...Introduction The purpose of this case assignment centers on the examination of the how the Adelphia Communications’ executives violated the trust of the company’s shareholders and the trust of the community through the analytical view of deontological ethics. This analysis will be achieved by defining deontological ethics and Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative. A review of the Adelphia Communications Scandal will be conducted with a general assessment of what ethical issues were present based on deontological ethics and Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative. The Adelphia Communications Scandal The Adelphia Communications Corporation was the sixth largest provider of cable services in the United States prior to filing bankruptcy in 2002 due to a major accounting scandal. Adelphia’s management intentionally misled investors by falsifying financial statements to give the appearance the organization was financially solid and performing well above normal, by excluding billions of dollars of debt from financial statements. The auditors fail to find any fraudulent action in the financial statements. John Rigas was the original founder of the corporation and later joined with his brother and sons. The Adelphia Communications Corporation (investors) provided over $2.3 billion worth of personal loans to the Rigas family. The Rigas family received assets via fund transfers from the Adelphia Communications Corporation through journal entries to purchase...
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...savings portrayed in the original justification documents are being achieved. Joe worked hard to achieve his goals in the company and was worried about Mary’s request and the statement she made to him about having doubts about his ability to perform as a District Manager for the company because of his reluctance to her request. This misrepresentations affect the company financially and the shareholders and their investments. With respect to the legal aspect of this case, it is against the Securities Acts. Management must follow the laws and regulations of the Securities Acts, which prohibits certain types of conduct (Kaplan eGuide, n.d.). According to Kaplan eGuide (n.d.), “The SEC requires that companies submit certain documents for review, including: registration statements for...
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...“The Final Form of Kant’s Practical Philosophy,” Mark Timmons (ed.) Essays on Kant’s Moral Philosophy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000). The Final Form of Kant’s Practical Philosophy Allen Wood Yale University By the year 1768, Kant claimed to be at work on a system of ethics, under the title “metaphysics of morals” (Ak 10:74).[1] During the so-called ‘silent decade’ of the 1770s, when Kant was working on the Critique of Pure Reason, he promised repeatedly not only that he would soon finish that work but also that he would soon publish a “metaphysics of morals” (Ak 10:97, 132, 144).[2] Yet it was not until four years after the first Critique that Kant finally wrote a work on ethics, and even then he merely laid the ground for a metaphysics of morals by identifying and establishing the supreme principle on which a system of duties would be based (G 4:392). Three years later, in the Critique of Practical Reason Kant once again dealt entirely with foundational questions in moral philosophy. Kantian ethics is primarily known, especially among English-speaking philosophers, through these two ethical works of the 1780s, neither of which contains anything like a ‘metaphysics of morals’. Many of Kant’s chief works in the early 1790s are devoted to practical philosophy. The Critique of Judgment’s treatment of taste and teleology is concerned both with moral psychology and with the view of the world which a morally disposed person should take. Other works even...
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...revision Sun Aug 12, 2012 The ethics of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is often contrasted with that of David Hume (1711–1776). Hume's method of moral philosophy is experimental and empirical; Kant emphasizes the necessity of grounding morality in a priori principles. Hume says that reason is properly a “slave to the passions,” while Kant bases morality in his conception of a reason that is practical in itself. Hume identifies such feelings as benevolence and generosity as proper moral motivations; Kant sees the motive of duty—a motive that Hume usually views as a second best or fall back motive—as uniquely expressing an agent's commitment to morality and thus as conveying a special moral worth to actions. Although there are many points at which Kant's and Hume's ethics stand in opposition to each other, there are also important connections between the two. Kant shared some important assumptions about morality and motivation with Hume, and had, early in his career, been attracted to and influenced by the sentimentalism of Hume and other British moralists. The aim of this essay is not to compare Hume and Kant on all matters ethical. Instead, we examine...
