...UK energy provision The United Kingdom’s energy use per capita (38 MWh) is much higher than that of the world’s average of 22 MWh. In order for the UK to provide enough energy we use many different sources, some being used more that others. Figure 1 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 2 Figure 1 shows that the UK’s main energy provider is Gas, which equates to 34.6% of the UK’s consumption. Oil is used at almost the exact same amount, standing at 33.6%. This means that the main 2 energy providers to the UK makeup more that 65% of the total consumption. Coal is next most consumed at 19.2%. If we’re classing that nuclear energy is a renewable source still just 12.7% of the UK’s energy use was renewable, which is shockingly low to say the importance of the need for clean, sustainable energy. The world is already on a path to reduce use of fossil fuels and start using cleaner renewable energies. Trade blocs are also combatting for sustainable energy, for example the European Union have set up the Emissions Trade scheme, which puts a price on carbon, which it hopes will influence companies to use less carbon aggressive sources, becoming more efficient. From being 12.7% renewable in 2012 the government hopes that 20% of our energy will be renewable by 2020. Figure 2 shows that by 2050 wind energy is predicted to increase rapidly, being a renewable enrgy this is obviously good, however unforntuantly some people complain that the turbines are an unpleasnt sight and are too noisy...
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...Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature of Review 3 Africa’s Energy Situation 4 Large-Scale Renewable Energy System 5 Why should Africa promote renewable energy? 6 Why Should Africa Promote Environmental Energy Efficiency? 7 Barriers to Renewable Energy Development 7 Recommendations For Boosting Renewable Energy in Africa 8 Conclusion 9 Methodology 10 Interpretation of The Results 14 Conclusion 15 Recommendations 16 Limitations 16 Works Cited 17 Appendix A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels 14 Introduction There is a need to meet the growing energy demand...
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...March 07, 2012 Clean Energy Ballot Proposal Faces Sharp Criticism from Environmental Groups, Renewable Energy Supporters A proposed state constitutional amendment that would pump $13 billion a year into green energy projects over 10 years has come under fire from environmental groups and renewable energy supporters that are critical of the plan’s lack of transparency. The ballot proposal is being championed by a group called Yes for Ohio’s Energy Future and would require the state to issue $1.3 billion in bonds per year from 2013 through 2023 to fund green energy projects. Earlier this month, the Ohio Ballot Board voted unanimously to allow the proposal’s backers to begin collecting the 385,245 valid signatures from Ohio registered voters needed to put the amendment on the ballot this fall. But a strongly worded letter from environmental advocates—including Ohio Environmental Council, Environment Ohio, Environmental Law & Policy Center, Natural Resources Defense Council, and the Ohio Chapter of the Sierra Club—urged the proposal’s supporters to abandon their efforts. The groups criticize the plans “overly broad” and “vague” language, and its establishment of a Delaware-based limited liability company—Ohio Energy Initiative Commission—that would oversee the funds and collect $65 million in annual management fees. The letter concludes that the proposal “does not follow established good-government practices, has an unacceptable lack of transparency and accountability, and will...
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...your request for a proposal for a new initiative related to sustainability, I am planning to deliver a presentation to the employees of the City of Ottawa’s Environment and Energy Department on the topic of promoting green construction policies in Ottawa. After conducting detailed research into Ottawa’s energy usage and environment, I came to the conclusion that the new initiative should emphasize green construction in general and passive solar buildings in particular. The memo set out below provides an overview of the advantages of green construction, an explanation of passive solar buildings, and information about the encouragement of passive solar buildings in Ottawa. Advantages of Green Construction According to the Canadian Environment Report, buildings are collectively the largest consumer of energy in Ottawa, ahead of transportation, and they are also the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions (Government of Canada, 2014). The growth of our communities has a major impact on our natural environment. The design, construction, and operation of the buildings in which we live and work have a significant impact on our natural resources. The common objective of all forms of green construction is the reduction of the overall impact of the built environment on human health and on the natural environment. This overall objective has three main elements. The first element is energy efficiency. Green construction can reduce the requirements for operating energy, which may make...
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...Alternative Energy With the world economy growing at a fast pace, energy demand too has been witnessing a sharp rise in the past few decades, with demand mainly originating from the big developing economies of Asia, namely, India and China. Factors such as high population growth, growing urbanisation and changing lifestyles in these developing nations are behind the increase in demand for energy. According to International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates, during 1990-2008, while world population increased by around 27%, energy use increased by around 39%. Consequently, average per person consumption of energy has seen a rise of 10% for the same period. The year 2010 has seen a further increase of around 5% in the world energy consumption levels. Most of the countries in the world use coal, oil and natural gas as their primary sources of energy. Around 90% of the total global energy requirement is met through these non-renewable energy sources. This heavy reliance on fossil fuels poses certain major concerns. Most importantly, these sources are limited. So, it is only a matter of time before these resources are exhausted completely. Another important factor that works against the heavy use of fossil fuels is that they are detrimental to the environment. The use of fossil fuels leads to emission of greenhouse gases which causes global warming. Also, these fuels are a major source of air, water and soil pollution. All these factors have created a need for alternative energy sources...
