...Article Tile: Specific legal issues affecting the implementation of computer-based information systems in the developing countries: a critical review of literature A paper presented to the Journal of library and information science for consideration for publication. Date: November 2015 Author: Daniel Kinyanjui (Bsc-Information Science-Moi University-Eldoret, Kenya and Currently Studying Masters of Library and Information Science at Kenyatta University-Kenya) Daniel is also the editor of institutional in-house publications at Oshwal College-Nairobi and the College Head of Library Services. Abstract Implementation of computer-based information systems (CBIS) has become increasingly important due to the growing reliance on new technologies by organisations in their operations and service delivery. There has also been realisation by individuals and businesses of the inevitability of delivering value-added services without computerized systems. Despite this awareness and the apparent growing readiness to deploy computer-based systems, there still exists a myriad of perennial challenges inhibiting the implementation of these systems. Using insights from previous studies, the paper sums up the legal issues that have been acknowledged by various scholars as major obstacles to the implementation of CBIS in developing countries. Drawing from the understanding of these challenges, the author finally attempts to advance possible strategies that can be used to overcome these...
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...What are the Benefits, Procedures and Requirements for Becoming a United States Citizen? Prepared for Immigrants and Residents applying for U.S. Citizenship July 7, 2015 Table of Contents Abstract i Introduction 1 Background 1 Purpose 1 Thesis 1 Benefits of U.S. Citizenship 2 Requirements 3 Procedures 6 Conclusion 7 Abstract This paper examines the requirements, procedures and benefits for becoming a United States citizen. With more and more people coming in the country immigration and citizenship processes have changed to be more selective but easier process. The goal is to provide valuable and free information to all those applying for U.S citizenship. This document draws upon mostly primary sources including, published books, lawyer interviews and material from immigration and government websites. Introduction Are you or someone you know looking to become a United Sates citizen? If so, this document will answer many of your questions saving you money and time during the process of becoming a citizen. “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside” —from the Fourteenth Amendment. In other words and according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the definition of citizen is “a person who...
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...The Need for Whistleblowing Legislation in Canada: A Critical Defence Jonathan Carson Research Officer The Association of Management, Administrative and Professional Crown Employees of Ontario 1 Dundas Street West Suite 2310, Box 72 Toronto, ON M5G 1Z3 carson@amapceo.on.ca Paper presented to the Canadian Political Science Association Conference, June 2006 The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of AMAPCEO Working Paper – Please do not cite without permission from the author Introduction This paper is about the need for whistleblowing legislation in Canada, at both the federal and provincial levels. The focus of the paper is squarely on the public service. Although certain jurisdictions (for example, the United Kingdom1) have a single disclosure regime covering both the private and public sectors, then general trend throughout the world is for distinct legislation for the two sectors. In Canada, there are already numerous statutory avenues for individuals in both the public and private sectors to blow the whistle; however, the grounds for disclosure are generally quite circumscribed, with the statutes tending to deal only with specific concerns, e.g. occupational health and safety or the environment.2 At present whistleblowing legislation is coming into vogue across Canada, at both levels of government. This paper argues that such legislation should have the modest goal of protecting good faith whistleblowers. This...
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...Integration to Canadian Society This paper will examine the difficulties immigrants have when they arrive in Canada with respect to assimilation of language, transferability of education in finding a job in Canada and training that exists for the newly landed immigrant. We will also touch the difficulties it poses for Canadian citizens in dealing with this influx of immigrants into our urbanized centers. Anglo Canadians have quickly become a minority and continue to become a shrinking minority. Immigrants arriving to Canada in most cases believe that they have made the right choice to leave their homeland in pursuit of a better life for themselves and their children. After all Canada has a global reputation as being one of the best countries in the world for many reasons. There is free healthcare available and educational opportunities if so desired as well as many provincial social services in place to help new immigrants transition into Canadian society. Some immigrants leave there come country because of instability within their government causing national unrest and dangerous circumstances for ordinary citizens. In other cases immigration can occur simply because they are seeking a better opportunities in life. Up until 1960’s “Canada’s immigration objective was to attract more British and American immigrants, as well as immigrants from the “preferred countries” of central and northern Europe” [4] Canada’s immigration policy after 1960 has historically been very relaxed...
