...Instructor’s Manual with Test Items to accompany Applied Behavior Analysis Second Edition John O. Cooper ● Timothy E. Heron ● William L. Heward All, The Ohio State University Prepared by Stephanie Peterson, Idaho State University ● Renée K. Van Norman, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Lloyd Peterson, Idaho State University ● Shannon Crozier, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Jessica E. Frieder, Idaho State University ● Peter Molino, Idaho State University ● Heath Ivers, Idaho State University ● Shawn Quigley, Idaho State University ● Megan Bryson, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● David Bicard, University of Memphis [pic] Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education...
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...Yisi Zuo SOC 101 Gender Differences and Social Work Intervention in China Introduction Professional activity is one of the most important human activities in modern society; its effects permeate all areas of personal, family and social life. As China's market economy development and social transformation, and increasingly fierce competition in the labor market, unemployment and the rising threat of job flows down, various pressures caused by occupational activities are turned into a widespread social phenomenon. Social development is sustainable, inappropriate occupational stress is not only not conducive to human physical and mental health, family harmony, organizational effectiveness, from a long-term point of view to harmonious and sustainable economic and social development will have a negative impact. Occupational stress mechanisms, manifestations and reaction of certain differences exist in different populations. From a gender perspective, we can see that female occupational stress problem is very prominent. Thus, gender differences in occupational stress is becoming a psychology, sociology, economics, management, organizational behavior, and other subjects of concern to many disciplines. In view of this, angles of social work, this paper, combined with the gender difference in occupational stress survey data, create female occupational stress management and mitigation of social work intervention mechanisms with a view to achieving ease female occupational stress and...
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...Interventions for Children with Autism Name Institution Tutor Date Interventions for Children with Autism Individuals with autism demonstrate delays or deficits in social interaction and behaviours. Autism is apparent from early childhood, but can emerge in early adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of possible causes, but genetic factors are the main causes. Children with autism have impairments in cognition, language delays, and lack of or poor social interactions. Lack of communication may force these children to adopt repetitive behaviours such as self-inflicted injuries and violence. The teaching process requires interventions that address the repetitive behaviours, skill development, and play activities that promote communication and social interactions. Several authors have discussed different intervention models that are discussed in the sections below. Rita Jordan-Behavioural and Communication Intervention TEACCH Programme The programme is community based and targets children and adults with autism and communication disabilities. TEACCH aims at developing communication skills among autistic children, and help them work and play independently of adults (Jordan, Jones and Murray, 1998). The development of communication skills is based on their understanding capability and their ability to express themselves. The programme teaches several ways of communication, such as the use of photographs and pictures, symbols and words...
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...of Early Childhood Behavioral Intervention Strategies for Autism: Applied Behavior Analysis, Pivotal Response Training, and Denver Early Start Model Autism has been studied for many years to establish its characteristics, causes and treatments. Although a concrete cause has not been established to date, we are able to identify common characteristics and treatments to provide a greater chance of children becoming successful, contributing adults in today’s society. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has a wide range of disabilities and abilities. Some children on the spectrum are very severely affected in most or all domains of functioning, while others are only mildly affected (Heward, 2005). For the purpose of this...
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...in nursing facilities. The study investigated the effects of “reinforce[ing] positive and ignor[ing] undesired verbal responses (Green, et. al, p. 329). As speculated, both men were allowed to remain in their own homes and verbal communication dramatically improved. Both participants in the study were being cared for by their wives and were referred to the study by local hospitals. Mr. Orr, aged 67, suffered a stroke 3 months before the research study began. He lived in an upper class suburb with sufficient economic resources. Following the stroke, he often answered questions with inappropriate answers, and rarely engaged in “spontaneous or unprompted” conversation (Green, et. al, p. 330). Mr. Ford, aged 63, suffered a series of strokes for 15 years and resided in a small home in a low-income urban neighborhood. He was verbally abusive, particularly to his wife and often accused her of being unfaithful. Design and Intervention All sessions were conducted in the participants’ homes and were conducted by practitioners with graduates whose specialties were in gerontological behavior and rehabilitation. The independent variable (IV) in both studies was the methods used to reduce verbal deficits though methods differed in each case. The dependent variable (DV) was the frequency of problematic verbal communications. Both wives practice the intervention techniques with practitioners before administering treatment to their...
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...Situation Analysis – 1-1 Situation Analysis – An Approach and Method for Analyzing the Context of Projects and Programme j:\cc69\nmm\website docs\situation analysis\situation analysis approach and method.doc Global M&E Initiative 1-2 An Approach and Method for Analyzing the Context of Projects and Programme Notes: j:\cc69\nmm\website docs\situation analysis\situation analysis approach and method.doc Global M&E Initiative An Approach and Method for Analyzing the Context of Projects and Programme 1-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THE RATIONALE FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS IN IUCN ............................................ 5 2. THE BASIC STEPS INVOLVED IN SITUATION ANALYSIS ......................................... 6 3. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICE............................................................. 7 PARTICIPATORY ........................................................................................................................... 7 OUTWARD LOOKING..................................................................................................................... 7 LEARNING FROM OTHERS ............................................................................................................. 7 USING THE FRAMEWORK OF PEOPLE AND ECOSYSTEMS ................................................................ 7 DATA BASED NOT ANECDOTAL..................................................................................................... 7...
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...fact, it is based on the very method of data collection and data analysis outcomes of the research study get determined (Davison 1998). The methodology also helps to decide the process of data collection...
