...The Role of Public Participation in Organic Waste Management A Case Study of Abuja, Nigeria ABSTRACT Environmental management issues continue to pose greater challenges to various regions across the globe. The municipality of Abuja suffers from low level of public participation in engaging in organic waste management as one of the main ways of achieving environmental sanitation. In a bid to identify ways of enhancing public participation in organic waste management, the study used qualitative primary research, which involved interviewing 57 members of the public through questionnaires. The participants were picked on a simple random basis. From the results the study established that there has been a low level participation amongst the members of the public in organic waste management. The low participation results from some specific obstacles or factors inhibiting the same. Amongst the obstacles identified include lack of adequate funding, insufficient resources, lack of information, ineffective policies and regulation framework, and lack of awareness as some of the obstacles that have inhibited public participation in organic waste management. As a result, the study provides specific recommendations on how to enhance public participation in organic waste management as one of the ways of promoting environmental sanitation. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 Statement of the Problem...
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...this reason the courts acknowledged that duty of care. Duty of Care Duty of Care is the legal liability or responsibility of a defendant to a plaintiff, which is based on the defendant’s non-fulfillment to obligation or duty owed to the plaintiff. Under duty of care we have the Neighbour Principle, which arose in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson in which lord Atkins was well known for his speech on Neighbour principle is as stated A owes B a duty of care necessarily requires a consideration of whether A ought to take care after B interest. Lord Atkins personal view help to explain that every individual owes a Duty of Care to his or her neighbour There are two starting element to Duty of Care • Proximity • Reasonable...
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...Homelessness in America Overview Homelessness in America is a particularly complex problem, vulnerable to changing political realities, demographic shifts, and seismic cultural events such as the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Researchers and policy advocates have debated nearly every facet of the phenomenon, from the number of homeless to the causal factors to solutions for homelessness (Hodges, 2010). Each year, more than 3 million people experience homelessness, including 1.3 million children. According to national studies, even more Americans are at risk of homelessness. The impact of homelessness on families and children is devastating. Millions of low-income American households pay more than 50 percent of their income on rent when estimates say the figure should be no more than 30 percent (Surveys/Studies/Stats, 2012). There are several situations that may lead to homelessness but some of the more common reasons are: a missed paycheck, a health emergency, or an unpaid bill. These will create a crisis, pushing people out of their homes and in to homelessness. Despite diverse causes, almost all forms of homelessness are tied to poverty (Karger & Stoesz, 2010). Although there are policies to govern the issue of homelessness, there is room for reform and amendments in the legislation. Definition The level of significance we ascribe to homelessness very much depends on how the term is defined. In conducting the first census of the homeless in 1933, sociologist...
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... Liability for fees Liability for all fees begins as soon as completed application forms are submitted to the University and the student is accepted. The signing of the application form establishes the legal liability of the student and his/her other funder for the payment of all fees as determined by the Council. This can vary according to the student's circumstances. These fees are published in the annual Rhodes University Calendar, and are available on the WEB. In any discussions or negotiations about fees, it will be assumed that a student and his/her other funder have made themselves aware of the provisions of this section and of the equivalent fees schedule. While the University attempts to keep fees as low as possible, student fees usually increase annually by approximately 10% per annum. Ignorance of the fees payable does not provide grounds for avoiding liability for any fees due and payable. Alteration of fees The University Council reserves the right to alter all fees payable to the University, or to impose a fees surcharge if circumstances require it. In the case of an alteration of fees or the imposition of a fees surcharge, notice will be sent to all registered students. Nonreceipt of such a notice does not provide grounds for avoiding liability for the contents of the notice. Arrears ...
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...The City is also waiting to invest in improvements, such as parks and ocean spaces (King-Spadina Residents Association, 2008). With only a little work to meet fire codes, a basement apartment can be added to a residence, greatly enhancing the property value, encouraging population growth, and consequently market growth for local businesses. When a cities revenue is based on the property value of their jurisdiction, they have an incentive to increase land value. Therefore Ontario's growth is credited to a slow and steady process of development and...
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...discuss the conventional division of private and public law is to some extent a false dichotomy. In order to achieve this aim it is necessary to inform that the writer, will examine the Children Act 1989 (CA 1989), giving examples of case law. This will include a brief background of implementation of private and public law into the Act. The next section will identify the similarities and differences in private and public law cases by comparing and contrasting case law. The current regulatory legal framework for contact issues in the public and private law context will be discussed by evaluating how the children’s views are considered. Further in the section the children’s representation in the public and private law arena will be touched on considering the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child 1990 (UNCRC 1990), implications of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA 1998), and the incorporation of the of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) bearing in mind that the Children Act was outlined with a consideration to the convention. Throughout the chapters I will refer to relevant case law, statute, drawing attention to how both private and public law cases can have elements of both private and public law and amalgamation of some cases. There will be a brief discussion to address the different treatment of parties mainly kinship carers within the public and private division and if this could be considered as discriminatory. The discussion will conclude by evaluating...