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...Energy Cooperative.” The following paper will analyze the ethical issues surrounding the use of such a statement from five different ethical theories. These particular theories come from Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Locke, John Rawls, and Lawrence Kohlberg. Finally, there will be a solution that the board should take with the issue, ethical, or otherwise. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had an ethical theory dubbed the Categorical Imperative. Within this theory he discusses the morally right and morally wrong ways to go about an action based on experience, which one must gain throughout the course of his life. Because the different moral ways are something that cannot be taught, but actually acquired through experience, something that is morally right at one point in life can later become morally wrong (Janaro, 2009). The example for this particular scenario suggests that if everyone at the Energy Cooperative decides the statement is ethically and morally right to use, then by Kant’s theory, it is ethical. However, this is just the tip of the categorical imperative that “if everyone else could adopt the same decision and it would remain the right choice. . . the decision is ethical” (Kaplan eGuide Chapter1, 2014). The real question, which is easier to understand, and is the underlying basis for accurately interpreting Kant’s theory is “would it be okay for everyone else to do this?” (Janaro, 2009). In this scenario one would hope that at least one board member would say...
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...Journal of Applied Philosophy,Suicide Intervention and Non-Ideal Kantian Theory Vol. 19, No. 3, 2002 245 Suicide Intervention and Non-Ideal Kantian Theory MICHAEL J. CHOLBI Philosophical discussions of the morality of suicide have tended to focus on its justifiability from an agent’s point of view rather than on the justifiability of attempts by others to intervene so as to prevent it. This paper addresses questions of suicide intervention within a broadly Kantian perspective. In such a perspective, a chief task is to determine the motives underlying most suicidal behaviour. Kant wrongly characterizes this motive as one of self-love or the pursuit of happiness. Psychiatric and scientific evidence suggests that suicide is instead motivated by a nihilistic disenchantment with the possibility of happiness which, at its apex, results in the loss of the individual’s conception of her practical identity. Because of this, methods of intervention that appeal to agents’ happiness, while morally benign, will prove ineffective in forestalling suicide. At the same time, more aggressive methods violate the Kantian concern for autonomy. This apparent dilemma can be resolved by seeing suicide intervention as an action undertaken in non-ideal circumstances, where otherwise unjustified manipulation, coercion, or paternalism are morally permitted. 1. The chances are good that each of us will some day confront a person close to us contemplating suicide. Every year...
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...pleasure can easily generate turmoil. Such a situation is the best spot for a notice any person’s genuine moral values; considering that the penalties associated with misbehavior might be between low for you to higher, and also the self-inflicting shame may be low for you to higher based on unique moral systems. Kant’s Ethics structure is probably the moral systems enable you to evaluate the morality associated with this sort of situation. Kant’s theory associated with integrity suggests that all human beings possess the power associated with determination, and we have been ultimately responsible for generating the best view even though identifying in case your actions are usually moral. They highlights the definition of: the express essential, which in turn becomes an unconditional steps and this can be applied to virtually any situation. The actual hypothetical essential is surely an steps used as a way to spark a certain end. Kant emphasize make fish an steps can easily merely become moral in case it uses the express essential. Kant furthermore highlights another search phrase: the belief, a “golden rule” that needs to be followed. That “golden rule” concept most of us can review yet again soon. The actual Honorable amount of an steps may then become outlined by the belief of which dictates every single steps. Kant says belief must be primarily based off from two basic concepts. The primary currently being: Solely really should which in turn it will become any general legislations...