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...address the risk/opportunity. Furthermore, we will develop a process for assessing potential cost/benefit of addressing the risks and opportunities and the potential cost/benefit of taking no action. All the detail data resource in this report is from GM sustainability report [2]. 2. Risk Management Sustainability strategy of GM is guided by this simple truth, that energy diversity, resource conservation and CO2 reduction are business imperatives. To achieve sustainable development of the company, GM is faced up with a series of global issues. Among them, fuel economy and CO2 emissions, manufacturing energy use and emissions, and resource and material management are most imperative to address. 2.1 Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions The need to increase fuel economy and reduce carbon emissions remains one of the most important risks facing automakers around the world, including GM. Though dramatic progress has been made over the past 40 years, the need to “go farther with less” is as relevant today as ever, due to risks associated with petroleum dependence, climate change and the continued growth of vehicle use. Energy security and climate change concerns are driving increasingly stringent fuel economy and CO2 emission regulations around the world. GM is deploying a combination of strategies, including design and engineering tactics, advanced technologies and alternative fuels, to achieve these...
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...The renewable energy sector in Bulgaria One of the conditions for Bulgaria to join the European Union was that by 2010, the country should be able to produce at least 10 per cent of its energy through renewable sources, wind, biomass, hydro, geothermic or solar energy, while by 2020 it has to reach 16 per cent. In this paper we will look at some of the conditions and companies which contribute to reach this percentage. 1. First of all we will point out some of the prerequisites for successful development. It seems out that Bulgaria is really suitable country for the development of renewable energy. First of all, we have lower cost of labor compared to other countries. What is more, Bulgaria has very appropriate geographical location in combination with comparatively low cost of land to buy up or in concession. One of the biggest advantages of our country, which is attractive for investors, is the tax of only 10%. On the other hand, there were some disadvantages which had hindered the development of renewable energy in Bulgaria. One of it was the cost of electricity which has been far lower than many other parts of Europe and this has been a high barrier to entry for many consumers as there was no reason for them to make an investment in the solar installation.This has now changed because the utility prices in this country are now on a par with the rest of Europe and the Government has introduced incentives to encourage solar use. According to reports on biodiesel consumption...
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... | | | |You are required to submit a report of 2500-3000 words relating to the University of Glamorgan’s Hydrogen Research Centre at Baglan: | | | |1 | |Provide a background to the production of hydrogen from electrolysis, via renewable electricity in particular. | |...
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...of Ferrybridge coal-fired power station, in Ferrybridge, UK. Photograph: Chris Ratcliffe/Getty Images On climate change, Britain is leading in Europe. Wednesday's proposal by the European commission for a binding 40% greenhouse gas reduction target by 2030 is a significant step forward. The commission has accepted our core argument that the EU's domestic emissions reduction target must be ambitious so we can influence countries like the US and China, ahead of 2015's critical global climate talks. By leading on a strong emissions reduction target, the UK is persuading others on the need for member states to have the freedom and flexibility to develop their own energy mix to achieve these ambitious reductions. Rigid technology specific targets set for each country would not be cost effective – and EU members should be free to decarbonise in a way that is right for them, including renewables, nuclear, carbon capture and storage and energy efficiency. Energy policy's central conundrum today is how to go green at the lowest possible cost. The commission's analysis confirms that British households pay some of the lowest prices for gas and electricity in Europe, but that is little comfort to people struggling to pay rising energy bills. So we have to achieve a fine balance. We need to invest in home-grown clean energy that will bring cheaper prices in the long run, shielding consumers from volatile international fossil fuel markets. But we also need to take people with us as we transition...
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...Research in Sustainable Energy Economics Shuddhasattwa Rafiq Greenpeace Video on Sustainable Energy.mp4 Presentation Plan • Motivation • Research areas • Papers and proposals in different research areas Motivations To undertake meaningful academic and professional research in the field of energy economics which would ultimately lead to delivering key sustainability principles in regional, national and international levels. Pure data driven analytical studies based on recent quantitative research underpinnings strengthen sustainable energy planning to ensure community involvement, inter-generational equity, biological diversity, ecological integrity, and precautionary social and environmental investment. Research Areas • • • • Energy Conservation Renewable Energy Sustainable Mining Community Oil Price Volatility Energy Conservation (a) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2010, ‘The Linkage between energy consumption and income: A multivariate cointegration analysis in developing economies,’ International Journal of Emerging Markets, forthcoming. (b) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2009. ‘Temporal causality between energy consumption and income in six Asian emerging countries,’ Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 55, no. 4, 335-350. Objective: • Identifying energy conservation possibilities in emerging economies by implementing a multivariate demand side time series econometric analysis. (c) Rafiq, S., Salim, Ruhul A. and Bloch, H. 2010, ‘Relationship between oil consumption...
