...4 2.0 Wave Energy Technologies – Spill Over /Overtopping Devices 5 2.1 Wave Capture Systems 5 2.2 Wave Dragon (Offshore) 6 2.3 Point Absorbers (Near/Offshore) 7 2.4 Oscillating Water Column (Nearshore) 7 2.5 Hinged Contour Devices (Near/Offshore) 8 2.6 Case Study – Pelamis DeviceI 9 2.7 Economic Appraisal 9 2.6 Non Technological Barriers - Environmental Impacts: 13 2.7 Non Technological Barriers - Social Impacts: 16 2.8 Miscellaneous Non Technological Barriers 16 2.9 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of wave energy 17 3.0 Tidal Stream Technologies 21 3.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines 21 3.2 Vertical Axis Turbines 22 3.3 Reciprocating devices (oscillating hydrofoils) 22 3.4 Venturi Effect Tidal Stream Devices 23 3.5 Economic Appraisal: 24 3.6 Non Technological Barriers – Socio-Economic & Environmental Impacts: 27 3.7 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of Tidal Stream energy. 29 3.8 Grid Integration: 30 3.8.1 Grid connection charges 30 3.8.2 Connection Charges. 30 3.9 Grid Connection. 30 3.9.1 Technological Barriers for Tidal Stream 31 3.10 Research and Development for future Irish Energy Strategies:. 37 4.0 Summary 41 5.0 Conclusion 41 5.1 Wave Energy: 42 5.2 Tidal Stream: 42 Bibliography 46 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to critically review the socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ocean Energy Technologies. The...
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...Energy crisis in Pakistan By Introduction of Energy Crisis in Pakistan:- Energy resources are the backbone of social economic development of any country. It is essential for the production and making of goods and other things like cotton sheets which contributes a lot of revenue in the budget of Pakistan. Energy is essential for running machinery in industrial facilities, industrial devices, lightening the cities and running the system of transport. Now a day there has been a massive improvement in the energy demand because of industrial development, increase in population, an increase in the manufacturing of households and enhancement of living standards. Therefore the demand of power is rapidly growing in the form of electricity, diesel, petrol and coal. As we know the Pakistan’s energy issues are rising because the production of energy is insufficient to meet the growing energy demands of Pakistan, which causes power crisis or an energy crisis in Pakistan. Pin It See all 3 photos Overview of Pakistan's electricity:- Pakistan’s electricity generation facilities are not precisely working well, they even thought to be underdeveloped and inadequately maintained. The regions of Pakistan could be going to face the critical energy problems, because of the weakening economy and rising of the rapidly increasing electricity demand in the course of the prior 10 years. Additionally we cannot see any considerable efforts to meet the demands of these energy problems....
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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...Introduction of Energy Crisis in Pakistan:- Energy resources are the backbone of social economic development of any country. It is essential for the production and making of goods and other things like cotton sheets which contributes a lot of revenue in the budget of Pakistan. Energy is essential for running machinery in industrial facilities, industrial devices, lightening the cities and running the system of transport. Now a day there has been a massive improvement in the energy demand because of industrial development, increase in population, an increase in the manufacturing of households and enhancement of living standards. Therefore the demand of power is rapidly growing in the form of electricity, diesel, petrol and coal. As we know the Pakistan’s energy issues are rising because the production of energy is insufficient to meet the growing energy demands of Pakistan, which causes power crisis or an energy crisis in Pakistan. Overview of Pakistan's electricity:- Pakistan’s electricity generation facilities are not precisely working well, they even thought to be underdeveloped and inadequately maintained. The regions of Pakistan could be going to face the critical energy problems, because of the weakening economy and rising of the rapidly increasing electricity demand in the course of the prior 10 years. Additionally we cannot see any considerable efforts to meet the demands of these energy problems. In addition, transmitting failures due to outdated facilities...
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...Trade in Environmental Goods and Services Summary The environment industry supplies pollution control, reduction, clean-up and waste handling equipment and related services, and a growing range of other environmental services. Trade in Environmental goods and services (EGS) industry is worth around $758 billion in 2011. In International trade, the largest exporter is China and importer is Germany of EGS. The promotion of EGS is been done by providing subsidy and standardising the EGS products. According to the International Energy Agency IEA (2011), global renewable energy subsidies were about $66 billion in 2010, and will reach almost $250 billion in 2035. Total global investment in EGS is $260 billion in 2011 – up 5 percent above 2010 levels and almost five times the total of $54 billion in 2004. The tariffs rates imposed on EGS generally range between 5%-10% Introduction International trade in environmental goods and services (EGS) may contribute to the achievement of environmental, economic and developmental benefits and to the transition towards a “green economy”. The international community has been exploring several strategies to promote sustainable development through enhanced trade in EGS. The WTO negotiations on EGS seek to reduce or eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in EGS. The Doha Ministerial Declaration in paragraph 31 (iii) provides the mandate for WTO negotiations on environmental goods and services liberalization by way of “the reduction or...
