The Unethical activities in Marketing Mix “4Ps”
Ethics and Political Environment of Business
Senior project

Spring 2015

Group Name:
Nouhad El Zein
Sadika Zaiter
Zaynab Kdouh

Table of Contents Abstract 3 Definition of the marketing: 4 Definition of the marketing mix 4 Product: 4 Price: 4 Promotion: 5 Place: 5 Social Responsibility in the 4Ps 5 Marketing mix and unethical practices 6 Introduction: 6 Definition of Marketing Ethics 7 Ethics and Product 7 Ethics and Pricing 7 Ethics and Distribution (place) 10 Ethics and Promotion 12 RECOMMENDATIONS: 16 Bibliography 17

Abstract

In this project we intend to identity the marketing the marketing mix, the social responsibility in marketing, develop the concept of ethic in marketing components of marketing and how each of them can subject of unethical practices.

Definition of the marketing:

Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return.
For example, “Walmart” has become the world’s largest retailer—and the world’s largest Company—by delivering on its promise, “Save money, Live better.” Nintendo surged ahead in the video-games market behind the pledge that “Wii would like to play,” backed by its wildly popular” Wii” console and a growing list of popular games and accessories for all ages. And McDonald’s fulfills its “i’m lovin’ it” motto by being “our customers’ favorite place and way to eat” the world over, giving it a market share greater than that of its nearest three competitors combined (Philip kotler, 2012, 2010, 2009)
Definition of the marketing mix is the set of tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables—the four Ps (product, price, promotion, place). Product: means the goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market. Thus, a Ford Escape consists of nuts and bolts, spark plugs, pistons, headlights, and thousands of other parts. Ford offers several Escape models and dozens of optional features. The car comes fully serviced and with a comprehensive warranty that is as much a part of the product as the tailpipe (Variety, Quality, Design, Features, Brand name, Packaging, Services). Price: is the amount of money customers must pay to obtain the product. Ford calculates suggested retail prices that its dealers might charge for each Escape. But Ford dealers rarely charge the full sticker price. Instead, they negotiate the price with each customer, offering discounts, trade-in allowances, and credit terms. These actions adjust prices for the current competitive and economic situations and bring them into line with the buyer’s perception of the car’s value ( List price, Discounts, Allowances, Payment period, Credit terms). Promotion: means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. Ford spends more than $1.5 billion each year on U.S. advertising to tell consumers about the company and its many products.13 Dealership salespeople assist potential buyers and persuade them that Ford is the best car for them. Ford and its dealers offer special promotions—sales, cash rebates, and low financing rates—as added purchase incentives.( Advertising, Personal selling, Sales promotion, Public relations) Place: includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. Ford partners with a large body of independently owned dealerships that sell the company’s many different models. Ford selects its dealers carefully and strongly supports them. The dealers keep an inventory of Ford automobiles, demonstrate them to potential buyers, negotiate prices, close sales, and service the cars after the sale. (Channels, Coverage, Locations, Inventory, Transportation, Logistics)
Social Responsibility in the 4Ps
Marketers are reexamining their relationships with social values and responsibilities and with the very Earth that sustains us. As the worldwide consumerism and environmentalism movements mature, today’s marketers are being called to develop sustainable marketing practices. Corporate ethics and social responsibility have become hot topics for almost every business. And few companies can ignore the renewed and very demanding environmental movement. Every company action can affect customer relationships. Today’s customers expect companies to deliver value in a socially and environmentally responsible way.
The social-responsibility and environmental movements will place even stricter demands on companies in the future. Some companies resist these movements, budging only when forced by legislation or organized consumer outcries. More forward-looking companies, however, readily accept their responsibilities to the world around them. They view sustainable marketing as an opportunity to do well by doing good. They seek ways to profit by serving immediate needs and the best long-run interests of their customers and communities.
Some companies, such as Patagonia, Ben & Jerry’s, Timberland, Method, and others, practice “caring capitalism,” setting themselves apart by being civic minded and responsible. They build social responsibility and action into their company value and mission statements.

