...Criminal Justice System CJA/204 Crime is an omission or act which violates laws that results to punishment of an individual. The specific omissions or acts that constitute a crime are determined by the governmental bodies from the area you live. At any given time you will most likely be subject to three sets of laws. Defined is the first set federal statute. Outlined by the state government where you live is the second set. The third set is laws enacted by local government. If conflict ever arises in local rule or state in federal law generally federal law will control. The crime or offense level will usually be set from how sever the crime. Paying a fine to being incarceration can be the range of punishment. Law means a set of rules, regulations and principles by following which the society runs. Before you can be punished for the conduct most crimes require that you complete an affirmative act. Relationship between crime and law is without the strict enforcement of the law crime cannot be prevented. The two most common models on how society determines what acts are criminal are Due Process Model and Crime Control Model. Due Process highlights rights of a group of people and an individual’s right. Courts, quality, formality and individualization are the important issues that ensure the respect of due process. Crime Control is the efficient maintenance for safety of a community. Police, quantity, informality, and standardization are considered important...
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...The Criminal Justice System refers to the process by which persons committing criminal offenses are arrested, followed by systematic investigation to determine proof. After which charges are laid, defense is raised, trials conducted and sentencing rendered if found guilty or acquitted if innocent. Criminal offense is an The C act or omission punishable by law; and/or a long record of crime. An offense can be a minor or major violation, example of minor offense is jaywalking and some major offenses are murder, arson, and treason. Crime, offense, and criminal offense are used interchangeably. Mens rae (awareness of guilt) and actus reus (the act) are two important elements necessary to prove a crime. Criminal conduct is the violation of the law of a state or country which prohibits certain conduct. Criminal conduct evaluates the individual’s behavior in the criminal offenses raised and is not based on whether the individual was prosecuted or convicted. Criminal offenses are usually investigated by researching the facts and/or incidents, situations, scenarios, to prove the guilt of the individual. Thorough investigation is carried out systematically, capturing minute details, analyzing and scrutinizing information to arrive at a conclusion to prosecute the individual committing the criminal offense. The evidence collected determines the charges laid against the individual, and a defense is made to oppose or defeat the prosecution of the criminal offense. The trial is a judicial...
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...and Ethnicity This paper will discuss the female gender in the criminal justice system profession as victims and perpetrators of crimes, with analyzing and researching gender and how it adds to the challenges in the profession. There has been a change from the time that women entered into the criminal justice profession to today. In 1845 women were known as police matrons and their job was to monitor and assist female inmates(CriminalJusticeSchoolInfo.com, 2015) Today we know these as correctional officers who still complete the same tasks by monitoring and assisting female inmate’s. It was not until 1908 that a women took the title of a female police officer (CriminalJusticeSchoolInfo.com, 2015). Through history women who wanted to enter into the profession fought for opportunities and went through struggles for women’s equality. Today female correctional officers have the same equal rights as male correctional officers. They complete the same tasks and their job descriptions are equal to one another. Both genders oversee victims and perpetrators in the criminal justice system. In prison settings both female and male inmates were housed together. It was not until 1891 when the New York when a female was assaulted by a male that they began to separate the male and female gender (CriminalJusticeSchoolInfo.com, 2015). This is one challenge that is faced being either the victim or the perpetrator in the justice system. When you are imprisoned for the crime that you have committed...
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...The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Crime prevention through environmental design is defined by the Bureau of Justice Assistance as “the strategies implemented to directly modify the environment to take advantage of pre-existing environmental assets or change the features of particular targets or areas to reduce crime” (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2014). When taking observance of crime prevention and the environmental design there were many factors involved in the process. The factor covered in the following paragraphs is human environment relationships. Human Environment Relationships There are a few aspects that make up the environment that in return correlates human behavior. These aspects are environmental cues, territory, landscape, and visual bubbles. By compiling an analysis of these different relations, criminal justice professionals are able to better solve and reduce crime in different areas. For example, here in Columbia, South Carolina some neighborhoods and school districts have more patrolling on highways and neighborhoods than others. This is due to the analysis of crime that has occurred in those areas more frequently than others. Some neighborhoods have more opportunities for criminals to conduct crime than others. These opportunities are also referred to as environmental cues. Several things can reflect the level of opportunity in areas such as poverty, age groups, race, and the ratio of law enforcement to population. In these areas humans...
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...Criminal Justice System Name: Institutional Affiliation: Date: Question One The criminal justice system refers to the set of processes as well as agencies established by the governments aimed for controlling crimes as well as imposing penalties on individuals who violate laws. In America, various parts of the criminal justice system in America, including prisons, policing, and courts, developed gradually at the state and federal levels. Different jurisdictions have got different agencies, laws, as well as ways of managing the criminal justice processes. The criminal justice system of America was founded on common law, biblical teachings and the United States constitution as well as other sources. The criminal justice system is hugely based on the Bill of Rights which advocates for equal treatment of all individuals as well as ensuring that all the rights and liberties of individuals are well safeguarded. The modern criminal justice system is as a result of various evolutionary changes that the society has undergone ever since the inception of United States of America. The Americans relied significantly on religion in designing their criminal justice system which would help in shaping the American society as well as its behaviors (Burns, 2007). Question Two The American criminal justice helps in enforcing the country’s criminal laws. In America, criminal justice system is categorized into three levels: military, state and federal. In addition to these levels, every state...