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...Ethical Issues Research Paper Sherrill Jones AJS/532 Cristina Payne August 3, 2015 Ethical Issues Research Paper In the field of criminal justice, ethics is an integral part of the organization. The public relies on its police agencies to provide protection and maintain order in the community. It is also about a matter of trust the community places with its law enforcement agencies with regards to ethical behavior. This research paper will analyze the contemporary issues involving ethical behavior by criminal justice personnel, the decisions that govern its ethics, and recommendations. Contemporary Issues Laws and expectations change with each passing year; decisions vary with the times and public opinion. The stated goal for all is fairness combined with efficiency within the private and criminal justice systems. Justice should be obtained with equal actions regarding the constitutional rights that are afforded to all citizens including previously convicted offenders and the issue of public safety. The main concern is fairness, efficiency and just plain effectiveness. It becomes an issue when one tries to determine how effective these policies are and how much trust can be found within these findings due to personal bias and effectiveness of the figures presented. The setting up of the measurement system and how much weight this system carries for performance expectations is critical. The problem of what changes should or can be made to resolve the...
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...H-1B visa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search |[pic] |This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations.| | |Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. (November 2009) | The H-1B is a non-immigrant visa in the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 101(a)(15)(H). It allows US employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. If a foreign worker in H-1B status quits or is dismissed from the sponsoring employer, the worker must either apply for and be granted a change of status to another non-immigrant status, find another employer (subject to application for adjustment of status and/or change of visa), or leave the US. The regulations define a "specialty occupation" as requiring theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge in a field of human endeavor[1] including but not limited to biotechnology, chemistry, architecture, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, social sciences, medicine and health, education, law, accounting, business specialties, theology, and the arts, and requiring the attainment of a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent as a minimum [2] (with the exception of fashion models, who must be "of distinguished merit and ability").[3] Likewise, the foreign worker must possess at least a bachelor’s degree...
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...ordinary people like John and myself secure ancestral halls for the summer. A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house and reach the height of romantic felicity—but that would be asking too much of fate! Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it. Else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted? John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage. John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures. John is a physician, and perhaps—(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)—perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster. You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do? My brother is also a physician, and also of high...
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...Garrett Criminal Justice Trends The criminal justice system is changing every year to protect and serve society better than the years before. The United States government, the state police, and local police look at the past to make changes for the future in fighting crime. The responsibilities of the state and local police are to fight crime by enforcing the law, apprehended offenders, prevent crime, and preserve the peace among societies. On September 11, 2001 police responsibilities changed because of the attack on the United States. State police expanded their responsibilities to fight terrorism, new laws, and new types of crimes. The criminal justice system has two main aims, which are to manage crime and to guarantee due process. This paper will discuss past, recent, and future trends, contemporary issues that are affecting the criminal justice system, and the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends In the 1960’s the general downward crime rates that been marked since the 1930’s came to an end. Crime report rose, more arrests were being made, lawmakers started passing tougher laws that increased penalties, cases prosecuted by the court increased, more people was placed in prisons and jails, or placed on probation or parole, and spending by the government grew for criminal justice institutions. The Federal Government changed in an effort to fight crime. In the 1960’s, the use of illegal drugs became widespread. The government responded with broad programs...
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...may not be the answer either. America is a melting pot in which many cultures have peacefully come to make their lives as American citizens. The issue of illegal aliens has divided this nation which is in need of unity and consistency in law enforcement. Research shows that in order to reduce illegal immigration, the American government must enforce the current laws, secure the American Mexican border, eliminate the magnets that attract illegal aliens (such as: employment, anchor babies, social services) and offer no tolerance for criminal activity. Understanding the Problem Many people enter this country through the American Mexican border and usually can do so unchallenged. By not securing the southern border, America has left an opening that anyone can come through. It is not just illegal aliens that cross that border. America is exposed to entry by terrorists, drug smugglers and human trafficking. (Hedgecock, 2010, para 17-19) Another avenue used to enter this country is through Visas. With this process individuals come here through legal channels and then become illegal afterwards by staying on after their Visa expires. Statistically “40% of illegals entered legally and in bad faith overstayed their visas.” (Immigration counters, n.d. para 3) Currently...
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...the Southern African Migration Project found that South Africans showed the highest level of opposition to immigration in any country where comparable questions have been asked (Mattes, 1999). The hostility towards foreigners living in South Africa has translated into extreme acts of xenophobic violence. In 2000 and 2001, Amnesty International’s annual online reports on South Africa singled out attacks and ill treatment of asylumseekers and suspected illegal immigrants as a major source of concern. The 2001 report also recounts reports of abuses of undocumented migrants and asylum-seekers. These included unlawfully prolonged detentions, poor conditions and beatings of detainees by guards at Lindela Repatriation Centre, assaults by police officers involved in the arrest of suspected illegal immigrants, and arbitrary and verbally abusive conduct towards asylum-seekers by Department of Home Affairs officials (Amnesty International, 2001). Xenophobia is defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary as ‘fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners or of what is strange or foreign’ (Mish, 1997). The literal meaning of the word suggests that xenophobic people would dislike all foreigners equally, as it is their ‘foreignness’ that makes them objectionable. However, the patterns that emerge of the targets involved in incidents that are attributed to xenophobia, as well as empirical research investigating xenophobia, suggest that this is not the case. Particular groups of foreigners are targeted...