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...QUEEN OF APOSTLES PHILOSOPHY CENTRE JINJA (PCJ) CRITIQUE OF THE NOTION OF AUTONOMY IN KANT’S MORAL PHILOSOPHY AN UNDER GRADUATE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ETHICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF UGANDA MARTYRS UNIVERSITY (UMU) NKOZI, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PHILOSOPHY BISIMWA MUNYALI EVARISTE MARCH 2011 1 DEDICACE This work is dedicated in a special way to: My ever loving and caring God, My family and the community of the Missionaries of Africa. 2 DECLARATION I………………………………………………………..have read the rules of Uganda Martyrs University on plagiarism and hereby state that this work is my own. It has not been submitted anywhere else for any qualification. I have acknowledged the secondary sources used in this work. NAME OF STUDENT…………………………………………………………. SIGNATURE…………………………………………………………………… DATE: …………………………………………………………………………… SUPERVISOR………………………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE…………………………………………………………………… DATE: ………………………………………………………………………….. 3 ABSTRACT The importance of a philosophical study dealing with moral issues, especially the principle of autonomy is indisputably great. It is a common agreement that morality is located within the scope of duty. Kant corroborates this held agreement by stating the categorical imperative which every human is obliged to act upon. He conceived this categorical imperative as the moral law which all those who claim to be moral beings have to live on. However, he also affirmed...
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...That is, our feelings of nature are properly designed and therefore ought to be heeded. Kant’s belief of ethics might be seen as an over-arching design and order of nature. The third illustration considers the issue of developing one’s talents. Nature endows us with aptitudes that are intended for a given purpose, which Kant implies, are valid in an appropriate system of nature. Like the antecedent moralists, Kant appeals to the teleology of nature. Initially, in the first section of Groundwork Kant seems to echo Aristotle, but then takes great care to refute Aristotle’s expositions of virtues. As Kant moves to a discussion of the second and fourth illustrations which concern duties to others, his analogy with nature prevails. Kant draws again...
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...Essay Title: Is Global Civil Society an answer to War? Introduction War is not a modern phenomenon but as old as human existence itself. Wars are not like natural calamities or phenomenon but are very much part of human existential dynamics that seeks both peace and ability to survive acknowledging its natural competitive behaviour which unlike realist assumptions is conditioned and not natural. However, realism has dominated the field of international relations since the end of World War 11. It dominates political thinking, with exclusive emphasis on the state as the primary actor in world politics. Realists display a very overt pessimistic view of human nature, advocating with religious conviction that selfish human nature drives international relations into conflicts subjugating state to resort to organized violence and wars in order to gain upper hand and to always resort to wars to resolve international conflicts. Thus resulting in a system framed to maximize state’s military power in a predominantly anarchical environment. As a distinct school of thought, Realism emphasizes separation from domestic to international with little or no democratic structures within its sphere. Consequently, warfare has remained an institutionalized social order against the predatory behavior of others and consequently a legitimate instrument of survival. Moreover, growth in the size of armies and the development of weapons technology has led to an increase in the frequency of wars resulting...
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...or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared specifically by us for this course. ************************************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility of Bodog Online Gambling- Legal and Moral Issues Table of Contents Abstract- Muzna Ali………………………………….………………………………………...…4 Introduction- Muzna Ali………………..………………………………...……………………….5 Introduction to Legal Section- Byron Creech……………………..…….………………..……….6 Utilitarian Ethical Analysis – Wendy Burrion……………….…………………………….…….11 Kantian and Additional Ethical Theory- Princess McIntosh……………………………………13 Social Responsibility- Aja Watkins…………………………………………………………...…17 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….…………………22 References……………………………………………………………………..…………………24 Abstract –Muzna Ali The Bodog Online gambling company established by Arye...