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...plagued the world today. This introduction is intended to give an overview to the viewers about the negative impacts caused by human activities that are less responsible for the stability of the environment in general. Then proceed with the analytical discussion about things that appear in and around the environmental issue, and ended with optimistic statements proposed to raise the confidence of the audience to carry out concrete actions for the earth. In parts of the we can see about 50 leading scientists, thinkers, leaders, oceanographer, author, etc, asking questions or presenting facts relating to the environmental issues facing the planet and the prospects for maintaining the stability of the Earth's environment the first hour documentary presents a frightening picture, especially the degradation of environmental conditions that hit the planet, telling many sins conducted on the environment (such as pollution, deforestation, excessive mining), indicate the reasons or factors behind the spread of environmental damage (such as corporate greed, the failure of public policy, the lack of leadership and ignorance), and the meaning and impact of all of the existence of mankind. In the final third of the documentary, after a series of bleak picture of the condition of the planet. Improved mood viewers try again with the appearance of a wide selection of solutions describing the visions of the alternative energy sources, provide transportation options, improve environmental agendas...
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...ENERGY Renewable Energy: An Overview DOE/GO-102001-1102 FS175 March 2001 EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY What is Renewable Energy? Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually replenished by nature—the sun, the wind, water, the Earth’s heat, and plants. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energy—most often elec- tricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power. Why Use Renewable Energy? Today we primarily use fossil fuels to heat and power our homes and fuel our cars. It’s convenient to use coal, oil, and natural gas for meeting our energy needs, but we have a limited supply of these fuels on the Earth. We’re using them much more rapidly than they are being created. Even- tually, they will run out. And because of safety concerns and waste disposal prob- lems, the United States will retire much of its nuclear capacity by 2020. In the mean- time, the nation’s energy needs are expected to grow by 33 percent during the next 20 years. Renewable energy can help fill the gap. Even if we had an unlimited supply of fos- sil fuels, using renewable energy is better for the environment. We often call renew- able energy technologies “clean” or “green” because they produce few if any pollutants. Burning fossil fuels, however, sends greenhouse gases into the atmos- phere, trapping the sun’s heat and con- tributing to global warming. Climate scientists generally agree that the Earth’s average temperature has risen in the past century...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Energy xxx (2009) 1–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Renewable energy in India: Status and potential Indu R. Pillai, Rangan Banerjee* Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 16 May 2007 Received in revised form 20 August 2008 Accepted 15 October 2008 Available online xxx Keywords: Renewable Energy Diffusion Potential India a b s t r a c t A majority of the Indian population does not have access to convenient energy services (LPG, electricity). Though India has made significant progress in renewable energy, the share of modern renewables in the energy mix is marginal. This paper reviews the status and potential of different renewables (except biomass) in India. This paper documents the trends in the growth of renewables in India and establishes diffusion model as a basis for setting targets. The diffusion model is fitted tot the past trends for wind, small hydro and solar water heating and is used to establish future targets. The economic viability and green house gas (GHG) saving potential is estimated for each option. Several renewables have high growth rates, for example wind, Photovoltaic (PV) module manufacture and solar water heaters. New technologies like Tidal, OTEC, Solar thermal power plants and geothermal power plants are at the demonstration stage and future dissemination...
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...WORLD ENERGY OVERVIEW Most countries have set high goals for the utilization of renewable energy by the middle of the century, but present day usage of alternative sources of energy is dominated by the developed nations such as the United States, Germany, Spain and Denmark, with Brazil and China leading the leading nations. * Cause of using Possible Alternative Energy all over the World: * It does not seem quite sensible to keep on utilizing the same dirty sources of energy every time, and also keep worrying about them running out. If we think over this, we will come as funny. If we could tame the energy of the water, wind and the sun, we would be living in a world that had an inexhaustible and infinite source of energy. In addition to all these, the energy obtained would also be clean. Also, there would be no potential risks for the environment, and we could live in a world that would be completely free from any detrimental impact on the environment. It is our call to keep the pollution under check, since it is us who ever started the pollution in the first place. The technology that we created earlier was intended to make the energy sources we have now work for us. It is therefore now our responsibility to take proper care of the ecosystem. * The technology that is essential for the utilization of the alternative sources of energy has become quite affordable in these times. This is because more and more number of people is now using it. And for those who...
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...WAVE ENERGY POWER PLANT Installation along Indian East Coast OE 430 OCEAN ENERGY Prof. SANNASIRAJ Team Members: RITURAJ (NA06B019) VIKAS VERMA (NA06B031) RAVI KIRAN (NA06B018) PRITHI PRASAD (NA06B017) ROHIT DILIP (NA06B020) TABLE OF CONTENTS • Overview • Indian Scenario • Location Information • Technology • Advantages and Disadvantages • Turbine selection • Device layout • Conclusion • References Overview of Wave Energy A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy. Waves travel and transfer energy from one point to another, often with little or no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium (that is, with little or no associated mass transport); instead there are oscillations around almost fixed locations. Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work — including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). Wave power is a form of renewable energy. Though often co-mingled, wave power is distinct from tidal...