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...| Certified copies have been attached of the syllabi and graduation certificates/ marksheets for all educational qualification listed | ( ) | 7. | Marks sheets etc. for the minimum qualifications required by the student to qualify for his course of choice have been attached | ( ) | 8. | Synopsis of proposed area of research by have been attached by this student who is applying for doctoral/ post doctoral course | ( ) | 9. | This application is for a B.E. course and has the confirmation the candidate has taken Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) in his/her school living examinations (mandatory requirement) for Engineering courses | ( ) | 10. | Video/audio cassettes of students wishing to study performing Arts are enclosed. | ( ) | 11. | Certified copies of translations of documents which are not in English are attached | ( ) | 12. | Certified that no original documents attached with this application | ( ) | 13. | Certificate of Physical fitness is attached | ( ) | 14. | Character recommendations are attached | ( ) | 15. | Certificate by Mission including certification of student’s...
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...Regional Thematic Study: Management of the External Borders of the EU and its Impact on the Human Rights of Migrants Concept Note Introduction Globalisation, demographic and climate change, war, conflict, human rights violations and societal transformations have been contributing to movements of people all around the world. There are an estimated 214 million international migrants worldwide, of whom 44 million are reportedly forcibly displaced and an estimated 50 million are living and working abroad in irregular situations1. Although migration to and from the European region is not a new phenomenon, since the 1990s this region has witnessed a sharp increase in migration movements. In particular, growing numbers of migrants, from within Europe, Africa and further afar are making their way across the Mediterranean and Atlantic oceans, and through overland routes in the hope of entering European Union (EU). Indeed, with 42,672 km of external borders and 8,826 km of land borders, the Schengen free-movement area comprises 26 countries (including four non-EU states) with over 300 million crossings at the external borders in 2009 alone. While migration policies have traditionally been the domain of individual EU Member States, the EU has in the past two decades engaged in a process of harmonisation of the rules of admission and residence of third country nationals and established a common EU policy. In particular since the 1990s the EU has developed an important apparatus...
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...An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 5 (3), Serial No. 20, May, 2011 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Local Government Administration and Development: A Survey of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria (Pp. 148-156) Otoghile, Aiguosatile - Department of Political Science, and Public Administration, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Edigin, Lambert Uyi - Department of Political Science, and Public Administration, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria E-mail: lambertedigin@yahoo.com Abstract The need to escape conditions of underdevelopment by the provision of adequate facilities for its citizenry is the concern of any nation state. It has also been accepted that this is better done by bringing government closer to the people. This underscores the philosophy behind the creation of local governments. In Nigeria however, it is sad to note that local governments have performed far below expectations in the above direction. It is in this wise that this paper takes a survey of the opinions of people in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Using simple percentages to analyze responses to questions, the authors found out that though funds available to local governments are grossly inadequate, there is the general impression that the little money made available are directed into private pockets. It is our recommendations that local governments should increase their revenue base and also ensure...
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...Mahmood1, Ghulam Yasin2, Babar Shahbaz3 1 Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Sociology, B. Z. University, Multan, Pakistan; 3Department of Agri. Extension, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. * corresponding author’s e.mail: izhark99@yahoo.com The people living in one part of the world basically moved to other parts for the purpose of taking up permanent or semi-permanent residence, usually across a political boundary. People migrate with the hope of improvement of living conditions of their families left behind. This study aims to explore the impact of international migration on the families left behind in the agrarian communities of district Toba Tek Singh of the Punjab province. Multistage sampling technique was used for the purpose of data collection. One tehsil from Toba Tek Singh district was selected through simple random sampling technique. Four union councils from out of 32 union councils and 30 respondents from each union council were selected. Convenient sampling technique and Snowball sampling technique was used in the selection of a sample of 120 respondents (wives of migrants). A strong positive relationship was found between migration and socio-economic protection of agrarian families left behind; however majority of left behind wives and children felt loneliness and insecurity due migration of their family heads. Keywords: international migration, socio-economic problems...
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...Running Head: RESEARCH STUDY ON PERSUASIVE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION Research Study on Persuasive Effects of Communication University of Phoenix Research Study on Persuasive Effects of Communication Respondents completed public opinion surveys regarding preferred options for local government, conducted by the Local Government Commission for England and Wales. The surveys included a briefing to ensure that the respondents were adequately informed. A detailed analysis of the first results from Durham and Cleveland counties indicated that the social characteristics of the respondents who changed their preferences after the briefing were only marginally atypical compared with those of the other respondents, but that district of residence was an unexpectedly important factor. A change in preferred option did not seem to be related in any simple manner to the information that was provided in the briefing. The findings from this field research are discussed in the context of experimental studies of persuasive communication, with an emphasis on communication coherence and complexity. Research Purpose SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE MADE a significant contribution to researchers' knowledge about the effects of persuasive communications. Numerous carefully controlled and well-reported experimental studies have pinpointed the effects of communicator variables, respondent variables, communication content, and setting variables on attitudes (summarized in Hovland, Janis, & Kelly...
