...Pandemic Influenza: Prevention and Preparedness Now that, the flu season has already started, knowing your risk factors, prevention, and preparedness is really important to review. Influenza, commonly know as “the flu”, is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza A or B viruses. The illness appears most frequently from late fall to early spring and attacks the body by spreading through the respiratory tract. According to Flu.gov (2012), pandemic occurs when we have global disease outbreak and is determined by how many deaths it causes and how it spreads. Possible outbreak causes nurses and health care professional to prepare possible plan of action that balances between overreacting and just the right way to go. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to outline prevention strategies and possible outbreak control. Summary of an Article The article chosen for this assignment was published in May/June 2012, in the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice (Potter et.al, 2012). The authors point out that the difference in emergency preparedness amongst states can significantly delay distribution of vaccines in case of pandemic. The study “explored the effect of variations in states’ levels of preparedness by linking the SNS (Strategic National Stockpile) to calibrated delays in emergency vaccine distribution and by comparing how the delays would affect influenza infection rated within and among states” (Potter et.al, 2012). The research also shows that...
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...department heads to identify all their customers in order to effectively market the department’s services. Respiratory Care performs both inpatient and outpatient services which encompasses a variety of customers. Once these customers have been established it is important to have a successful plan in place to assess and mange the satisfaction of all the department customers to ensure continuing growth. Customer Customers can vary greatly depending on the service being provided. For inpatient procedures the customer can include the patient that is receiving a therapy, family members that are concerned or taking care of their loved one, physicians that are prescribing care or consulting on the patient, nurses, case workers, or any other ancillary service that assist in the patient’s care. The list is very similar for patients receiving outpatient services as well. Customers are truly anyone that we come in contact with and provide a service. There are times as a respiratory department we will also seek out our customers in the community, for example, asthma education in the public school system. Customer in this setting would be the student, parents, teachers, aides, and the school nurse. There is also the internal customers that the respiratory departments work with everyday to include other ancillary department and our own coworkers. There is a long list of customers that respiratory therapists attend to on a daily basis and it is necessary to remember the list does not end with the...
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...Running Head: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS Respiratory Syncytial Virus Breanna Kennelly Apollo College Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract infection in patients of all ages and is one of the most popular diseases of childhood. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in infants and young children. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) and pneumonia in children under one year of age in the United States. During the first year of life, most infants are infected with the virus. Most RSV infected children encounter symptoms in the upper respiratory tract and 20% to 30% develop lower respiratory tract disease with their first infection (www.appredbook.com). Certain conditions such as preterm birth, heart and lung disease and immunodeficiency increase the risk for severe RSV tract illness. RSV bronchiolitis could likely be related with short or long term complications including recurrent wheezing and oddity in pulmonary function. It is not uncommon for re-infection with RSV to occur throughout life. The virus presents similar to other respiratory infections and the common cold with symptoms including cough, wheezing, retractions, rales, tachypnea, shortness of breath, fever (usually low-grade), cyanosis, and runny nose. In very young infants sepsis...
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...APPLICATION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH & POPULATION-FOCUSED NURSING VWT Task 2 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Kelly Belcher 307442 Western Governors University ("INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA & INGENIERIA DE ECOSISTEMAS: RUSSIAN REPORT WARNS OF GRAVE MONSANTO THREAT TO WORLD," n.d.) I chose to do this assignment about the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is caused by the coronavirus MERS-CoV. I have never heard of this condition, and arbitrarily picked it because my best friend’s last name is Corona. I was interested to learn that, ironically, the only known case in the US was in Indiana, where I live. “Coronaviruses are common viruses that most people get some time in their life. Human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses” ("CDC - Coronavirus - About," n.d.), but >30% of people who have MERS will die from it ("CDC - Coronavirus - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - MERS-CoV," n.d.). MERS was originally diagnosed in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is a virus that attacks the respiratory tract. Typically the people who test positive for the virus show the same symptoms. They have a fever, cough, and shortness of breath and may also have pneumonia, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. To discuss the epidemiological determinants of this disease I first needed to establish a working definition. “A determinant is any factor or variable that can affect the frequency with which a disease occurs in a population”...
