...Jason Francis Herbert Pimlott Rhetorical Analysis November 13, 2012 This essay argues that the Globe and Mail (G&M) article, ‘Don’t Teach Until You See the Whites of Their Eyes’ (18 August 2012), is persuasive with its primary target audience of G&M readers. Clifford Orwin, the author of this article, is a professor of political science at the University of Toronto. Furthermore, the main focus of this article deals with the fact that: “Real education requires real teachers and students, not disembodied electronic wraiths.” Through the rhetorical analysis of this editorial, this paper will demonstrate that its persuasiveness can be attributed to four key aspects: through an emphasis on the use of deliberative stasis; its use of ethos and logos; and through its effective use of rhetorical imagery. Before the case can be made for understanding how and why this article is persuasive, we need to begin with setting the context of the issue or exigence to which the article was responding and whether that response was timely and appropriate. To understand the exigence of this article, the interpretation of Orwin’s implied audience is necessary to grasp how the two concepts within exigence, kairos and phronesis, both link text, context and audience together. Through an extensive analysis of the assumptions made by Orwin, the implied audience consists predominantly of instructors. Moreover, Orwin’s motto: “Don’t teach until you see the whites of their eyes.” Also used as...
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... Fell Hall 428, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4480, United States Department of Communication, 322 Erickson Hall, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, United States Received 9 October 2006; received in revised form 26 January 2007; accepted 26 January 2007 Abstract Only recently has research begun concerning the longer-term aftermath of organizational crisis. This essay presents the genre of disaster rhetoric as a viable strategy to address the problems and opportunities that arise when the media write about crisis anniversaries or news stories that refer to any crisis or disaster, past or present. After a brief review of genre theory, the authors outline the seven functions of the “rhetoric of disaster” and provide multiple examples of their application to public relations activity and its news coverage. The essay concludes with questions that practitioners may use proactively in the development of copy points to address each of the rhetoric of disaster’s functions. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rhetoric; Genre; Writing conventions; Disaster; Crisis; Message design 1. Overview The bulk of the crisis communication literature has been devoted to crisis plans and the principles behind them (e.g., Fearn-Banks, 2006; Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 2003), using issues management to prepare for potential crises or avoid them (e.g., Heath, 1997; Olaniran & Williams, 2001), and how organizations “speak” during crises (e.g., Hearit,...
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...Rhetorical analysis, according to Susan-miller Cochran, Roy Stamper, and Stacey Cochran, is a form genre that analyze the text’s rhetoric context (30). Susan-miller Cochran, Roy Stamper, and Stacey Cochran states “In a rhetorical analysis, the writer uses rhetorical framework to understand how the context of the text help create meaning,” (30). The rhetorical framework writers use is rhetorical context that is; the author, the audience, the topic and the purpose (21,30). This is a key component in success for college because analyzing the text to understand the essential elements in the text, helps identify and “create” meaning (30). Rhetoric analysis will allow students to achieve a deeper comprehension of the text, contributing to students...
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...Furthermore, the Linguistic patterns and rhetorical conventions of the first language often transfer to writing in ESL and thus cause interference. It is important to distinguish this concern from potential interference at the level of syntax and phonology. In contrastive rhetoric,The interference manifests itself in rhetorical strategies, including differences in content. III.1. Saudi Students' Potential contribution to Science in the Age of Globalization Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Saudis contribution to the science is noticeable.One can find a lot of researches that were conducted by Saudis. As for students I believe that the development of education in Saudi Arabia and the growth of universities will play a big role in making Saudis conduct more researches and contribute more to the science. In addition to the education development in Saudi Arabia, the scholarships of Saudis to different...
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...This approach mostly focuses on the rhetorical contexts within which genres are applied rather than analyzing texts to find out about the organizational features. The analysis seeks to identify the relationship between text and context and the way they are shaped by taking reciprocal effects from one another. This means that texts are not random choices of words rather an integration of one’s identity, social beliefs and relationships and many more factors that shape people being. The new rhetoric approach motivated by speech act theory emphasizes on the contextual framework of the society rather than the content and the structure of a text. This school of genre (Bazarman, 1988) and Freedman & Medway (1994), as cited in Naderi (2012) emphasizes on the socio-contextual aspects to provide students and novice writers with the social actions and functions and the ways they are manipulated within a context. 2.4.2 English for Specific Purposes...
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...their vision of the country (United States) and to set forth their goals for the nation. With that being said, this paper will use the strategy of genre analysis to critique to examine Barack Obama’s second Inaugural Address and John F. Kennedy’s inaugural speech. Genre analysis is a type of rhetorical analysis that examines speeches based on the artifacts or commonalities that contain. The artifacts of speech are created by the rhetor as a response to a specific exigency. So as Bitzer’s essay, The Rhetorical Situation, saw it, in order for a text to be rhetorical, it must come in response to a rhetorical situation. Furthermore a rhetorical situation has three characteristics, an audience, an existence of constraints, and as mentioned above, an exigency. One manner, in which we can analyze an artifact, is through...
