...International business comprises all commercial transactions (private and governmental, sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundaries. Usually, private companies undertake such transactions for profit; governments undertake them for profit and for political reasons.[1] It refers to all those business activities which involve cross border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more nations. Transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people etc. for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction etc 1. The exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries. 2. A specific entity, such as a multinational corporation or international business company that engages in business among multiple countries. Export policies Bangladesh’s exports are dominated by ready made garments, most of which are exported to the US and the EU. Nearly all garment exports are from firms operating in export processing zones or as bonded warehouses. In both cases they can import their textile and other inputs free of Customs duties and all other import taxes (including the 3% advance income tax) with the use of “back-to-back LCs” i.e. letters of credit based on LCs issued for their exports. As noted previously, machinery used by exporters is also exempt from all import taxes...
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...International Business - Assessment One Research Report Executive Summary This report examines the global company Nike and how it progressed from a small American based company to one of the largest sporting footwear and apparel brands in the world. The entry mode into global business chosen by Nike of contract manufacturing has allowed the company to benefit on two particular fronts. Nike outsourced the manufacturing element of the business initially to China and later expanded to over 750 factories mostly across South East Asia to capitalise on the abundance of low cost labour available to manufacture its products. Contracting out the manufacturing function also allowed the company to focus all of its energy and resources on developing innovative products and then marketing these products across the world. A core value of the Nike organisation is innovation which is embedded in its strategic direction. It developed a culture where no idea is a bad one and innovation is highly valued. This relates both to product development and marketing opportunities. Having this strong focus on innovation has allowed the company to continue to be a world leader in the creation and production of sporting good without the need or desire to diversify into different business streams. Nike has also displayed innovation throughout other business decisions to ensure it tackles environmental issues head on. This attitude took the potentially damaging situation of Nikes association with sweatshops...
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...International Newspaper Report NAFTA, or the North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade bloc between the countries in North America, which are the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This agreement is very helpful when it comes to importing and exporting between these countries. Joining the trade agreement with the United States and Canada was a very smart decision for Mexico from a business standpoint. Mexico looks a lot better to other countries when they are trading with such great countries like the United States and Canada. The article “NAFTA: Learning to Deal with Thy Neighbor” talks about whether the North American Free Trade Agreement is working well between the countries or not. The overall emphasis of the report says that NAFTA has a positive effect on those countries involved, some more than others, but overall it is a positive thing. The leader of international affairs realized that free trade was the solution to the trade deficit, because it makes it much easier to trade between countries therefore more trading will go on between those countries. The article refers to specific sectors that are affected by such things as trade and NAFTA. The first of these sectors is economic. The fact that imports and exports of merchandise trade have rose to over $900 billion each year between the countries just goes to show that NAFTA is doing great things for the economy. The author states that this is great for the economists, but what about the manufacturers...
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...International Investment Report - British Petroleum in Nigeria Group D June 6, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Country Evaluation 6 Industry Overview 9 Regulatory structure 9 Competition – Major and minor competitors 12 Local financing options for the expansion 12 Overall attractiveness of the industry 13 Entry Strategy 13 Recommendations 17 References 20 Introduction Nigeria in West Africa is about twice the size of California in the US but is the largest country in Africa. Just over 160 million people live in this country with approximately 800,000 of them living in the capital city of Abuja which is located in the very center of Nigeria. (Nigeria) Nigeria has two distinct reputations. One as a corrupt and violent country that is not highly recommended for tourist type visitations (although it does have incredibly interesting historical sights) and the other for being the country visited mostly for unbelievably lucrative business transactions involving oil and gas. The Nigerian people live mostly in poverty in a country where oil and gas exports total billions in revenue. This is due to the fact that the Nigerian government has total control over their property rights. In addition corruption within that government runs rampant. According to an article by Michael Burleigh 70% of Nigerians live below poverty level struggling to survive. (Burleigh) What is even more interesting in a country rich in oil and gas is that the poverty...