For example, when it comes to environmental responsibility, outdoor gear marketer Patagonia is “committed to the core.” “Those of us who work here share a strong commitment to protecting undomesticated lands and waters,” says the company’s Web site. “We believe in using business to inspire solutions to the environmental crisis.” Patagonia backs these words with actions. Each year it pledges at least 1 percent of its sales or 10 percent of its profits, whichever is greater, to the protection of the natural environment.
Sixty years ago, about 45 percent of Americans smoked cigarettes, but now the smoking rate is less than 20 percent. This decline results from acquired knowledge on the potential health dangers of smoking and marketing restrictions for this product. Although smoking rates are declining in most developed nations, however, more and more consumers in developing nations, such as Russia and China, are puffing away. Smoker rates in some countries run as high as 40 percent. Developing nations account for more than 70 percent of world tobacco consumption, and marketers are fueling this growth. Most of these nations do not have the restrictions prevalent in developed nations, such as advertising bans, warning labels, and distribution restrictions. Consequently, it is predicted that one billion people worldwide will die this century from smoking-related ailments (Philip kotler, 2012, 2010, 2009). Marketing mix and unethical practices

Introduction:
Ethics are a collection of principles of right conduct that shape the decisions people or organizations make. Practicing ethics in marketing means deliberately applying standards of fairness, or moral rights and wrongs, to marketing decision making, behavior, and practice in the organization. In a market economy, a business may be expected to act in what it believes to be its own best interest. The purpose of marketing is to create a competitive advantage. Those organizations that develop this advantage are able to satisfy the needs of both customers and the organization.
This focus has come about for two reasons. First, when an organization behaves ethically, customers develop more positive attitudes about the firm, its products, and its services. When marketing practices depart from standards that society considers acceptable, the market process becomes less efficient. Not employing ethical marketing practices may lead to dissatisfied customers, bad publicity, a lack of trust, lost business, or, sometimes, legal action. Thus, most organizations are very sensitive to the needs and opinions of their customers and look for ways to protect their long-term interests. Calls for social responsibility have also subjected marketing practices to a wide range of federal and state regulations designed to either protect consumer rights or to stimulate trade.

Definition of Marketing Ethics Marketing ethics concerns the application of ethical considerations to marketing decision making . Marketing ethics can be considered as moral judgment and behavior standards in marketing practice or moral code or system in marketing area. In other words, marketing ethics is the research of the base and structure of rules of conduct, standards, and moral decisions relating to marketing decisions and practices. Marketing executives who take strategic decisions often face with ethical conditions and their decisions is related to all sides of marketing mix as product, price, place and promotion. (Siham, 2013).

Ethics and Product

Marketing executives face with a lot of ethical problems related to planning and application of product strategies. For example, in new A product development process, since ethics and legal subjects are discussed less than it is needed, faulty products are put on the market and so these products damage consumers. Other ethical issues related to product decisions, information on labels can sometimes be used as deceptive although it is technically true , rubbish problem which packing cause after its usage , decline of recalling of product although it is problematic, failing in terms of guarantee related to product and performing planned product to shorten product life cycle.
The product quality: (using good row material, Quality of finishing, Quality assurance, Quality check), Availability of user manual :( Retable, Friendly username), To mention the side effect of a product, Privacy agreement were applicable, safety the product does not harm the consumer, Warranty, Disposal procedures , Product description:( ingredient, nutrition fats, who can use it ?, clear expiry date, preservative, Halal, artificial coloring, country of origin, net weight, customer service number. , contact), “How to use it?” Packed.
The unethical type of products, tobacco, alcohol, fireworks, nylon bags, chirring gum, weapons, unhealthy food

Ethics and Pricing

Pricing is probably one of the most difficult areas of marketing when it is analyzed from the ethical point of view. Ethically, price should be equal or proportional to benefit which is taken by the consumers. However, when monopolistic power is had, it is seen that unreasonable price increase is set. Other ethical issues related to pricing include non-price price increases, misleading price reduction, price advertisements which can be misleading or considered as deceitful and their limits are not explained well, the practices of price fixing that affect the structure of competition, predatory pricing which aims to have monopolistic position, discriminatory pricing, pricing applications of products according to the products’ unit or quantity basis and practicing of misleading pricing methods (Siham, 2013).