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...10 Combination HIV Prevention: Tailoring and Coordinating Biomedical, Behavioural and Structural Strategies to Reduce New HIV Infections A UNAIDS Discussion Paper UNAIDS – JC2007 (English original, September 2010) © Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2010. All rights reserved. Publications produced by UNAIDS can be obtained from the UNAIDS Content Management Team. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate UNAIDS publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution— should also be addressed to the Content Management Team at the address below, or by fax, at +41 22 791 4835, or e-mail: publicationpermissions@unaids.org. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by UNAIDS in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by UNAIDS to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any...
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...ent Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Joshua Stewart Kaplan University PS360- Unit 4 Assignment Prof. Chrystal Ayala June 15, 2015 Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Applied Behavioral Analysis is a natural science that aims to systematically apply intervention processes using the behavior learning theory in order to remove or change undesirable socially significant behaviors (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007). Applied behavioral analysis can be applied in many setting and situations and the intervention process and techniques depend on those settings and individual situations. Applied behavioral analysis is used to modify target behaviors that can occur in the home, in the community, in an educational setting, and is even used to aid in treatment for rehabilitation programs. Through the use of different components of ABA such as operant conditioning, reinforcement, modification programs, and extinction to name a few, one will develop a behavioral modification plan to best suit each client’s specific needs. In the first case, Bobby is an 8-year-old boy who cannot keep his room cleaned or organized despite the fact that he is constantly reminded by his father to do so. Mr. Kelley would like to establish a modification process for Bobby to encourage him to keep his bedroom clean on a regular basis. First the target behavior and modification process must be identified in order to determine the appropriate...
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...Learning Disabilities Assessment and Interventions Educ 205 Article 1: Evaluation: What does it mean for Your Child? By: PACER Center (2007) This article discusses the identification and importance of determining whether or not a student has a disability. The excerpt focuses on why an evaluation is essential when determining a child’s functional level and development. It also discusses the varying assessments that are possible when evaluating a student. Some of these assessments include group tests, individual tests, curriculum-based assessments, standardized tests, and more. This specific article was chosen simply because it plays a key role when measuring the educational needs for students. This article would more than likely be appealing to parents who suspect that their child may have a disability. An important factor mentioned in this article strongly reassures parents that they have a slew of information to submit when preparing to get their child evaluated. In order for a child to be eligible for special education services, the child needs to be evaluated through appropriate assessment. Some of this information from a parent may include: -medical information -comparing the child's progress to typical child development -observing how the child functions in school, at home, or in the community -interviews with parents and school staff (Pacer Center, 2007). As an educator, this information...
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...The Northern Territory Intervention and Closing the Gap Initiative: A Comparative Review Introduction The Northern Territory Intervention and the Closing the Gap Initiative are two Federal Government policies that are designed to end the disparity between the health of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. There are limited similarities between these two policies, however many differences, including the involvement of the Indigenous community in the creation and management of the policies and the aims of the policies; the effectiveness of these policies has been attributed to the level of involvement within the Indigenous community. The Northern Territory Emergency Response The Northern Territory Intervention was implemented in June 2007 in order to protect Aboriginal children from sexual abuse; this involved heavy regulation of the community member’s lives, and many people did not approve. The Intervention program was initiated in response to allegations of sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities during August 2006; this prompted an enquiry into methods to protect children, and on the 15th of June 2007, the “Little Children are Sacred” report was released (Calma, 2008). Following this, the federal government created a policy in the Northern Territory on the 23rd June 2007 called the Northern Territory Emergency Response, also labelled as “The Intervention” (Calma, 2008). The changes that were implemented in this Intervention policy include the removal of the permit...
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...for Patients with Prostate Cancer.” The authors undertook a research study to examine whether specialized discharge education counseling increased prostate cancer patients satisfaction with their care and education related to their chronic health problems after radiation therapy. My examination systematically focuses on specific aspects of the article in terms of process and validity of research methods and results. I have attempted to develop a cohesive and unified explanation which not only expounds the particulars of the research but which also formulates a clear interpretation of that research throughout. I suggest that the lack of communication of the researchers in this article about their methods of sample selecting and data analysis greatly reduces the validity and generalizability of their findings. Critique of Colella & Gejerman’s Study “Survivorship Health Information Counseling for Patients with Prostate Cancer” In their article, “Survivorship Health Information Counseling for Patients with Prostate Cancer,” (Colella & Gejerman, 2013) outline a quasi-experimental research design involving two sample groups (one experimental and one control) of fifty-two males with prostate cancer that had undergone radiation therapy. In their introduction to the article, the authors state that “survivorship care if often overlooked, and health care providers fail to include potential latent chronic problems resulting from cancer...
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...an approach that incorporates a variety of techniques and strategies to diagnose the causes and to identify likely interventions intended to address problem behaviors. In other words, the FBA looks beyond the demonstrated behavior and focuses, instead, upon identifying biological, social, affective, and environmental factors that initiate, sustain, or end the target behavior. This approach is important because it leads the observer beyond the “symptom” (the behavior) to the underlying motivation for it.” ( New Mexico Teachers Manual**** get correct citation***). There are several components that are involved prior...
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...Version 1 General Certificate of Education (A-level) January 2012 Economics (Specification 2140) Unit 1: Markets and Market Failure ECON1 Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2012 AQA...
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...Version 1 General Certificate of Education (A-level) January 2012 Economics (Specification 2140) Unit 1: Markets and Market Failure ECON1 Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2012 AQA...
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