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...Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural energy services. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Both, modern renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar and biofuels, as well as traditional biomass, contributed in about equal parts to the global energy supply. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets...
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...Vinegar Battery Overview A) Worldwide The World Energy Outlook 2012 and Electricity Information 2012 from the OECD's International Energy Agency (IEA) set out the present situation and also present current policies,* new policies, and carbon reduction (‘450’) scenarios. From 2000 to 2010 total world primary energy demand grew by 26%, and to 2020 it is projected to grow less (by 20% under current policies scenario, and less under other scenarios). Growth to 2035 is 47% under current policies. Electricity growth is almost double this. It grew at an average annual rate of 3.4% from 1973 to 2010, and is projected to grow 89% from 2010 to 2035 (from 18,443 TWh to 35,000 TWh) in the current policies scenario, and 73% (to 31,859 TWh) in the central New Policies scenario. Increased demand is most dramatic in Asia, projected to average 4.3% or 3.8% per year respectively to 2035. Currently some two billion people have no access to electricity, and it is a high priority to address this lack With the United Nations predicting world population growth from 6.6 billion in 2007 to 8.2 billion by 2030, demand for energy must increase substantially over that period. Both population growth and increasing standards of living for many people in developing countries will cause strong growth in energy demand, as outlined above. Over 70% of the increased energy demand is from developing countries, led by China and India - China overtook the USA as top CO2 emitter in 2007. Superimposed on this, the...
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...| | |NAME : RAUNAK ZATAKIA | | | |COURSE : ( BBA / TP / ) | | | |SUPERVISOR : Prof. Tapobrata Ray | | | |TITLE : Telecom Industry Marketing | |DATE : 06.12.2013 | Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment Of the requirements of the Graduate Degree BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION J.D.BIRLA INSTITUE At the JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY KOLKATA The Controller of Examination, Jadavpur University, Kolkata Respected sir, This research work has been conducted by me and is an...
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...Contents List of Figures 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Strategic Focus 7 2.1 Our Vision 7 2.2 Our Mission 7 2.3 Organizational Values 7 2.4 Highest Priority Goals 8 3. About DNV 9 3.1 DNV’s History 9 3.2 SWOT Analysis 10 4. Market Analysis 12 4.1 Industry’s Economy 12 4.2 Success Factors 12 4.3 Risks and Barriers 12 4.4 Key Customers 12 4.5 Size of Target Market 13 5. Products 14 5.1 Choosing Services to be implemented in the UAE 14 5.2 The Decision: 25 6 Marketing 26 6.1 Product Prices and Benefits to the Customer 26 6.2 Product Distribution 26 7 Research, Development and Innovation 27 7.1 Importance and Need for Research 27 7.2 Research and Development Objectives 27 8 Business Systems and Processes 28 8.1 Executing Operations and Project Studies 28 8.2 Risk Management 28 8.3 Quality Control System 28 8.4 Contractors and Suppliers 28 8.5 Customer Relationships and Targeting 29 8.6 Employee Training 29 9 External Environment, Stakeholders Relationships and Alliances 30 9.1 Importance of Analyzing the Environment 30 9.2 External Environment Elements 30 9.3 Problems of Uncertainty and Interdependence 31 10. Organization Design and Management 33 10.1 Organization Design 33 10.2 Staffing Requirements 33 10.3 Employee Recruitment and Training 33 10.4 Performance Standards and Feedback 34 11. Environmental and Social Impacts 35 11.1 External Impact 35 11.2 Internal Impact 35 11.3 Ethics 36 ...
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...Overview The oil industry is an integral part of the U.S economy and with new legal revisions in place; Royal Dutch Shell will be better able to develop technologies to continue advancing this industry. Also know as Shell, they are headquartered in the Netherlands and are the second largest energy company in the world. “Shell has operations in over 90 countries, produces around 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has 44,000 service stations worldwide (Shell, 2011).” Shell Oil Company, its subsidiary in the United States, is one of Royal Dutch Shell’s largest businesses. It has integrated itself into every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It also has in its holdings major renewable energy activities, including bio-fuels, hydrogen, solar and wind power. Shell takes pride in being a leading innovator in the oil industry. Political Analysis At $1.8 trillion dollars a year, oil is the most traded commodity and the demand over the past year is rising. As discussion to extended drilling on U.S soil has intensified, President Obama has recently enacted a plan to place a hold on the 1,700 mile Keystone Pipeline Project after hearing concerns from environmental groups such as the BlueGreen Alliance. This comes after “the State Department subjected the Keystone Project to three years of review” (Krauthammer, 2011) and construction was set to...
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