Price fixing involves the an agreement between a group of people on the same side of a market to buy or sell a good or service at a fixed price. Typically, competition between these participants for consumers drives down prices for goods. Yet, imagine a world where every ice cream shop in America vowed that all single scoops were now $15. Consumers would lost out, because we’d find alternatives or shell out an exorbitant amount of cash, as we couldn’t go to another neighborhood joint to battle the high prices/low quality offering of another.
For example, several companies come together and fix the price of the products and services. Bid rigging is another form of illegal and unethical price fixing and market allocation wherein two or more competitors make their bids and only one party will win the bid. Price discrimination means same good and services are sold at different prices. Predatory pricing is the one in which one of the competitors sells his products and services at very low prices as compared to his other competitors so as to drive them out of the market or to create a barrier of entry for potential entrants. Deceptive pricing means setting the prices in such a way that the customers are misled (ananymous, 2015). Price gouging:
Sometimes the value that consumers place on a good is much greater than the cost of producing that good. In such cases, there is controversy about whether the corporation is justified in charging a much higher price and matches the perceived value. This situation can take place during a shortage, such as the price of food or fresh water after a hurricane, or when a certain product is the only one of its kind available. Pharmaceuticals and the patents that surround them are a great example.

Producers in these instances can charge an exorbitant amount of money, but should they? I think we’d agree that setting skyrocketing prices for food or generators following a hurricanes is wrong (and some states have laws against it), but most software costs are relatively cheap compared to the value provided to a customer. Very different contexts, but more generally, some consider taking advantage of consumers' needs unethical, while others feel like it's an inevitable result of a free market and a just reward for innovation (Guo, 2012).
For example, it would be considered ethical for a business to raise its prices as a result of increased costs associated with manufacturing. It would be considered unethical for a business to raise prices in an effort to gouge certain customers they know are in a predicament that requires them to pay whatever is being asked. An example would be significantly raising the cost of water during a natural disaster (Guo, 2012).

Misleading price: * a company that baits customers by offering a good deal, then tries to entice them to purchase more expensive merchandise through deceitful means is considered to have unethical business practices * it has never charged the "usual" price * it has a strategy of deliberately inflating the usual price of goods or services, knowing it will lead to no or few sales, so the business can attract customers by subsequently offering the goods or services at a discounted price * the claimed usual price is one of many prices at which the business commonly sells the good or service

For Examples, A nationwide supermarket chain claimed customers could save "at least 20%" or "at least 25%" off all beer in a special promotion. However, it had been 32 weeks since the shelf price had been displayed for some products and the claimed saving of 20% off was misleading as the product had been sold at a lower price for that period. The Commission issued the company with a warning (anonymous, 2015).

* A camping and outdoor gear retailer advertised various items of clothing as being available at a discount of up to 50-60% off normal retail price during their nationwide sales. However, some of these items had already been available in store at this reduced price and, in some cases, were also available at the same "sale" price afterwards. The retailer was convicted and fined.
Price discrimination: is the strategy of selling the same product at different prices to different groups of consumers, usually based on the maximum they are willing to pay. The practice also surfaces in hiding lower priced items from customers who have a higher willingness to pay. This one is a little tricky, because it is socially accepted in some cases, yet rejected in others. For example, very few people would complain that the 80 year old man and his 2 year old great-granddaughter pay $10 less to enter the carnival. Yet, only showing the more expensive hotels to more affluent customers caused an enormous amount of PR backlash for travel site Orbitz.

Clearly, there are a lot of different manifestations of price discrimination. Legally, the main law on the books, the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936, is exceptionally outdated and has more holes than my favorite swiss cheese.
Price discrimination allows a company to earn higher profits than standard pricing because it allows firms to capture every last dollar of revenue available from each of its customers. While perfect price discrimination is illegal, when the optimal price is set for every customer, imperfect price discrimination exists.
For example, movie theaters usually charge three different prices for a show. The prices target various age groups, including youth, adults and seniors. The prices fluctuate with the expected income of each age bracket, with the highest charge going to the adult population (Anonymous, 2015).

