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Research in Electro

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Digital Multi-tester How to use a Multimeter- The basics or instructions of how to use a multimeter, including how to use an analog or analogue multimeter, or a digital multimeter, DMM, and using multimeters their best advantage.Multimeters are very cheap to buy and are one of the most commonly used pieces of electronics test equipment. Although basic operational multimeter instruction may be given when the test meter is bought, details of how to use the multimeter to test circuits and gain the maximum use from them are not always available.Although there are major differences between the internal circuits within analogue and digital multimeters, the way in which they are used is comparatively similar. However separate sections are given below with instructions on how to use a digital multimeter and how to use an analogue multimeter.How to use a digital multimeterThe operation of a DMM, digital multimeter, itself is normally very straightforward. With knowledge of how to make voltage, current and resistance measurements (see the "Related Articles" on the left hand side of this page for further details) it is then a matter of putting the multimeter to use. If the meter is new then it will obviously be necessary to install a battery to power it. This is normally simple and straightforward and details can be found in the operating instructions for the DMM. | ... apart from amps, volts, and ohms, many DMMs can measure parameters including frequency, capacitance, continuity, and temperature.... | | | |
When using the meter it is possible to follow a number of simple steps: 1. Turn the meter on 2. Insert the probes into the correct connections - this is required because there may be a number of different connections that can be used. 3. Set switch to the correct measurement type and range for the measurement to be made. When selecting the range, ensure that the maximum range is above that anticipated. The range on the DMM can then be reduced as necessary. However by selecting a range that is too high, it prevents the meter being overloaded. 4. Optimize the range for the best reading. If possible enable all the leading digits to not read zero, and in this way the greatest number of significant digits can be read. 5. Once the reading is complete, it is a wise precaution to place the probes into the voltage measurement sockets and turn the range to maximum voltage. In this way if the meter is accidentally connected without thought for the range used, there is little chance of damage to the meter. This may not be true if it left set for a current reading, and the meter is accidentally connected across a high voltage point!How to use an analogue multimeterThe operation of an analogue multimeter is quite easy. With a knowledge of how to make voltage, current and resistance measurements (see the "Related Articles" on the left hand side of this page for further details) it is only necessary to know how to use the multimeter itself. If the meter is new then it will obviously be necessary to install any battery or batteries needed for the resistance measurements. | | | ... analogue multimeters have been available for many years and they are very flexible in their operation.... | |
When using the meter it is possible to follow a number of simple steps: 1. Insert the probes into the correct connections - this is required because there may be a number of different connections that can be used. Be sure to get the right connections, and not put them into the ones for a low current measurement if a high voltage measurement is to be made - this could damage the multimeter. 2. Set switch to the correct measurement type and range for the measurement to be made. When selecting the range, ensure that the maximum for the particular range chosen is above that anticipated. The range on the multimeter can be reduced later if necessary. However by selecting a range that is too high, it prevents the meter being overloaded and any possible damage to the movement of the meter itself. 3. Optimise the range for the best reading. If possible adjust it so that the maximum deflection of the meter can be gained. In this way the most accurate reading will be gained. 4. Once the reading is complete, it is a wise precaution to place the probes into the voltage measurement sockets and turn the range to maximum voltage position. In this way if the meter is accidentally connected without thought for the range to be used, there is little chance of damage to the meter. This may not be true if it left set for a current reading, and the meter is accidentally connected across a high voltage point! | |

Live-line tester
A unique set of equipment designed to detect the presence of high voltage and to carry out phasing tests on distribution switchgear and overhead line also known as Live Line Hotsticks or High Voltage Ins ulating Poles. Seaward LLT live line tester is a voltage detector ideal for live line testing on systems up to 1100V DC. Seaward LLT live line testers are encapsulated in a high impact rugged enclosure with high-visibility cable. The Seaward LLT tester is fitted with high-intensity red LED indicators and a polarizing filter making it clearly visible, even in direct sunlight. Designed specifically for live line applications, the Seaward LLT voltage indicator ensures conductor rails have been isolated from the power supply before maintenance or inspection work commences on rail track systems.
Seaward LLT and proving unit are approved by Network Rail - Certificate of Acceptance No. PA05/03345 - for carrying out live line testing.
Seaward LLT Live Line Voltage Detector * Working Voltage 1100V dc max * Threshold Voltage 200Vac/300Vdc * Circuit Current <10mA * Indicator 3 Ultra-Bright Red LED * Compliance BS EN61243-3

Seaward LLT live line voltage indicator has been designed to ensure safe working on third-rail electrified railway lines and systems. The new Seaward LLT two pole voltage detector enables service engineers, maintenance personnel and rail technical staff to verify that conductor rails have been isolated from the power supply before maintenance or inspection work commence on rail track systems. The new Seaward unit has been designed specifically for the safe and practical detection of voltages on electrified rail systems above a threshold level of 300V DC up to a maximum of 1100V DC. Ultra bright red LEDs and a polarizing filter built into the handle section of the tester make the voltage indication clearly visible in all working environments and conditions – even in bright sunlight.
Designed and manufactured in compliance with international safety standard BS EN61243-3, the Seaward live line test unit is totally encapsulated in a shock resistant high impact rugged enclosure and is IP65 rated. The Seaward tester is also equipped with PVC hand guards and high visibility cable. Also available from Seaward is a special battery powered proving unit for self-test proof of Live Line Tester performance before and after use. The compact and highly portable unit incorporates a neon active indicator for simple and immediate on-site verification of tester functionality – enabling line testing and any subsequent maintenance work to be undertaken safely and without hazard. A special carrying case for the Live Line Tester and LLT Proving Unit is also available.
The introduction of the new Seaward live line tester for railway service applications expands the Seaward range of voltage indicators and safety testing equipment that includes a comprehensive range of neon and digital high voltage indictors, safe discharge units, neon and digital phasing equipment, insulator leakage detectors and current clamps.
Seaward Live Line Testers LLT - Safety Notes
Seaward LLT live line testers test whether conductor rails are dead or alive: the Seaward LLT tester unit must be tested with the Seaward proving unit immediately prior to and after use. When applying the Seaward LLT probes to the rail conductor and running rail, a clean section of rail head should be identified. Never apply Seaward live line testers ramp end. Seaward LLT live line test units are used to test DC electrified conductor rails by holding the live line tester by the handles above the hand-guards, placing one probe on the traction return running rail and the other probe onto the conductor rail. If the LED indicator on the Seaward LLT live line tester is illuminated the conductor rail is live. Refer to DC lines Electrified Working Instructions (NR/WI/ELP/3091 E2 Dec 2006) for further information on the isolation and testing of the conductor rail.

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