...CASE STUDY PA503 FUNDAMENTALS OF AUDITING Audit Firm Contact Number JABATAN PERDAGANGAN Programme Section CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Email Materiality and Audit Risk Corporate Governance PROBLEM SOLVING CLO2 | LD2/P3 Instruction: Please answer ALL questions. | Part 1 NEW CLIENT ACCEPTANCE DECISION Learning Objectives After completing and discussing this case, you should be able to: 1. Understand the types of information relevant to evaluating a prospective audit client 2. List some of the steps an auditor should take in deciding whether to accept a prospective client 3. Identify and evaluate factors important in the decision to accept or reject a prospective client 4. Understand the process of making and justifying a recommendation regarding client acceptance INTRODUCTION Your accounting firm is a medium-sized, accounting firm in Malaysia, formed in 2012, mainly provides auditing and tax services. But it has recently had success in building the information-systems-consulting side of the business. Recently, your group has been assigned for the first time to perform audit engagement procedures for a small and medium-sized company in Malaysia. One of team member has been a senior auditor for the past three years. Your first assignment is to assist an audit partner on a client acceptance decision. The partner explains to you that the prospective client, Unggul Holdings Berhad, is a medium-sized textile company. The partner recently met the...
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...company which will investigate Ocean Manufacturing and upon evidence will decide whether to accept them as a client or not. Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. is a small- to medium- sized company which manufactures home appliances such as toasters, blenders, and trash compactors. In the past few years the company used to supply with moderate products at an affordable prices. The company sells its products to small retail stores at small quantity. And it only operates nationwide. However, the company is planning to be listed in NASDAQ and want their financial statements to be audited by a professional accounting firm. Internal Control of Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Cash and Account receivables control According to the case study, Ocean Manufacturing has high accounts receivables, and if high accounts receivables it means most of the company cash in wedged in receivables account. In addition to that, Ocean Manufacturing staffs are also frustrated because they said that receivables billings are often late and inaccurate. This information strongly tells that the company’s receivables control is very weak. However, this affects the cash control, thus weak cash control can lead to liquidity problems in the company whereby, company will face shortage of cash to meet its short term obligations. Inventory control Ocean Manufacturing’s accounting and control system have problems in tracking the inventory. In addition to that, several shipping deadlines have been missed...
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...ENRON: A CASE STUDY Q.1) Give the definition of earnings management. Discuss in what instances is earnings management acceptable and in what instances is it not acceptable? Earnings management is the process by which management can potentially manipulate the financial statements to represent what they wish to have happened during the period rather than what actually happened. Reasons why management may want to manage earnings include both internal and external pressures. Perhaps the most important section of this chapter is that of dealing with the common techniques used to manage earnings. It is through a thorough understanding of these methods that earnings management can be spotted. These strategies are important to know as an accountant, auditor, financial analyst, creditor, or investor. Healthy scepticism on the part of these various interests, and contributors, to the financial statements will further detection, and a reduction, of earnings management practices. By improving the quality of the information in financial statements, through better accounting standards and ethical behaviour, the cost of doing business decreases. Not only is this true with the cost of capital, as the chapter describes, but nowhere is it more clearly seen today than with the additional costs publicly traded companies are now faced with to come into compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Earnings management and unethical behaviour of the past is costing businesses more today...
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...intended to provide substantive evidence is provided by the reorganized Audit Standard 2305 Substantive Analytical Procedures effective December 31, 2016 in the following list: a. “Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of evaluations of financial information made by a study of plausible relationships among both financial and nonfinancial data. Analytical procedures range from simple comparisons to the use of complex models involving many relationships and elements of data. A basic premise underlying the application of analytical procedures is that plausible relationships among data may reasonably be expected to exist and continue in the absence of known conditions to the contrary. Particular conditions that can cause variations in these relationships include, for example, specific unusual transactions or events, accounting changes, business changes, random fluctuations, or misstatements (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, AS 2305.02).” b. “Analytical procedures are used as a substantive test to obtain evidential matter about particular assertions related to account balances or classes of transactions. In some cases, analytical procedures can be more effective or efficient than tests of details for achieving particular substantive testing objectives (PCAOB, AS 2305.04).” c. “Analytical procedures involve comparisons of recorded amounts, or ratios developed from recorded amounts, to expectations developed by the auditor...