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...acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is contagious and potentially life threatening form of pneumonia which was first detected in February 2003 in Asia and it spread to various countries in Europe, North America and South America before it was declared as SARS 2003 global outbreak (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004). SARS is an acute respiratory tract illness caused by an infectious virus transmitted from person to person. Various pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases are respiratory syncytical virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (WHO, 2007). In 2003, various scientists across the world started investigating the virus with the help of electron microscopy and virus discovery microarrays. The new coronavirus was inoculated in monkeys which caused interstitial pneumonia similar to SARS (Holmes, 2003). This newly identified acute viral respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus is a positive-stranded RNA virus with genome containing nucleocapsid protein, membrane proteins and spike protein which forms the typical “coronavirus” structure (Lashley & Durham, 2007). Spreading of the SARS virus is due to close human-to-human contact such as direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of a patient infected with SARS and eating or drinking with them from the same utensil. The virus that causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets...
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...including people with disabilities in identifying needs in evaluating operational management. The issues identified with people of disabilities include notification, evacuation, transportation, sheltering, access to information, medication, refrigeration, backup power, and to mobility devices or service animals en route to shelter. Emergency preparedness is pertinent for every community because it could be a life-threatening situation. Summary of the event that took place at the Neighborhood community as read under the course materials section in the newspaper articles and scenarios in the Pearson Health Science Neighborhood in season two, episode five from University of Phoenix student website. The Neighborhood has a population of 64,200, localized close to a forest and beside the bank of a river. The community has been experiencing fire out-break for five days and had caused irreversible damage to the land, it has destroyed huge acres of land and may be a threat to the town because of the windy climate. The people are developing respiratory problems because of the fire’s closeness to the city. The city officials are stipulating everyone in the community to remain indoor except it is necessary to do so because of the air pollution from the smoke. The fire fighters are...
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...superiority, and the amount of population involved in studies, interventions, tests and differing conditions. Since even the most cited sources are open to refute or challenges, there is a need to create a summary that reduces uncertainty. Most review sources and articles take on a form of narrative, whereby the content professionals write regarding a specified field. Reviews have a lot of benefits including a wide range of summary of relevant data tempered by years of handy knowledge. In many circumstances, readers and researchers opt for information about specific information on topics and require a high standard of assertion that available information is comprehensive and objective. At such a point, a reader turns to a quantitative synopsis of literature. A systematic review (Sterne, Egger, 2001 p. 89) takes account of processes that make out all studies specified for a particular question, which may be collected from research and other sources. A systematic review also evaluates methods used in the studies, summarizes the findings, as well as cites weaknesses for knowledge. In a systematic review, all verdicts used to accumulate data are explicit, which allows a researcher to determine for themselves the standards of the appraisal process and the capability of bias. In this case, systematic reviews have tendencies to be...
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...F89393 Product Use Description : Ceramic Material Company : UOP LLC 25 E. Algonquin Road Des Plaines, IL 60017-5017 USA +1-847-391-2000 +1-847-391-2953 Medical (PROSAR): 1-800-498-5701 or +1-651-523-0309 Transportation (CHEMTREC): 1-800-424-9300 or +1-703-527-3887 (24 hours/day, 7 days/week) Telephone Telefax In case of emergency call : : : : : SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview Form Color Odor Hazard Summary : Balls, pellets or tower packing : off-white : none : Repeated or prolonged exposure may irritate eyes, skin and respiratory system. Repeated and prolonged inhalation of crystalline silica in the form of quartz from occupational sources may cause cancer. Potential Health Effects Skin : Prolonged skin contact may cause skin irritation. Page 1 / 16 SAFETY DATA SHEET 3/4" SUPPORT MATERIAL F89393 Version 1.0 Revision Date 11/03/2012 Print Date 02/20/2013 Eyes Ingestion Inhalation : Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause eye irritation. : The product is considered to have a low order of oral toxicity. : Exposure to dust particles generated from this material may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. Repeated and prolonged inhalation of crystalline silica in the form of quartz from occupational sources may cause cancer. : Prolonged or repeated inhalation may cause lung injury/cancer. : Contact with skin and eyes. Exposure may also occur via inhalation or ingestion if product dust is generated. Chronic Exposure Primary...