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...point out what he believes the criminal justice system can improve upon to better combat cyber crime. The first category of computer crime is the computer as a target. This type of cyber-crime requires a level of technical knowledge from its perpetrators. Cyber-crime is relatively new, however, has been in existence since the implementation of computers in mainstream society. This could be a general explanation as to why and how unprepared society and the world are towards fighting these types of crimes [ (Joseph, 2006) ]. There are numerous crimes of this nature being committed on a daily basis. Examples of cyber-crime where the computer itself is the target include things like data alteration, denial of network access, theft of information, denial of service, and vandalism. The next category that the author would like to point out is the computer as an instrument of a crime. What this means is that the computer is used to profit with some other criminal activity in mind. Some examples of this are general theft, theft of service, fraud, and threats and/or harassment [ (Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, & Holt, 2011) ]. The implementation of computers as a criminal tool or device to obtain information to be used in a criminal manner increases yearly. Criminals use computers to store data relating to drug deals, money laundering, embezzlement, mail fraud, extortion, and a myriad of other crimes. In addition to the simple storage of records, criminals also...
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...govern society. This data is collected and formulated to create what is known as national crime reports. These reports were implemented to improve the structure of the laws that govern our society. In addition these reports record criminal activity, the type of crimes committed, the locations of criminal trends, the volume of crimes committed, and the effectiveness of the agencies within the Criminal Justice System. The question to ask is, are these reports accurate or are they deceiving to the public? In this paper we will discus crime rates in America. We will also discus the intended purpose of the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and whether these reports are deceiving to the public. We will discus the relation between crime rates and arrest rates and how we can use crime rates, arrest rates, and clearance rates to combat criminal activity in America. While conducting my research on the topic of crime rates in America, I have found that there are several ways crime rates can be deceiving. The first would be the lack of clarity in the national crime reports. When looking at the different crime reports, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we must remember that we are not reviewing crime rates in its actuality. These reports are not based on crimes committed, but are based on crimes that have been reported...
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...DeShaundra Armistead CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Crime, what is crime? Crime is an act that breaks the law that relates to how to behave in society or an act something you do or something you don’t do that is against the law and punishable upon conviction. These can include crimes such as crime against a person using force or threat of force against someone. Deliberately and violently hurting another person to include murder, attempted murder, sexual assault, robbery and kidnapping, and some traffic accidents that can lead to death. Crime against property can include unlawfully taking or attempting to take someone's property or purposely damaging another person's property. property crimes may or may not involve violence. theft, stealing a car or property from someone's car, breaking and entering into someone's home or breaking their windows. Being dishonest with someone to gain something illegally is also a punishable crime, which is fraud. Other crimes can include drug offences, arson , which means to set fires on purpose, gaming and betting which is known as gambling and weapons possession. The law is a set of rules or regulations made by the government that are enforced by a controlling authority and rime is the act that breaks the law. The relationship between crime and the law is without the controlling authority of the law crime can not be prevented or monitored. Common Models that are used to determine which acts are considered criminal are the " Consensus Model" and...
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...Criminal Justice System By: Kari Baublit UOP Online Criminal Justice 2 There are many things that happen in society today that have to do with crime. There are things that are considered small crimes or offenses and there are things that are considered large crimes or offenses. Crime happens everywhere all over the world in one form or another. People have been committing crimes and law enforcement fighting them since the times began. There are still many societies that are very harsh on any type of crime that is committed whether it is small or large the societies just do not allow that type of behavior in certain countries. There are crimes happening every second, minute, hour, and day. Crime affects many people from the ones who are committing them to the ones that are the victims as well as the families of those individuals. The definition of crime to some may mean one thing and to others may mean something else. While researching and reading about the criminal justice process there was a true explanation of the word crime. According to the legal law library a crime is a wrongdoing classified by the state or Congress as a felony or misdemeanor. A crime is also an offense of the public law which includes all offences but is more directed to a felony crime. Crimes as also defined and punished by statutes or the common laws. A crime...
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...Unit 12: Crime and its Effects on Society Unit code: Y/600/6030 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to give learners a knowledge of current UK crime and disorder legislation and the sentences and orders available to the criminal justice agencies. Learners will also develop knowledge of the effects of criminal behaviour on communities and an understanding of how society works to reduce crime, disorder and antisocial behaviour and to support the victims and witnesses of crime. Unit introduction This unit introduces learners to the legal framework that exists to prevent crime and deal with offenders. They will look at the powers of the courts, including the orders and sentences that the courts can impose. They will look at the theories of the causes of criminal behaviour and other contributory factors that may lead to criminality and antisocial behaviour, for example socio-economic and environmental influences, lack of education and negative family influences. Learners will explore the problems resulting from criminal activity and antisocial behaviour. They will explore the costs of crime, to local authorities, the community and individuals. Learners will also investigate the ‘fear of crime’ and how this manifests itself in both individuals and communities and the impact this can have on quality of life. Learners will learn how their local police proactively tackle crime using problem-solving models...