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...INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS APPLICATION FORM FOR ICCR SCHOLARSHIPS FOR FOREIGN NATIONALS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-15 Please tick Scholarship Scheme for which application is being made: | | | |( ) |General Scholarship Scheme (GSS; formerly known as General Cultural Scholarship Scheme or GCSS) | |( ) |Scholarships under bilateral Cultural Exchange Programmes (CEP Scholarship) | |( ) |Scholarships for students from Commonwealth Countries (ICCR’s Commonwealth Scholarship Plan) | |( ) |Scholarships for students from African Countries | |( ) |Scholarships for students from SAARC Countries | |( ) |Scholarships for students from Mekong Ganga Co-operation (MGC) Countries | |( ) |AYUSH Scholarships to study Indian Traditional Medicine Systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha...
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...the information requires strict protection according to HIPAA act. According to the study he had permission to take the laptop and hard drive home from his supervisor. The information was stolen from his residence which he reported immediately to the local law enforcement and his immediate supervisor. Unfortunately his supervisor did not escalate it in a timely manner which was another mistake made in this situation. Auditors informed the Veterans affairs of the lack of cyber security, the agency took a lackadaisical approach to fixing the problems. The agency waited until May 22, 2006 to inform the people that were affected by the loss of information. If the security measures were in place the loss would have been a lot less. The cost was estimated between 100 million and 500 million. The information should have as a minimum been encrypted allowing protection, and making it harder for someone to retrieve the data off both the laptop and the hard drive. This would allow them the ability to mitigate the loss of data. The Veterans affair needs to implement a security plan and also conduct annual training. This would ensure compliance with securing sensitive data and the ability to protect it. The cost of both the encryption and the security plan would be less than the cost of this incident happening again. A plan should be put in place for the auditors’ suggestions and be looked at by a council and implemented as soon as possible if warranted....
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...know? * Read reference, use own language and relate to our issue or project subject. * Focus on answering project issue / aims of project; * 15 references in own words; paragraph; * how to reflect to own project, what issues; 1 Article one * The warning by Reserve Bank governor Graeme Wheeler in February that the nation's housing market -- particularly in Auckland -- was at risk of a "sharp correction, leading to financial instability" (a polite way of saying banks might get into trouble) didn't appear to alarm many. * As Charles P. Kindle-berger says in his seminal Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises: "Speculative manias gather speed through expansion of money and credit or perhaps, in some cases, get started because of an initial expansion of money and credit. Easy credit. Q1 * Risk-weightings at the "standardised banks" such as Kiwibank, TSB, SBS and the Co-operative Bank start from 35 per cent, but a Reserve Bank spokesman told North & South that risk weights for the Big Four's housing loans "are generally between 26 and 31 per cent". Consequently, a $100,000 mortgage maybe counted as only a $26,000 loan on their ledgers -- meaning banks can hose the housing market with money since they have to hold less cash in their reserves. Q1 * "I believe this is finally when the migration numbers are becoming a reality. This surge in population growth is beginning to add to demand and the earliest indications are in surging asking...
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...The first half of the fourth century in Christendom was a turning point in the History of the Church; a time that brought freedom, acceptance, and even favoritism by the state to the previously persecuted and outwardly oppressed community of believers; this was heralded the age of the Emperor Constantine the Great, (312 to 337 A.D), who was both the inward life and outward strength of the Church. The Roman Catholics present him as laying the foundation for the Papacy, Protestants see him as the one responsible for leading the early Church away from the simplicity of the pure gospel and turning it into an institutional Church. Thus this short paper seeks to explore the life of Constantine and his contribution to the Christian church. Family and Birth of Constantine: Flavius Valerius Constantinus, known as Constantine the Great, was born on February 27, c. 280, in Naissus, in the province of Moesia Superior (Serbia). Constantine's mother was named Helena, described as a barmaid, and his father was a military officer named Constantius. Constantius would become the Emperor Constantius I (Constantius Chlorus) and Constantine's mother would become famous as the canonized St. Helena. Helena is thought to have found a portion of the cross of Jesus.Constantine had for siblings, three half-sister and three half-brothers, the products of his father's marriage to a second woman of less shady background than Helena's. On October 28, 312, Emperor Constantine met Emperor Maxentius, his major...
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