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...estimated that around 90% of Legionnaires’ disease cases are caused by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila. Other types include L. longbeachae, L. feeleii, L. micdadei and L. anisa (Fields, et al., 2002). This serious lung infection causes inflammation of the alveoli and consolidation due to the host’s immune response to the bacterial invasion. This could ultimately impair the basic functions of the lungs and can lead to a life-threatening situation if untreated. The Legionella bacteria are found naturally in fresh water and soil and can also contaminate man-made water systems such as cooling towers, hot water tanks, heaters, showers, air conditioners, decorative fountains, swimming pools, grocery store mist sprayers and hot tubs. Legionnaires’ disease is commonly spread by inhalation of aerosolized infectious particles and less commonly spread by aspiration of contaminated drinking water or working around contaminated soil. It is rare for this disease to be spread between people (McDade et al., 1977). Most healthy individuals exposed to Legionella do not develop pneumonia. Individuals at increased risk of developing this lung infection include those...
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...Molecules of Murder Summary 5 Chapter 9 Summary: Chapter 9 of Molecules of Murder focuses on the molecule called Paraquat, which is most commonly use as a weed killer. Paraquat is basically a highly concentrated version of dichloride, which is very common and can be seen used in farms all across the world. Due to modern safety measures, it is now almost impossible to kill someone using Paraquat, because various different chemicals are mixed in with this poison to rid the negative effects. But when Paraquat first came to use in the 60s, these chemicals were not added, meaning that anyone with access to the commonly used weed killer could easily murder someone or commit suicide. During the time, it was hard to diagnose someone who died of Paraquat poisoning, which made the poison more...
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...Pathophysiology essay Lung compliance and its disorders Philippe Wöllenstein Study group 3052; Topic No.62 29.04.2015 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract ------------------------------------------------- The essay comprises an introduction explaining the term pulmonary compliance. The next section includes a definition and characteristics of the group of diseases-restrictive pulmonary disorders. Further on a short summary of restrictive lung diseases and especially their cause follows trying to contribute a better knowledge of the topic to the reader. In the end the reader can find a short conclusion. Table of contents General information about lung compliance Restrictive pulmonary diseases intrinsic restrictive lung diseases Extrinsic restrictive lung diseases 1. Neurological disorders 2. Neurodegenerative-autoimmune-inherited disorders III. Conclusion IV. Resources I. General information about lung compliance Compliance is a measure of the elasticity of body tissues. The latter specifies how much gas or liquid can be filled in a closed system until the pressure rises up to one pressure unit. To understand the mechanism of the pulmonary compliance it is important to define the The alveolar pressure first. The latter is the pressure found inside the alveolus at any instant of the respiration. Thus at resting position, without any air flowing in or out of the lung , the pressure found in the alveolus is equal 0cm...
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...1. Musculoskeletal system :joint pain, muscle ache. 2. Urogenital system:Acute kidney injury, 3. Hematological system: anaemia, 4. Respiratory system:Acute respiratory distress 5. Cardiovascular system: enlarged heart and palpitations. CAUSES OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE. Sickle cell anemia is known majorly to be caused by gene mutation of the normal cell structure of the Red blood cell but this can always be precipitated by the following factors as follows: 1. Local tissue hypoxia 2.Dehydration secondary to a viral illness by parvovirusB19, or nausea and vomiting, all of which lead to hypertonicity of the plasma, may induce sickling. 3.Acidosis 4. Infection 5. Exposure to cold 6. Alcohol intoxication 7. Psychosocial stress and pregnancy can increase the sickling process.(medscape2017) SIGNS AND...
