it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell "trait"), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are: 1. Hemoglobin...
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...In professional cycling “blood doping” was reportedly performed by some of the athletes. Blood doping is the transfusion of one’s own blood back to oneself, when it is not needed. Thinking about the normal red blood cells, why would an individual do this procedure? What is the danger? Another method a cyclist might use is the administration of erythropoietin (EPO). Why would they use this as a medication? Red blood cells are the essential carrier of oxygen in the blood stream. When there is an abundance of red blood cells in the body, there is an increase in the supply of oxygen that can be delivered to muscle cells and tissues. When this occurs, the muscles can perform at a higher rate of efficiency and deliver power and strength. Because blood can come from the athlete themselves or from another person, there is a risk factor. If an athlete uses his or her own blood, they must undergo a blood withdraw, resulting in a potential shortage of blood, thus causing anemia. In the event that the blood comes from a third-party, communicable diseases and incompatibility can occur. Erythropoietin (EPO) is used by athletes to increase red blood cell counts as well. Erythropoietin is a type of protein that stimulates the production of red blood cells. EPO is a protein hormone produced by the kidneys. After being released into the bloodstream it binds with receptors in the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Using erythropoietin removes...
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...Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia is a condition where it’s not enough healthy red blood cells, which carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. Normally our Red Blood Cells are flexible and round and move easily through the blood vessels. In Sickle Cell Anemia, the red blood cells get rigid and Sticky and they become shaped like a little crescent moon. The irregularly shape cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which slows or blocks blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body. A way to tell how you have Sickle Cell Anemia is periodic pain, called crisis are a major symptom of Sickle Cell Anemia. This pain can last for hours or even weeks at a time. Painful swelling of hands and feet. Frequent...
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...Anemia is a condition which occurs when there is not enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells (RBC) and binds oxygen. If there is not enough hemoglobin, the cells in the body do not receive enough oxygen what can cause anemia. Anemia is one of the most common diseases of the blood. Increased risk of anemia relates to women, children and people with chronic diseases. The major cause of anemia is deficiency of iron. There is a variety of reasons causes anemia,such as : * Certain clinical effects, like bleeding from the intestine or gut * Coeliac and Crohn’s disease * Pregnancy * Heavy menstrual periods * Thalassaemia * Leukaemia * Bone marrow problems * Kidney failure * Rheumatoid arthritis * Hormonal troubles * Improper diet * Surgery * Injury or accident Most common symptom of anemia is weakness and fatigue. Person who is anemic can find it hard to do some activities that need physical strength ,and even into normal chores. The other symptoms and signs which can help in recognizing anemia are: * Palpitations * Cold hands and feet * Memory loss * Altered taste * Depression * Low blood pressure * Shortness of breath * Pale and dull skin * Sore gums and throat The main aim in treating anemia is rebuilding the supply of red blood cells in the body. To achieve this level we can incorporate different diet supplements...
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...Experiment CardiovasCular system Blood Cardiovascular System: Blood Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0007-02-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise 1: Observing Blood Questions A. What are the components of blood? Plasma, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells are the components of blood. B. What is the function of red blood cells? Red blood cells carry oxygen to your cells and remove carbon dioxide from your cells. A. C. List the five types of leukocytes and describe the function of each. Neurtophils are white blood cells that attack the infection before other white blood cells. Eosinophils are white blood cells that protect the body by killing and swallowing bacteria. Monocytes help with immune defense and rebuild damaged tissue. Basophils increase in numbers when the body has an infection and accumulate at the site of the infection. They help to increase blood flow and decrease inflammation. Lymphocytes are mostly responsible for helping the body’s immune system. They consist of B and T cells. B cells release antibodies into the body’s fluids and T cells directly attack viruses. www...
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