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...Auditing and Assurance Services Table of Contents Meet the Audit Team 3 Partner Summary 5 Introduction 6 Part 1.1 a) Advanced Analytics in Professional Standards 6 Part 1.1 b) Academic Research on Advanced Analytical 6 Part 1.3 Simple Trend-line Regression 7 Part 2.1 Specific Risk of Material Misstatement 11 Part 2.2 An Appropriate Audit Program 12 Appendix 15 References 16 List of Key Audlish terms 17 Partner Summary In order to better understand the audit reports, we have documented academic research and existing audit standards relevant to planning stage APRs. This background information will provide a summary of professional standards and guidance directly related to APRs. First and foremost, every auditor must follow the standards called the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) which are set by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Important sections within the standards required to know include: Independence, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, and Communications about Control Deficiencies in Financial Statements, which includes nine rules that deal with identifying and reporting deficiencies found in financial statements. In the second part of our report, we prepared basic ARP’s and identified some key red flags for the Chevron Company. To access client viability, we used vertical and horizontal analysis, where we found...
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...The North Face Inc. | | A Case Study | | | | | | Table of Contents CASE BRIEF 3 CASE ABSTRACT: 3 AUDITOR’S DILEMMA: 3 AUDITOR’S QUESTION: 3 Research Questions: 3 CASE CONTEXT 4 Understanding of the North Face Entity 4 Understanding of the Entity’s Environment 6 INDUSTRY CONDITIONS 6 INDUSTRY LIFE CYCLE: 8 The Apparel Commodity Chain: 9 Demand and Competition 9 Regulatory Environment: 10 Revenue Recognition 11 Other External Factors: 12 Answer to Questions 13 Figure 1- The Apparel Creation-to-Sales Cycle 7 Figure 2 - The Fraud Triangle 19 Table 1 - Rules for Revenue Recognition in Manufacturing Industry 11 CASE BRIEF CASE ABSTRACT: Financial accountants and independent auditors commonly face challenging technical and ethical dilemmas while carrying out their professional responsibilities. This case profiles an accounting and financial reporting fraud orchestrated by the chief financial officer (CFO) of a major public company and his subordinates. The CFO, who was a CPA, took extreme measures to conceal the fraud from his company’s audit committee and independent auditors. Despite those measures, the independent auditors identified suspicious entries in the company’s accounting records that were a result of the CFO’s fraudulent scheme but did not properly investigate those items. Shortly before the fraud was publicly revealed, a partner of the company’s audit firm instructed his subordinates to...
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...and other accounting information at the business unit level. Of the many business units, few are to meet the Statutory Audit requirement by the competent state authority. The management teams meet up periodically to discuss the development and performance of business units and divisions in particular along with regular meetings with management at the consolidated level. All activities and performance indicators are adjusted for changes in the business environment and outlook. Alongside the regular meet-ups, Corporate Management team examines the business operations and financial results primarily through 2 key performance indicators. 1. Revenue of each business unit 2. Earnings before taxes Certain business units encounter several problems which lead to disturbing performance indicators. Division D tends to have the highest per Unit revenue mainly because no as such problem has been identified in the business operation at the Unit level in Division D. Problems such as claims, increased management expenses, major restructuring expense, low margins, poor...
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...(SSARS)……………………………………….…………….7 Other Services and Reports………………………………………………….…………….8 Information Technology (IT)……………………………………………………..…………9 Appendix AICPA Released Questions……………….…………….…………….……..….Appendix AUD-2 Internal Control The following is an excerpt from the Roger CPA Review Text books, which are included with purchase of the Roger CPA Review course. Written and updated by your instructor, Roger Philipp, CPA, the textbooks are the perfect companion to our dynamic lectures. www.RogerCPAreview.com AUD-2 Internal Control The second standard of fieldwork states: “The auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and the environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement (RMM) of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures.” For Financial Statement audits, the auditor expresses an opinion on the client's financial statements, not on their internal control structure. The reason the auditor is interested in the client's internal control structure is the...
