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Redis

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Redis
Es una solución de código abierto de almacenamiento de datos NoSQL de tipo clave-valor (key-value) persistententes que residen en memoria RAM y posteriormente invierte el conjunto de datos almacenados al disco duro.
Redis es sumamente veloz, esto debido a su sencilla estructura ausente de lógica relacional y su punto más importante, la base de datos está cargada en memoria, por ello sus altos niveles de velocidad. [33]
Redis dicha de una forma es una “Caché de datos con escritura”.

Figura 11. Arquitectura de Redis en un Sistema web.

Características: * Redis es un servidor, por lo que la comparación con sistemas de almacenaje de datos integrados como SQLite, Berkeley DB etc. No es posible, ya que Redis tiene comunicación a través de un protocolo y la red. [34]

* Redis es síncrono, por lo que para realizar un benchmark no se puede hacer sobre una sola y misma conexión, hay que habilitar varias conexiones hacia el servidor. [34]

* Redis está escrito en ANSI C y funciona en la mayoría de sistemas POSIX como Linux, BSD, Mac OS X. Redis es software libre bajo licencia BSD. [35]

* Redis se destaca por ser una base de datos con un rendimiento muy elevado, esto es porque se define como una base de datos en memoria con persistencia para datos (que puede ser desactivada).

Como trabaja Redis.

En sus raíces, Redis es un servidor de un solo subproceso. Esto significa Que un solo hilo lee conexiones entrantes utilizando un paradigma basado en eventos tales como consultas. Cuando ocurre un evento específico en un descriptor de archivo, los procesa y escribe de nuevo las respuestas. En el siguiente diagrama de secuencia UML muestra cómo se procesa la orden recibida por el cliente internamente por Redis: [35]

Figura 12. Diagrama UML del funcionamiento interno de redis.

Las solicitudes se gestionan mediante comandos. Los cuales se pueden leer en la tabla de comandos de acuerdo a los puertos del controlador de comandos y de ahí se invoca para realizar la acción deseada.

Funcionamiento Redis:

Redis más allá de ser una simple base de datos clave-valor cuenta con una gran cantidad de funcionalidad que la diferencias de las bases de datos convencionales. [36]

* Administración de conexiones al servidor (incluyendo autenticación)

* Operaciones con cadenas (tipo clave-valor)

* Operaciones sobre las claves (TTL, renombrado, expiración, tamaño total)

* Operaciones atómicas sobre listas (push, pop en cabeza y cola de lista, control de lista, tamaño de listas)

* Agrupación de claves en Sets

* Administración de múltiples bases de datos

* Ordenación (de listas y Sets)

* Comandos para el control de la persistencia (no volatilidad de los datos)

* Control remoto del servidor

Ventajas [37]

* Aumenta los tiempos de respuesta y la producción de solicitudes * No hay riesgo de pérdida de rendimiento * La caché se almacena en todos los servidores de aplicación y el subconjunto de datos más activo se guarda localmente * La caché está disponible bajo presión de la pila de JVM * Permite al sistema escalar con un tamaño de pila de JVM manejable. * La caché es más grande y el almacenamiento de reserva es más rápido * Serialización de gráficos de objetos rápida y eficaz * Actualizaciones y funciones put asíncronas a través de la estrategia de escritura retrasada * Aumenta la oportunidad de almacenamiento en caché fuera de la pila * Reduce los gastos generales de invalidación de clúster en la pila * Almacena en caché los reinicios y los bloqueos de la aplicación de supervivencia * Funciones de supervisión enriquecida para mantenimiento preventivo y solución de problemas

Desventajas [38] * RAM
La cantidad de memoria RAM que necesita Redis es proporcional al tamaño del conjunto de datos. Grandes conjuntos de datos en Redis van a ser rápido, pero costoso.

* Persistencia
La persistencia en Redis es altamente configurable, pero la aplicación hace un uso muy intensivo de los recursos de E / S.

* Sobrecarga de memoria
El diseño y arquitectura interna de Redis típicamente utiliza la memoria para la velocidad. Por lo que la memoria es altamente consumida para el mejor funcionamiento de redis.
Abreviaturas:
RAM: Memoria de acceso volátil.
Síncrono: Son procesos que se llevan a cabo en intervalos conocidos y constantes
Benchmark: Es una técnica utilizada para medir el rendimiento de un sistema o componente del mismo, frecuentemente en comparación con el que se refiere específicamente a la acción de ejecutar un benchmark.
UML: Lenguaje Unificado de modelo.
JVM: Máquina Virtual Java.
E/S: Entrada y Salida de información.

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