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...solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy into the grid. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW ISEGS CSP installation is the largest solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California. Other large CSP plants include the SEGS (354 MW) in the Mojave Desert of California, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. The 250+ MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park in India, are the world’s largest photovoltaic power stations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power Solar power is produced by collecting sunlight and converting it into electricity. This is done by using solar panels, which are large flat panels made up of many individual solar cells. It is most often used in remote locations, although it is becoming more popular in urban areas as well. This page contains articles that explore advances in solar energy technology....
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...Impacts of Implementing Renewable Energy Sources in Solving Global Oil Crisis Student’s Name College Impacts of Implementing Renewable Energy Sources in Solving Global Oil Crisis Alternative energy is a non fossil renewable type of energy. Due to rapid increased use of coal and oil in the late 1800s various concerns over the sustainability of fossil fuel as a future source of energy; this has led to the proposal of renewable energy sources (Simon, 2007). With the discovery of renewable corn-based ethanol oil energy in 1917 by Alexander Graham, various forms of renewable sources of have successfully been made. Currently there are various sources of renewable energy including among others: Hydropower, biomass, geothermal energy, solar and wind energy. These energy forms of energy have demonstrated to be significant environmentally (Simon, 2007). Other than the ability to renewed, renewable energy could solve the problem if global oil crisis and reduce environmental challenges caused by fossil fuels (Sherman, and Freemuth, 2009). In addition, implementing the use of renewable energy would promote certain economic benefits such as job creation and revenue income. However, unless the overall benefits of implementing alternative energy sources are outweighs its impacts on oil producing countries, it would prove to be difficult implement renewable sources of energy to resolve the problem of energy crisis resulting from over dependence on oil as a source of energy. Outline THESIS:...
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...“I’m also issuing a new goal for America: Let’s cut in half the energy wasted by our homes and businesses over the next 20 years,” Obama said”-Brad Plumer, Washington Post (Pres. Plan to be more energy efficient) 1. The president is definitely thinking about renewable resources and wants to incorporate them into the average American’s life, but again and again he uses words like “hope to”, “proposals”, words implying that these plans are loosely constructed and not in the forefront of the United State’s government’s mind. Maybe this is because his deadline is 20 years away. Obviously long term programs haven’t worked thus far. Making short term projects will make for stricter deadlines, a more focused and motivated team of officials and more projects getting up and running for the near future. 2. We believe that some of the short term programs that should be enacted first are getting the federal government agencies and the White House itself to start using renewable resources. To start having half of the energy these buildings are using to come from renewable energy resources like solar or wind power. By incorporating these types of renewable energy resources into their everyday lives, they will soon encourage the American peoples to use them to, not to mention benefiting the economy. 3. Advertising programs. B. “The White House’s fact sheet went even further, laying out a proposal to double the energy efficiency of the entire U.S. economy over that time...
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...With the rapid advancement in wind technology, reliable product quality and more than 95% feasibility rates, wind power has become a safe and reliable energy source. With ever-increasing economization of generating electricity using wind power, the costs are becoming comparable to that for coal-fired generators and are lower than petroleum-fired and nuclear generators. Taking into account the intermediary investments in environmental protection and transportation, it is more economical to use wind power in place of coal to generate electricity. In addition, the construction of wind power stations takes a relatively shorter amount of time. The installation and adjustment of a wind turbine system takes a few weeks, and the whole process of land construction, installation and commencement of productions will only take 6 months to one year – a feat which coal-fired or nuclear stations cannot match up to. The investment scope is also flexible; one can chose to install as much capacity as possible based on the available capital. For offshore islands, remote highlands which are inaccessible, vast but thinly-populated grasslands and pastures, and rural villages and frontier regions which are far away from power supply networks and will continue to remain unreached, wind power can be an effective energy source for production and survival, which further enhances its significance. bad aspects The spinning blades kill and maim birds and bats Noise like "brick wrapped in a towel turning...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Energy Policy ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol Valuing a wind farm construction: A contingent valuation study in Greece Phoebe Koundouri, Yiannis Kountouris, Kyriaki Remoundou à Department of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business, 5th floor, Derigny Building, 76 Patision Street, 10434 Athens, Greece a r t i c l e in fo abstract Article history: Received 9 May 2008 Accepted 21 January 2009 Our analysis is based on data from a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation study implemented to elicit public attitudes towards renewable energy generation and their willingness to pay for the construction of a wind farm in the area of Messanagros in the island of Rhodes, Greece. Results indicate that there are significant positive values deriving from the proposed project. Respondents report a mean willingness to pay a premium in their bi-monthly electric bills of h8.86 for the sole purpose of the construction of the wind farm. The estimated economic benefits to the local population are weighed against the investment cost in a cost–benefit analysis to inform policy making and implications for EU energy policy are provided. & 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Contingent valuation Renewable energy Wind farm 1. Introduction Climate change is currently considered to be...
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