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...Integrated case studies (Acc 4291) Case report 1 flat cargo berhad: An auditor’s conundrum Case Synopsis The case is related to one company known as Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB). FCB was one of the largest air freight companies in Malaysia which servicing several government linked companies including Freight Malaysia Berhad. FCB is a listed company and was registered as an investment holding company with several subsidiaries. Among its subsidiaries are FC Spare Sdn Bhd, Cargo Management Sdn Bhd, FCB (SPV) Ltd, Cargo Air Services Sdn Bhd and FC Air Ltd. FCB started its operations in 1997 with two aircrafts: a Boeing 737-200F and a Cessna Grand Caravan. FCB’s major shareholder in 1997 had been Bangor Berhad, which was part of a diversified international family owned conglomerate, the Miri Group. Up to 2005, FCB secured agreements with well-established companies such as Worldwide Express, United Parcel Services (UPS), Nationwide Express, Citylink, Bax Global and Nippon Express. The Chairman of FCB was Dato’ Ibrahim Samad who was also an independent non-executive director of the company. The top management team comprised of Mr Lim Loon Sim as Chief Executive Officer, Mr Ali bin Ahmad as the Executive Director and Mr Kim Boon Chok as the Chief Financial Officer. In 2005, FCB’s counter was ranked 4th in terms of capital gains and dividends to shareholders. Its share price at 31 December 2001 had been RM 1.89, but by end of 2005, the share price surged to RM10.60 per share...
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...Flat Cargo Berhad Presented by: ABDUL RAHMAN BIN YAACOB AFIFAH BINTI HALIM MAZIAH BINTI MOKHTAR MOHAMMAD AZWAN BIN BASHIRUN MOHD ZUBAIR BIN NOR AZMAN AC088467 AC088398 AC088445 AC088323 AC086470 Presented to: SIR AZWAN ABD RASHID NABILAH BINTI SAAD AC088349 INTEGRATED CASE STUDY ACSB 413 INTRODUCTION Company Background 1997 Started operations with 2 aircraft - Boeing 737-200F - Cessna Grand Caravan Operating Primarily -Air cargo carrier Principal activities of FCB Subsidiaries -Air Freight Service and Aircraft Ground handling service 15 September 2001 -Obtained listing in Bursa Malaysia Auditor -Kenyans & Associates In 2001 to 2004 -the have a fast growing at intra- Asian air express market -demand for express transportation Services increased. -give best delivering quality services and satisfying customer demand. FCB Wholly Owned Subsidiaries Cargo management Sdn Bhd Fc Spare Sdn Bhd FCB Wholly Owned Subsidiaries FC Air Ltd FCB (SPV) Ltd Cargo Air Service Sdn Bhd FCB secured agreements with well-established companies Up to 2005 Bax Global United Parcel Service (UPS) Express Worldwide Nippon Express CityLink Nationwide Express Top Management Team Dato’ Ibrahim Samad • Chairman • Independent non-executive director • Former of Directors General for Ministry of Transportation • As a Malaysia chamber of commerce’s former president Mr Lim Loon Sim • Chief Executive Officer (CEO) • Founder for FCB • Board...
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...Chapter 1: Assurance services: 认证业务 Independent professional services that improve the quality of information for decision makers. Attestation services: 鉴证服务 A type of assurance service in which the public accounting firm issues a written communication that expresses a conclusion about the reliability of a written assertion of another party. Audit of historical financial statements: A form of attestation services, the auditor issues a written report expressing an opinion about whether the F/S is in material conformity (一致) with accounting standards. e.g.: listed company must provide shareholders with annual financial statements that are audited by an independent accounting firm. Review of historical cost financial statements: A form of attestation services, a public accounting firm issues a written report that provides less assurance than an audit as to whether the financial statements are in material conformity with accounting standards. Auditing standards: Establish mandatory (强制) requirements and provide explanatory (解释) guidance to auditors in fulfilling their professional responsibilities in the audit of financial reports. Auditing: Is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. Auditing should be performed by a competent, independent person. Compliance audit: 合规性审计 One of three primary types of audits, a review of an organization’s financial records...