Ethics and Distribution (place)

Ethical issues related to place grow out of firms, which form channel of distribution, have different needs and goals. At power relationship in the channel, if channel members to put their power which they have into bad use, this may cause an ethical problem Other ethical issues result in subjects as retailing decisions, direct marketing, and supply and channel management. Ethical issues in direct marketing are the subjects which are privacy, confidentiality and intrusion.
Anti competitive practices: are business practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market. They are methods used by firms in a market to restrict the competition. The main motive for these practices is to increase prices so the firms can benefit from higher sales revenue.
For example, Restricting output – This is when several firms in a market agree to restrict their production output in order to increase the average prices of the products they are selling.
Reciprocal dealing (synergy): Arrangement between two parties whereby their roles as seller and buyer are interchangeable: each buys from and sells to the other.
Reciprocal dealing, also known as reciprocity, describes ways in which a buyer may unlawfully use its economic position in one market coercively to secure a competitive advantage in another. Reciprocity typically refers to the use of the buyer's power as buyer of product A to induce the supplier of A to purchase buyer's product B. More colloquially, reciprocity "exists when one party tells the other: “I will buy from you, if you buy from me”.
For example, auto maker ABC may say to USX that it would buy steel from USX if USX would buy ABC trucks.
Exclusive dealing: A contractual requirement for a supplier to sell their goods only through a particular retail or wholesale sales outlet within a particular region. Moreover, it is means any practice whereby a supplier of a product, as a condition of supplying the product to a customer, requires that customer to deal only or primarily in products supplied by or designated by the supplier or the supplier’s nominee, or refrain from dealing in a specified class or kind of product except as supplied by the supplier or the nominee, and (b) any practice whereby a supplier of a product induces a customer to meet a condition set out (above) by offering to supply the product to the customer on more favorable terms or conditions if the customer agrees to meet the condition set out (above).
A contractual requirement for a supplier to sell their goods only through a particular retail or wholesale sales outlet within a particular region. Exclusive dealing is prohibited in some circumstances, and examples of business types that tend to engage in exclusive dealing include franchised fast food restaurants, gas stations and breweries that are required to get their supplies from a particular company (anonymous, 2014).
For example, when McDonald’s sells only Coca Cola that is exclusive dealing. Obviously, McD’s sells a lot of other stuff, but in the product line of fizzy cola drink it is only Coke. A similar exclusive dealing arrangement was reviewed by the court in the Standard Fashions case. There a women’s dress pattern manufacturer signed contracts with department stores which required that they sell only its patterns and not those of competing manufacturers also. The court ruled that this was illegal under Sec 3 of the Clayton Act because it limited competition.

Third line forcing: Third line forcing occurs when a business will only supply goods or services, or give a particular price or discount on the condition that the purchaser buys goods or services from a particular third party. If the buyer refuses to comply with this condition, the business will refuse to supply them with goods or services. In contrast to other types of exclusive dealing, third line forcing is prohibited no matter what its effect on competition.
Other types of exclusive dealing, including conduct known as full line forcing, involve a supplier refusing to supply goods or a service unless the intending purchaser agrees not to: Buy goods of a particular kind or description from a competitor, resupply goods of a particular kind or description acquired from a competitor, resupply goods of a particular kind acquired from the company to a particular place or classes of places (waterson, 2015).
Slotting allowance: A slotting fee, slotting allowance, pay-to-stay, or fixed trade spending is a fee charged to produce companies or manufacturers by supermarket distributors (retailers) in order to have their product placed on their shelves, for example, According to some retailers; fees serve to efficiently allocate scarce shelf space, they help balance risk of new product failure between vendors and retailers, they help vendors signal private information about potential success of new products, and they serve to widen retail distribution for vendors by mitigating retail competition (ananymous, 2015).

Gray market: sometimes called a parallel import, but this can also mean other things; not to be confused with a black market or a grey economy is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels which are legal but are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer. The most common type of grey market is the sale, by individuals or small companies not authorized by the manufacturer, of imported goods which would otherwise be either more expensive in the country to which they are being imported, or unavailable altogether.
An example of this would be the import and subsequent re-sale of Apple products by unlicensed intermediaries in countries such as South Korea where Apple does not currently operate retail outlets and licensed reseller markups are high.