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...illegal immigration across the world. Unfortunately, most studies fail to adequately account for the rights of immigrants and how they are being violated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study The purpose of this research is to show all the rights of illegal immigrants and the extent to which they are violated and/or respected in Kenya’s legal system by use of vital lessons from the American legal system. Respecting their rights is important because it shows that we are respecting the rule of law. It is important to note that all people are equal and therefore they should be treated equally without discrimination. People should also be allowed the freedom of movement and also that it should be ensured that the same freedom of movement should be regulated so that it ensures that one single country or state do not suffer the outcomes of immigration. Migration is a fact of life whereby people move to new countries to improve themselves economically and maybe to pursue their educations. Others leave to escape armed conflicts or other violations of human rights. Several statutory laws in Kenya provide means by which certain aliens/illegal immigrants can become naturalized citizens. Immigration law determines who may enter, how long they may stay and when they must leave. An illegal immigrant/alien is any individual or a foreigner who has entered or resides in a country unlawfully or without the country's authorization. Illegal immigration may...
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...Australian Multiculturalism: Its Rise and Demise Brian Galligan and Winsome Roberts University of Melbourne Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference University of Tasmania, Hobart 29 September – 1 October 2003 Brian Galligan, Winsome Roberts: Australian Multiculturalism Multiculturalism merits special attention because of its significance as a national policy of accommodating migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. Multiculturalism is more significant because of the larger claims it made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for...
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...Immigrants Revised Edition U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of the ISBN 978-016-078733-1 is for U.S. Government Printing Office Official Editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. The information presented in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants is considered public information and may be distributed or copied without alteration unless otherwise specified. The citation should be: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Office of Citizenship, Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants, Washington, DC, 2007, Revised Edition. USCIS has purchased the right to use many of the images in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants. USCIS is licensed to use these images on a non-exclusive and non-transferable basis. All other rights to the images, including without limitation and copyright, are retained by the owner of the images. These images are not in the public domain and may not be used except as they appear as part of this guide. This guide contains information on a variety of topics that are not within the jurisdiction of DHS/USCIS. If you have a question about a non DHS/USCIS issue, please refer directly to the responsible...
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...Nowadays, news that is reported by the media is threatening, not because of what they broadcast, but because of how they conceal true information from the citizens. Concerning immigrants crisis in the US, media has also been reporting untrue facts to the society. Even though the population of undocumented immigrants is continuing a nearly decade-long decline, the circumstance has been an enormous issue that divides Americans continuously. The Pew Research Center estimated that there were approximately 11 million undocumented immigrants, as of 2014. (Guskin, 2013, NP) One side states that undocumented immigrants are beneficial to the US economy through filling the job vacancies, more tax revenue from the immigrants, and sustaining the population...
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...The following paper will examine the elements of procedural fairness apparent in tribunals and compare this to that of the court system, ultimately coming to a tentative conclusion on the efficacy of each. A broad spectrum of academic literature, case law and legislation has been considered to evaluate the role that tribunals have in the Australian legal system. In light of Kerr J’s remark (above), find and critically analyse a case which considers issues of procedural fairness in a tribunal hearing. The case of Ashmore v Commissioner for Superannuation primarily concerned the decisions to not recognise late election and to not grant an extension of time relating to the preservation of the applicant’s superannuation benefit. At the initial hearing in which the applicant (Carolyn Ashmore) gave oral evidence, only one senior member was present, contrary to the stipulations of the Superannuation Act that the Tribunal be constituted of three members, one of whom is an eligible employee or pensioner. The hearing was then reconstituted with three members, and a transcript of the applicant’s oral evidence was used to ascertain her credibility. Ultimately the Tribunal formed a negative opinion of the applicant’s evidence, leading them to rule against her. By relying on a transcript of Ashmore’s evidence, it was determined by Justice Moore that the other two tribunal members could have been influenced, albeit unintentionally, by the negative bias from the senior member present at the...
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