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...Auditing Cases instructor resource Manual f our th e d itio n Mark S. Beasley Frank A. Buckless Steven M. Glover Douglas F. Prawitt do not coPy or redistribute Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey ta b l e s e ct ion o f co n t e n t s 1 2 client acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S o l u tionS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. 3 The New Client Acceptance Decision s e ct ion Understanding the Client’s Business and assessing risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 S o l u tionS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 2.1 Your1040Return.com Evaluating eBusiness Revenue Recognition, Information Privacy, and Electronic Evidence Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 2.3 2.4 Dell Computer Corporation Evaluation of Client Business Risk Flash Technologies, Inc. Asher Farms Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Risk Analysis and Resolution of Client Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Understanding of Client’s Business Environment s e ct ion 3 Professional and ethical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 S o l u tio nS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey Staff Auditor Professional Pressures Nathan Johnson’s Rental Car Reimbursement Solving Ethical Dilemmas–Should...
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...Executive Summary In the performance of a risk-based audit, adequate planning is of paramount importance as it allows to direct the audit effort towards the areas expected to be most at risk of material misstatement. Additionally, adequate planning helps identify and resolve problems on a timely basis and allows the auditor to organize the engagement, including selecting suitably experienced team members to deal with specific risks, so that it can be performed in an effective and efficient manner. ISA 300 in particular requires setting out an overall audit strategy and a detailed audit plan. The overall audit strategy should indicate the scope of the work, the resources to be allocated to specific high-risk areas in terms of experienced staff or hours and the timing of the work. A more detailed audit plan follows on from the approach identified in the audit strategy and indicates the audit procedures to be performed in respect of specific items in the financial statements and their timing. The audit strategy and the audit plan are not necessarily separate documents or processes as they are strictly interrelated. For example the results of initial risk assessment procedures, like the entity’s business risk assessment or the assessment of internal control, will inform the planning for further audit procedures and, vice versa, the outcome of detailed audit procedures may be so different from what expected at the time of planning to require a modification of the audit strategy and...
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...Executive summery As professionals, certified public accountants perform an essential role in society. Consistent with that role, members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants have responsibilities to all those who use their professional services. Members also have a continuing responsibility to cooperate with each other to improve the art of accounting, maintain the public's confidence, and carry out the profession's special responsibilities for self-governance. We worked in this paper about the ethical dilemmas using an ethical framework, the AICPA code of rules and interpretation on independence and it’s importance and the requirements of other rules under the AICPA. We found that in some cases the rules of conduct is applied accurately and in other situations violation of code of conduct, rules of conduct is existed. Ethics in professional accountancy are of utmost importance. Now as the business and financial world is adopting international accounting and auditing standards, it is becoming all the more necessary to adhere to certain Code of Ethics prescribed by international and national accountancy bodies. Accountants practicing in all segments of accounting need to understand both the relevant ethical standards of accounting and the mechanisms for enforcing these ethical standards. Further, accountants need to have an understanding of how to apply these standards in practical situations. In 1988, the AICPA restructured the profession's Code of Conduct...
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...A.2 Case Waste Management Synopsis In February 1998 Waste Management announced that it was restating its financial statements for 1993 through 1996. In its restatement, Waste Management said that it had materially overstated its reported pretax earnings by $1.43 billion. After the announcement, the company’s stock dropped by more than 33 percent, and shareholders lost over $6 billion. The SEC brought charges against the company’s founder, Dean Buntrock, and five other former top officers. The charges alleged that management had made repeated changes to depreciation-related estimates to reduce expenses and had employed several improper accounting practices related to capitalization policies, also designed to reduce expenses.1 In its final judgment, the SEC permanently barred Buntrock and three other executives from acting as officers or directors of public companies and required payment from them of $30.8 million in penalties.2 History In 1956 Dean Buntrock took over Ace Scavenger, a garbage collector owned by his father-in-law, who had recently died. After merging Ace with a number of other waste companies, Buntrock founded Waste Management in 1968.3 Under Buntrock’s reign as its CEO, the company went public in 1971 and then expanded during the 1970s and 1980s through several acquisitions of local waste hauling companies and landfill operators. At one point the company was performing close to 200 acquisitions a year.4 From 1971 to 1991 the company enjoyed 36 percent...
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