Ethics and Promotion
Promotions refer to the entire set of activities, which communicate the product, brand or service to the user. The idea is to make people aware, attract and induce to buy the product, in preference over others.
There are several types of promotions. Above the line promotions include advertising, press releases, consumer promotions (schemes, discounts, contests), while below the line include trade discounts, freebies, incentive trips, awards and so on. Sales promotion is a part of the overall promotion effort.
There are also:
1. Personal selling: one of the most effective ways of customer relationship. Such selling works best when a good working relationship has been built up over a period of time.
This can also be expensive and time consuming, but is best for high value or premium products.
2. Sales promotions: this includes freebies, contests, discounts, free services, passes, tickets and so on, as distinct from advertising, publicity and public relations.
3. Public relations: PR is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between the company and the public. Ethical issues related to promotion can be analyzed under two headings as advertising and personal selling. Today, advertisements have turned out to become “an authority in society”. Advertisements tell consumers many things. They show us how to have an image for a model; to but something, use it, and then buy something else to substitute it with. Consumers also learn from advertisements that they can purchase success, happiness and love when buying the goods and services being advertised. Due to this role that advertisements have developed in our society, ethical examination has emerged. Unilateral advertising message, preconceived advertising messages, advertisements' breaking programmers are criticized. Whether advertisements are ethics or not is determined according to the extent of loss of advertisements to consumers. Ethical problems in advertising can be analyzed under two main headings: the content of advertising message and agent/customer relationships The relationship between advertising and ethics can be analyzed from the point of view of persuasive trait of advertising, deception, puffery and making promises that cannot be kept. Other ethical issues related to advertising include advertising to children, demonstrations, mock-ups, endorsements and testimonials (Siham, 2013).

For example, negative advertising techniques, such as attack ads. In negative advertising, the advertiser highlights the disadvantages of competitor products rather than the advantages of their own. The methods are most familiar from the political sphere: see negative campaigning.

Deception promotion
Manipulation: Bait and switch is a form of fraud where customers are "baited" by advertising for a product or service at a low price; second, the customers discover that the advertised good is not available and are "switched" to a costlier product (Boundless, 2014).
For example, Have you ever bought batteries just to run out of life after a few uses? Duracell, Inc and the Procter & Gamble Company got sued in US by customers claiming that the companies were delivering a deceptive marketing scheme and misleading facts. Duracell Ultra Advanced and Duracell Ultra Power batteries were more expensive than regular batteries although did not provide longer life than regular alkaline batteries.

Manipulation promotion
These are fees that are not stated in the advertised price. These are particularly common for services, such as cell phone activation, broadband, gym memberships, and air travel. Generally, companies get away with it, because the fees are hidden in fine print and obfuscated by technical language.
For example, Claims made about the characteristics of goods and services contain a false statement of fact. (Example: A product weighs 900g instead of 1 Kg) or the price or manner, in which the price is calculated, is misrepresented. (Example: Goods are not offered at sale prices, but advertised as such).

UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE MARKETING PRACTICES

Marketing practices are deceptive if customers believe they will get more value from a product or service than they actually receive. Deception, which can take the form of a misrepresentation, omission, or misleading practice, can occur when working with any element of the marketing mix. Because consumers are exposed to great quantities of information about products and firms, they often become skeptical of marketing claims and selling messages and act to protect themselves from being deceived. Thus, when a product or service does not provide expected value, customers will often seek a different source.
Deceptive pricing practices cause customers to believe that the price they pay for some unit of value in a product or service is lower than it really is. The deception might take the form of making false price comparisons, providing misleading suggested selling prices, omitting important conditions of the sale, or making very low price offers available only when other items are purchased as well. Promotion practices are deceptive when the seller intentionally misstates how a product is constructed or performs, fails to disclose information regarding pyramid sales (a sales technique in which a person is recruited into a plan and then expects to make money by recruiting other people), or employs bait-and-switch selling techniques (a technique in which a business offers to sell a product or service, often at a lower price, in order to attract customers who are then encouraged to purchase a more expensive item). False or greatly exaggerated product or service claims are also deceptive. When packages are intentionally mislabeled as to contents, size, weight, or use information, that constitutes deceptive packaging. Selling hazardous or defective products without disclosing the dangers, failing to perform promised services, and not honoring warranty obligations are also considered deception (Siham, 2013). Offensive Materials and Objectionable Marketing Practices
Marketers control what they say to customers as well as and how and where they say it. When events, television or radio programming, or publications sponsored by a marketer, in addition to products or promotional materials, are perceived as offensive, they often create strong negative reactions. For example, some people find advertising for all products promoting sexual potency to be offensive. Others may be offended when a promotion employs stereotypical images or uses sex as an appeal. This is particularly true when a product is being marketed in other countries, where words and images may carry different meanings than they do in the host country.