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... Samantha Bugeja Matthew Holmes William Topp Yuwei Wu Dingyang Ren International Marketing International Marketing 08/03/2013 08/03/2013 Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Mission Statement 4 Market Choice 4 Table 1 5 Quantification, Weighting and Ranking 6 Table 2 7 Internal Analysis 8 Overview of Iceland 8 Marketing Factors 8 Financial analysis 8 Manufacturing factors 9 Iceland’s current resources and competencies 10 Table 3 10 The Boston Consulting Group matrix (BCG) matrix 10 Figure 1 10 External Analysis 10 PESTLE 11 Competitive Environment 12 Retailers 12 Table 4 12 Frozen Food Manufacturers 12 Table 5 13 Customer Trends 13 Target Market 14 Porter’s Five Forces 14 Figure 2 14 Lotte Group Analysis 14 SWOT 15 Strengths and Weaknesses 15 Opportunities 16 Threats 16 Objectives and Market Entry Strategy 16 Objective 1(Short term: 12 months) 17 Objective 2 (Medium Term: 1-3 years) 17 Objective 3 (Long Term: 3-5 years): 18 Internationalisation objectives 18 Marketing Mix 19 Product 19 Price 21 Table 6 21 Table 7 21 Promotion 22 Place 23 People, processes and physical evidence 24 Implementation 25 Table 8 26 Figure 3 26 Figure 4 27 Control 27 Figure 5 28 Bibliography 28 Executive Summary This report has been produced to provide Iceland Foods Group with a strategy to further internationalise. After investigation...
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...|International Marketing | |Gruma Report | | | | I have been asked to prepare a report for Gruma UK subsidiary to assess France as| |a potential market for their flatbread products, hereare the findings. | | | | International Marketing Outcome 1 I have been asked to prepare a report for Gruma UK subsidiary to assess France as a potential market for their flatbread products, here are the findings. There are a number of reasons why Gruma have expanded its operations internationally and these can be split into two broad categories: - Push Factors and Pull Factors. Push Factors that Gruma may have to consider are that their own home market maybe saturated and that the company needs to increase growth by providing their products to an international market. Mexico is in economic recession and there is a lack of spending within the country. Another reason is there may be too many other companies supplying the same product in the home market. Economic recession maybe another factor that can be taken into consideration by Gruma...
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...International Trade Simulation and Report Samuel xxxxxxxxx ECO 212 May 07, 2012 Dr. Holscraft International Trade Simulation and Report Over the last few years the United States of America has been in an economic crisis. The economy has been affected badly by layoffs, factories closing down, and corporations needing bail outs. Whenever there is a high unemployment rate the economy heavily affected by the large number of lost laborers. Without laborers and factories to produce goods and services international trade becomes affected. International trade not only helps the United States economy but, also it helps the global economy as well. International trade provides numerous advantages to the United States economy but many limitations also exist so economic leaders must be aware of the pros and cons when negotiating these trades. Advantages and Limitations of International Trade The advantage of a free trade agreement will lower trade barriers, increase trade volume, open different markets, provide more products for consumers, and create more investments opportunities for both countries. Consumers receive the added benefits of competition and companies gain access to new markets. As outside firms invest, this investment creates jobs and tax revenue for the host country and additional revenue for the investing firm. A free trade agreement is an efficient situation for consumers and both countries involved. However, the disadvantage to a free trade agreement is...
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...International Trade Simulation and Report Taruh Cravens, Melody Jones, Geneva George-Williams, Ruby Morgan, Nicole Southerland ECO/212 Blake Bennett International Trade Simulation and Report This paper is a team correlation on the knowledge gained from our course of study and how the concepts are applied, how international trade affects the U.S, economy, and addresses the four key factors from our weekly reading assignments that are shown in the stimulation. The simulation identified Rodamia’s bordering countries provide an opportunity for international trade and investments that could greatly benefit Rodamia. International trade with other countries would give consumers more choices in price and quality of goods. The domestic producers would increase production to meet market demands in other countries, producing more capital for investing in new avenues. The interaction of trade between the countries will make the countries more vibrant and wealthier. Limitations of international trade are placed in the form of tariffs, quotas, and regulations. These limitations offer protection in certain circumstances but can have negative if used to retaliate for reasons such as political differences (Colander, 2004). The simulation emphasized four key points from the team’s weekly reading assignments, including comparative advantage, the principle of increasing marginal opportunity, the protection possibility curve, and limitations on international trade...