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...empirical study of the causes will involve researchers interviewing hundreds of people who had something to do with the riots. • Line 54 to line 67: A battle between Davis Cameron and Kenneth Clarke. The article is about the riots in England. Kenneth Clarke blames a broken penal system for the riots, because people don’t get punished enough for their crime, and says that it’s mostly the people with no money, who are into crime. David Cameron on the other hand, doesn’t blame any system or anything, he says that it’s “just” crime, nothing else. The article ends with Clarke saying, that it’s about having a job, a strong family and a decent education. And last but not least, a positive attitude. In the article there are quotes from the justice secretary, Kenneth Clarke, and quotes from the Prime Minister, David Cameron. The quotes is used to support a claim, which shows us, the readers, that it’s not just something the journalists have come up with, but they’ve actually researched. The language in the article is a bit of a fine language, but mostly there are just quotes of what others have said. There are arguments in the article and not just sentences that have come from out of the blue. The arguments are supported by data...
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...Restorative Justice Empowerment* Charles Barton** *Acknowledgements Versions of this paper have previously appeared in print as detailed below. The author acknowledges and thanks the relevant Editors for their permission to re-produce the article on the VOMA Web-Page: 1. The Australian Journal of Professional and Applied Ethics, vol. 2, no. 2, 2000. 2. Just Peace?: Peace Making and Peace Building for the New Millennium. (Proceedings of a Conference held 24 – 28 April 2000, at Massey University, Albany, Aotearoa/New Zealand) Edited by Warwick Tie. Massey University Centre for Justice and Peace Development. (pp. 50 – 62). **Biographical Note Charles Barton is a professional philosopher and conflict resolution specialist who lectures and trains in Law and Morality, Professional and Applied Ethics, and Restorative Justice. He is a Lecturer in the School of Policing Studies, and a Research Fellow in the ARC Special Research Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, at Charles Sturt University, Australia. He is also a former Research Fellow of Massey University (NZ), and a current Visiting Fellow in the Key Centre in Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA. Charles Barton is the developer and author of the Empowerment Model of Restorative Justice, which is based on a unified and comprehensive philosophy and theory of conflict resolution that makes Empowerment...
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...Summary Social control theory examines the relationship build in society between those who are criminals and non-criminals. Within the social control theory, conflicts are developed between men and woman based on the specific labels and behavior that are placed on them and expected by society. There has been a constant swift change in power within society. Usually men are known for being the providers of the family, while woman are know for being caregivers. Woman are now taking control and are being more dominant in society than ever before. More conflict has recently risen due to the changes in society regarding the rights and privileges that women have and now share with men. Gender and association are two common and major sources that...
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...shortages in different welfare-related areas, such as education, employment, housing, social relations and health, affect the risk for re offending. Data on their living conditions were collected by personal interviews, articles and statistics from Department of Criminal Justice. Although, the data was inconclusive in many of these areas, many implications for instruction are presented. Much of the data linked to their history of becoming repeat offenders. Findings of data that reflected their efforts to stay out of prison was affected by their of living conditions and some of the luxury amenities are primarily felt by those who at the time of interview had not previously served time in prison are making crime a career. Also, researching and comparing when jail standards were not as important as they are now. Reflecting that the conditions that have improved for them did quit enlighten the nation’s legal system. Proving that the overcrowding was due to repeat offenders who choose come back believing life was better inside rather than the real world. Overall, more finding the difference from the dungeon era to where they now have limited internet access. Which in this case explains the onset and continuation of criminal career? Introduction When someone commits a crime you should do the time, at least that is how many people see it. We are all...
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...Federal vs. State Policy Comparison Yadira Garcia Rodriguez Federal vs. States Policy Comparison In this assignment, I will be comparing and contrasting the differences and similarities of the federal and state government as it pertains to their role in the implementation of criminal justice policy, also I will address all aspects of policy development and implementation. A public policy is the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state, also I will discuss each of the policies and how they are similar and how they are different. Federal and State policies are made to help keep our Country running smoothly. If there were no policies then keeping our Country safe would be a hard task. Policies are principles that are set to help make our Country operate on a daily bases. I like to think of it as rules that are set to keep our Country safe, because if there were no rules then everyone would be doing their own thing which could cause for a much disorganized situation and a chaos society. What is the definition of federal government? (A government with strong central powers According to "The Free Dictionary” (2012).When it comes to the federal government, their powers also control and pay the debt within this country. They also are the ones that created the rules and walls for immigration. They establish the punishment for those who create counterfeiting crimes. They also provide the fix in the...
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