Ethical Product and Distribution Practices

Ethical questions may also arise in the distribution process. Because sales performance is the most common way in which marketing representatives and sales personnel are evaluated, performance pressures exist that may lead to ethical dilemmas.

For example, pressuring vendors to buy more than they need and pushing items that will result in higher commissions are temptations. Exerting influence to cause vendors to reduce display space for competitors' products, promising shipment when knowing delivery is not possible by the promised date, or paying vendors to carry a firm's product rather than one of its competitors are also unethical.
When data about products or consumers are exaggerated to make a selling point, or research questions are written to obtain a specific result, consumers are misled.

Special Ethical Issues in Marketing to Children

Children are an important marketing target for certain products. Because their knowledge about products, the media, and selling strategies is usually not as well developed as that of adults, children are likely to be more vulnerable to psychological appeals and strong images. Thus, ethical questions sometimes arise when they are exposed to questionable marketing tactics and messages. McDonald's is one of the largest distributors of toys, which is included in 20% of their sales. The Happy Meal that is targeted towards children began in 1979 and became rapidly popular with the fun box, small portions, and of course, the ever-changing toy included.
For example, McDonald's targets children through Ronald McDonald and the kids play areas as well, making it a fun environment. In 2010 McDonald's was sued for unethical marketing practices towards children through the act of providing those toys. Monet Parham came forth to sue McDonald's because her daughters would nag and cry for the Happy Meals constantly even when told no, she claimed that McDonald's had invaded their minds through their deceptive marketing.
Complaints that Mc Donald's influences unhealthy eating habits through their advertisements and exploits young children has risen with the toy claim. A law in two cities of California has passed saying that any establishments that does not meet nutritional value will not be allowed to serve toys with the meals. Today the Happy Meal is still in place and the practices are continuing to attract children to their establishments (Rucki, 2013).

Ethical Issues Surrounding the Portrayal of Women in Marketing Efforts

As society changes, so do the images of and roles assumed by people, regardless of race, sex, or occupation. Women have been portrayed in a variety of ways over the years. When marketers present those images as overly conventional, formulaic, or oversimplified, people may view them as stereotypical and offensive.
When images are considered demeaning or harmful, they will work to the detriment of the organization. Advertisements, in particular, should be evaluated to be sure that the images projected are not offensive (Siham, 2013). In today’s business world, women are used as an object to attract consumers’ attention to the products that firms sell. They are exploited as a marketing instrument in a wide range of firms’ activities. Women appear as a sexual object in any kind of advertisement or as an attractive material standing nearby a product. Sometimes firms use sexual saleswomen to facilitate the sale or to attract consumers’ attention to the firm or product. Particularly, it is very common to use sexually attractive women in advertisements regard less of the product is related to sexuality. The use of sexual women images in advertisements is so wide spread that such images are found in the advertisements for most product types from clothing to motor cars, from cosmetics to furniture (Bayraktar, 2011).

Further issues in marketing ethics

Marketing ethics overlaps with environmental ethics in respect of waste problems associated with the packaging of products. Some, such as members of the advocacy group No Free Lunch, have argued that marketing by pharmaceutical companies is negatively impacting physicians' prescribing practices, influencing them to prescribe the marketed drugs rather than others which may be cheaper or better for the patient (Siham, 2013).
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return, marketing mix the set of tactical marketing tools product, price, place, and promotion that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.
Ethical behavior should be enforced throughout company culture and through company practices.
So an ethical business cannot agree prices with its competitors (e.g. it can't agree to work from a shared minimum price list)
Share markets or limit production to raise prices (e.g. if two contracts are put out to tender, one business can't agree that it will bid for one and let a competitor bid for the other)
Advertising (promotion) is another marketing activity that should be regulated in order to deter unethical practice
Marketing to children should be closely controlled
To act ethically and be socially responsible, marketers must perceive ethics and social responsibility as important components of marketing.

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