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...is between 3-10 years (mean = 4.1 years) Vaginal Discharge in the Prepubertal Girl Why are prepubertal girls at risk? • Prepubertal anatomy and phyiosolgy • Behavioral factors Vaginal Discharge in the Prepubertal Girl Why are prepubertal girls at risk? • Prepubertal anatomy and phyiosolgy play a major etiological role in vaginal discharge • Hormonal milieu is… Vaginal Discharge in the Prepubertal Girl No labial fat pads and pubic hair Mucosa is thin, lacks cornification, and has a neutral to alkaline pH Labia minora is thin Close proximity of the vagina to the anal opening Why are prepubertal girls at risk? • Behavioral factors Children’s tendency to poor hygiene Poor hand washing Spread of respiratory bacteria from hand to perineum Inadequate cleansing of the vulva after voiding or after bowel movements Children’s tendency to explore their bodies Irritants against the vulva Vaginal Discharge in the Prepubertal Girl Approach to Evaluation • Evaluation always begins with a very thorough history-taking (given by the parent, caregiver, or the older child herself) • In general, ask if there is any concern regarding sexual abuse (usually an unvoiced worry) Vaginal Discharge in the Prepubertal Girl Approach to Evaluation • Ask about: duration of illness use of medications hygiene techniques use of hygiene products infections in other household members skin disorders urinary and bowel habits masturbation (genital...
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...ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults Many individuals suffer from a respiratory condition known as asthma and experience the acute and sometimes chronic effects of this disorder. This disorder often presents itself in an individual exhibiting the hallmark signs and symptoms of breathlessness, wheezing and coughing, due to the airway wall being inflamed and smooth muscle bronchospams. At this time it is imperative to assess the situation and take the appropriate action. Research shows that there is various causes to why inflammation and bronchospasm obstruct the airway, making it difficult to pin point any one cause. This article states that atopy has been identified as a risk factor, as well as exposure to allergens can increase or induce an asthma attack (GINA: the Global Initiative for Asthma, Global strategy for asthma management and prevention). There are many factors that can affect any one person with this condition, such as heredity, obesity, smoke, exercise, upper respiratory tract infections, perfumes and certain occupations can trigger respiratory distress with an asthmatic episode. There are other treatment considerations that evaluate and treating other conditions may help resolve asthma management. The conditions such as gastroesophgeal reflux disease, rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyposis may improve some symptoms for asthmatic individuals if such conditions exist. Most cases of asthma are managed with drug therapy with an inhaler or oral medication...
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...Fraud, Greed and Corporate Governance Case Summary During the 1990s, Richard M. Scrushy, the former CEO of HealthSouth Corporation, engineered many acquisitions of rehabilitation clinics, outpatient surgical care operators, nursing homes and other health care companies. Mr. Scrushy had been a respiratory therapist who spotted a niche in the health care market and utilized his entrepreneurial talents, marketing skills, and super salesmanship to set up and run what became the third largest publicly held company in Alabama. Eventually, HealthSouth became the largest provider of ambulatory surgery and rehabilitative health care services in the United States with 1,700 facilities and 51,000 employees. In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused the company and Mr. Scrushy of inflating earnings to the tune of $1.4 billion since 1999. In November 2003, a federal grand jury indicted Mr. Scrushy on 85 counts including conspiracy, securities fraud, money laundering and charges related to overstating HealthSouth’s earnings by nearly $3.0 billion. According to federal investigators, the company overstated earnings to meet analysts’ earning estimates, while hiding the accounting fraud from the auditors. However, questions were raised whether the auditors failed to find or simply overlooked the fraud at HealthSouth. Central to the investigation was the issue of what role Mr. Scrushy played in “cooking the books.” However, as the case unfolded, it highlighted many other issues...
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