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...International Trade Simulation and Report The advantage of international trade is countries with certain quantity, quality, and efficient production of goods and services can maximize their country’s wealth. Developing country’s increase sales and revenue through production expansion. International trade increases a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) by increasing the production of products sold to other countries. The free trade agreement between Rodamia, Uthania, and Suntize allowed each country to more efficiently use their resources to increase wealth through the comparative advantage of their export commodity. The flipside of international trade is another country’s ability to produce an export more efficiently than the importing country, causing domestic producers and firms to lose revenue or the opportunity for additional revenue. For example, if Rodamia continues a free trade agreement with Uthania for imports of corn, Rodamia misses the opportunity to become a large producer and net exporter of corn – hurting domestic producers and firms. To counteract the loss of increase revenue for domestic producers and firms, the Rodamia government can impose a tariff – place a tax on the corn or limit the amount of corn imported from Uthania – a quota. The government placing a tariff or quota on corn imported from Uthania protects domestic producers and firms from cheaper imports of corn and affords time to develop efficiency...
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...Comparing Financial Reports Using the Form 20F Reconciliation Annie has been hired as an analyst for a relatively small investment company and has had several discussions with her new employer who is interested in expanding its investment options to include more international firms. One issue that Annie has brought up with her boss in their discussions is many investors’ unfamiliarity with financial reports prepared based on accounting standards other than US GAAP. While Annie’s employer seems to appreciate her concerns, Annie has asked you to help her prepare a report for her boss to examine and to use when he needs to explain the issues to the company’s clients. Annie has already located a number of popular press items that she will use to gain a general sense of where US GAAP and IFRS differ. However, she is concerned that she will need more direct information to provide to her employer in order to help him understand the issues at hand. She has examined a number of companies that report using IFRS, but is not sure how to use those reports to help her illustrate her concerns. She has asked you to help her prepare some information that she might use to help her boss better understand the impact on financial reports of using IFRS versus US GAAP. Given the importance of various ratios in financial ratios, you have decided to calculate several commonly used financial ratios using values taken from a company that prepares it financial reports using US GAAP and one...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON “A DISSERTATION ON RETAIL BANKING” In Partial Fulfillment of Bachelor of Business Administration Session 2010-2013 [pic] ICFAI University, Ranchi, Jharkhand Project Supervisor: Submitted by: Prof. Sumit Sinha Prof. Sumit Sinha Faculty of International Business Faculty of International Business (2010-2013) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to many people. This dissertation is an effort to contribute towards achieving the desired objectives. In doing so, I have optimized all available resources and made use of some external resources, the interplay of which, over a period of time, led to the attainment of the set goals. I take here a great opportunity to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my esteemed faculty Prof. Sumit Sinha for giving me an opportunity to work on this project. The support & guidance from sir, was of great help & it was extremely valuable. I also express my sincere thanks to all the people who, directly or indirectly, contributed in time, energy and knowledge to this effort. Amit Jayakumar | CONTENTS | | | ...