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...Contents Introduction 2 Ethical Behaviour and Theories 2 Ethical Codes 3 Ethical Dilemmas of Nestle 3 Infant Formula: 3 Overcharged Prices 4 Unfair Labour Practices 4 Steps Taken by Nestle 5 Conclusion 5 References 7 Introduction Marketing ethics can be considered as a subset of business ethics which deals with the study of how ethical and moral standards can be applied to various marketing decisions. Various topics can come under the umbrella of marketing ethics and these are product safety, pricing fairness, advertising honesty, product liability, etc. Corporations have increasingly become very competitive and in the last few years, news of breach of ethical codes of conduct have been highlighted in the media (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). This essay will elaborate upon the marketing dilemmas through the lens of ethics using case example of Nestle. Ethical Behaviour and Theories One of the ways through which moral philosophy and ethics can be viewed is through utilitarianism as proposed by John Stuart Mill who argued that the world exists in an imperfect state and individuals should strive to maximize happiness and stated that any increase in the degree of happiness justified any kind of sacrifice (Fritzsche & Oz, 2007). On the other hand, Kant states that the connection between happiness and virtue arose because of the belief that the rational pursuit of virtue and happiness are same in that they are identical wherein virtue can produce happiness...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com International Journal of Project Management 27 (2009) 456–463 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijproman E-ethical leadership for virtual project teams Margaret R. Lee * Capella University, 225 South Sixth Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, United States Received 30 March 2008; received in revised form 21 May 2008; accepted 27 May 2008 Abstract This paper presents a review of current literature on ethical theories as they relate to ethical leadership in the virtual business environment (e-ethics) and virtual project leadership. Ethical theories are reviewed in relation to virtual project management, such as participative management, Theory Y, and its relationship to utilitarianism; Kantian ethics, motivation, and trust; communitarian ethics, ethic of care and egalitarianism; Stakeholder Theory; and the use of political tactics. Challenges to e-ethical leadership are presented and responses to these issues discussed. The conclusion presents four propositions for future research. The purpose of this paper is to identify secondary literature on e-ethics and how this new area of business ethics may affect the leaders of virtual project teams. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-ethics; E-leadership; Virtual project management; Virtual teams; Project management; Ethics; Project leadership; Ethical project leadership; E-ethical project management; Sensitive material; Code of conduct; Social isolation; Virtual...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Health care can be defined as the maintaining and restoration of health by the treatment and prevention of disease especially by trained and licensed professionals such as in medicine, dentistry, clinical psychology, and public health. Besides that, health care also the services are provided to people or communities by agents of the health services or professions for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring, or restoring health. According to the Institute of Medicine, they defines health care quality as the extent to which health services provided to individuals and patient populations improve desired health outcomes. The care should be based on the strongest clinical evidence and provided in a technically and culturally competent manner with good communication and shared decision making. While dementia or senile are often synonymous with the elderly. Senile is a condition in which the brain has decreased, causing a decline in memory of a patient with severe and cannot even take care of you. Dementia or senile is a disease and not alarmed foreign to the Malay community, since time immemorial have been recorded by type as Munshi Abdullah, in his famous book. It usually only pose problems to a family member when the disease came too early from the age norm. If the patient began suffering from dementia when he reached 80 years were normal and not a problem. But if the patient was only 60 years old, is suffering from dementia, so it is very stressful for...
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...CASE DEVELOPMENT Weaknesses in traditional performance evaluation methods - An Ethical Challenge GROUP 8 11BM60041- Partha Pratim 11BM60048- Sumitpal Singh 11BM60058- Shilpa Taneja 11BM60110- Rana Vishal Singh Weaknesses in traditional performance evaluation methods - An Ethical Challenge Abstract/Situation Description The standard performance appraisal does not adequately address employer concerns in maintaining ethical and legal compliance. Globalization and increasingly stringent antidiscrimination legislation necessitates the need for an effective performance appraisal system. “(Some) 90 percent of performance appraisal processes are inadequate.” – Salary.com survey As demonstrated in the important California Supreme Court case of Guz vs. Bechtel National Inc., a laid off employee with lengthy service may offer in evidence a poor performance evaluation record against an employer in an attempt to prove age bias. Although Guz was unsuccessful with the age bias claim, the court opined that plaintiffs with long service may prevail if there is sufficient evidence that the employer’s proffered reasons for layoffs are pretextual. The implied warning by the court to employers is that pretextual use of performance evaluations may paradoxically become evidence against them to prove illegal retaliation or discriminatory intent. In another case, Robert Shaner was a computer programmer in Synthes. In August of 1992, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, he...
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