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...Strategic Report for Quick Result Group Details Contents Executive Summary Quick Result faces a lot of economic challenges at this point in its existence in the face of hectic competition which has resulted in knocking it off its perch. As of this writing a company who had succeeded in successfully fighting off all forms of competition in the past is faced with the imminent possibility of winding up and out of the international transportation business. However, we believe that all the players in the international transportation business could be faced with similar challenge and therefore (believe= repetition) that Quick Result could find opportunities that could steer it out of the current crisis in the shortest possible time. This is a strategic plan on how Quick Results can revamp its operations and deliver itself from the challenge it currently faces and take advantage favourable future economic conditions. In doing so it would still apply its resources available currently in the form of infrastructure, vehicles/carriers, experiences personnel, management (though a change in management would be the best way to go). Introduction Generally, every firm irrespective of the market it operates exists to survive, maximise profit and grow in order to generate appreciable return on investment to the shareholders and contribute to the wellbeing of the environment that it operates in. in the bid to achieve these objectives firms have to contend with challenges of competition and being...
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...REPORT ON INVESTMENT DECISION FOR GREINAM INTERNATIONAL Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Basis of Investment Decision 1 3. Figures produced by financial accountants 2 4. Rate of Return on investment 5 5. Net Present Value of the project 6 6. Conclusion and Recommendation 8 References 9 Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to discuss the investment decision regarding the project for the manufacture of new product. I will start by critically analyzing the basis on which current investment decisions are made by the company followed by a review on the figures produced by the financial accountants. I will then present my views on the minimum return that is required on this project and then explain the computation that I have made using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques. Finally, I will recommend to you whether to go ahead with the project or not. 1. Introduction Our company, Greinam International is considering investing ₤ 840,000 in new machinery to be used in the manufacturing of one of the company’s products. The information available for this project is not to the satisfaction of our management group and therefore needs a review from the management accountant. The Payback method may not be the correct way of valuing such major investment project and therefore we will use DCF method which is commonly used to appraise investment project. There are a number of elements which have cropped up during my meetings with my colleague...
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...Table of contents Introduction 2 Country Overview 2 The Political Environment 3 Recent History 3 The Present Government 3 Political Stability 4 Opposition Parties 4 Economic and Financial Analysis 5 Trade History & Major Products 5 GDP Growth per capita 5 Unemployment & Price level Changes Inflation 6 Exchange Rate Innovations 7 Investments in the Stock Market 7 Investments in the Bond Market 8 Foreign Exchange Reserves 9 Structure of Industries 10 The Banking System 10 Monetary Policy / Money Supply Growth 11 Foreign Debt 12 Capital Flight 12 Asian Currency Crisis 13 Philippines before the crisis 13 What caused the Asian Currency Crisis? The effect it had on the Philippines and other countries 13 Looking into the Future 17 Prevention as the Best Form of Management 17 Some Policy Lessons From the Asian Crisis 17 Need for Great Caution About Financial Liberalization and Globalization 17 Manage External Debt Well and Avoid Large Debts 17 Manage and Build Up Foreign Reserves 17 The Need for Capital Controls and a Global Debt Workout System 18 Conclusion: Summary / Comments / Recommendations 19 Works Cited 21 Appendix A 23 Appendix B 24 Appendix C 25 Appendix D 26 Appendix E 27 Appendix F 28 Introduction The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. They attained their...
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...REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON WOMEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BEIJING, CHINA 9 – 11 NOVEMBER 2011 BACKGROUND International Forum on Women and Sustainable Development was organized by the All China Women’s Federation in Beijing, China. The All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) was founded on April 3rd, 1949. It is a mass organization of Chinese women of all ethnic groups in all walks of life, striving for women’s advancement. Its mission is to represent and safeguard women’s rights and interests and to promote equality between women and men. ACWF is also a member of the National Working Committee on Women and Children under the State Council. It is in consultative status with the ECOSOC of the United Nations. INTRODUCTION Sustainable development, as a visionary development paradigm shift, represents a big step forward in the progress of human society. It demonstrates the resolve and efforts of people around the world to ensure sound development and the well-being of the current and future generations. Sustainable development can neither be achieved nor sustained without the participation of women who are an important driving force. The United Nations and member states have already initiated different kinds of activities to prepare for the Rio+20 Summit. Both sustainable development and empowerment of women are considered a priority of the United Nations in 2011. As such, it is of special significance to reflect women’s needs and concerns and heed women’s...
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