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...A GENRE ANALYSIS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STAFF MEETING MINUTES ABSTRACT Interest in genre analysis has increased over the years with studies done by several scholars such as Swales, Bhatia, Berkonkotter, Hyon, Bazerman, Miller, to mention just a few, on various genre ranging from the research article in general to letters. Studies on genre analysis into meeting minutes are however, very limited and so the aim of this study is to investigate the communicative purpose, schematic structure and lexico grammatical features which characterize this genre. Swales' (1990) rhetorical approach to genre analysis was used to investigate eighteen meeting minutes which revealed the occurrence of seven moves with each having its own communicative purpose and linguistic features which characterize the genre as a formal one. The study has implications for genre studies in the area of pedagogy and further research. Key words: genre, minutes, discourse, moves, steps, Ghana. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Minutes is a highly formal written genre situated in the domain of business discourse and is an official record and considered a legal document by auditors, IRS and the law courts. Oxford defines it as a written record of what is said and decided at a meeting. It is used by institutions, corporate bodies and varied organisations. Its main communicative purpose is to record and relay information to the members of that discourse community. It also gives members the platform to express their views and opinions...
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...ABSTRACT: This report explores critical discourse analysis as a theory in rhetoric discourse and speech act and pragmatics. The framework of analysis includes the mixture of my own ideas and theory of various experts such and Aristotle, Tuan Van Dijk, H.P Grice and Robert Dilts. As critical discourse analysis is a very flexible term of social linguistic study and it allows one to go with the own ideas, here I have chosen suitable analytical tool of experts to analyze the two different discourse, one is verbal discourse ( Tryst with Destiny) and second is written discourse ( Toyoda’s statement 2013) and at the end comparison of both discourse. Key words: critical discourse analysis, rhetoric discourse, speech act, pragmatics, social linguistic, tryst with destiny, Toyoda’s statement 2013. INTRODUCTION Critical discourse analysis (CDA) comprises three inter-related processes of analysis which are linked up with three inter-related dimensions of discourse. Three inter-related process of analysis. 1) Text analysis (description) 2) Processing analysis ( interpretation) 3) Social analysis ( explanation) Three inter-related dimensions of CDA. 1) Discourse structure (systematically and explicitly described structure at all level) 2) Social structure (in the context of society) 3) Cognitive structure ( mental cognitive interface) The three dimensions of CDA is coherently related with each other to make up a substantial discourse where mental cognitive...
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...In my rhetorical analysis of the CoverGirl advertisement I analysis three rhetorical tools that are strongly conveyed to me. The advertisement uses these rhetorical tools to further persuaded audiences to buy the CoverGirl product and even stick with the brand. In this analysis I will cover the rhetorical appeals that try to convince viewers that the product is superior, the use of myth and how it is used to strengthen the persuasiveness of the advertisement, and the rhetorical situation of the advertisement. Let us move onto rhetorical appeal Rhetorical appeal is a very good way to structure any persuasive document and when used correctly it can service its purpose well. Let’s analysis how this persuasive advertisement uses rhetorical appeal. Pathos in this advertisement is very straight forward; it wants the view to be curious but also excited with a hint of wonder or in other words it wants “to raise emotions” (Aristotle, n.d. p. 146) within a viewer. The use of Taylor Swift along with the mention of more bang for your buck, since this cream can beat ones that cost $180, would draw on a viewer’s emotion and cause them to be persuaded because their idol is advertising a product that she, Taylor Swift, is using daily to perfect her skin and it isn’t an expensive designer brand. Next we will focus on logos and its use in this advertisement. Logos is the “logical appeals [that] stress the reasonableness” (Aristotle, n.d p. 146). This advertisement relies heavily on...
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...Tate Bennett Professor Jack Wood COMM3300 7/11/2024 Genre Criticism: Barack Obama Introduction Many politicians have come up with a slew of slogans for their campaigns. Slogans like “All the way with L.B.J.” for Lyndon B. Johnson’s campaign, “This time vote like your whole world depended on it” for Richard Nixon’s campaign, and “Stronger together” for Hillary Clinton’s campaign. These are all examples of a rhetorical artifact that fits within a political-slogan-type genre. For my second paper, I will be analyzing Barack Obama’s slogan from his 2008 campaign. His slogan is as follows: “Change We Can Believe In” (Obama 2008). I believe this slogan follows the proper guidelines and structure of the many political slogans that have come before...
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...Analysis of the Ted.com The speaker: Rob Dunbar The title of the talk: Discovering ancient climate in oceans and ice The theme of the speech is ecological problems of the ocean warming and acidification. The genre of rhetoric is academic performance at the conference. The speaker reveals new scientific facts and the experiment results to form a different point of view on the global ecological problems of the ocean. The aim of the performance is to persuade the audience that ocean acidification is much more important than the global warming, which took place on Earth several times. The main persuasive instrument is logical proof, though the speaker combines both rational and emotional argumentation. The arguments had been thoroughly chosen in advance according to the principle of the qualitative approach to the argument selection. Moreover, they are put in Homer’s order «strong – weak – the strongest», which efficiency is based on the psychological «edge effect» of memory. The speech is classically composed and consists of three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introductory part is worth more attention. Evidently, the speaker had spent lots of time choosing the right words to say and there had been many options of the probable introduction. And the necessary aims had been achieved: he managed to draw people’s attention to the problem, to break the ice and to inspire confidence in his report. There is no greeting and the speaker takes the bull by the...
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...repressive social institutions, value systems and codes of behaviour are central to the horror, science-fiction and fantasy genres. Focusing on 1-2 examples of your choice, consider how these genres mediate the ‘problem’ of the social. How significant is ideology, as well as genre theory, to your case-study? This essay will explore the ways in which the horror genre perpetuates repressive and oppressive social institutions, value systems and codes of behaviour surrounding the homosexual subject. It will be suggested that the generic conventions of horror films sustain repressive understandings of the normative order which position the homosexual subject as a threatening ‘other’. This essay will offer the opinion that it is through these representations that the horror genre produces the ideological figure of the ‘monstrous homosexual’. The discourses and ideologies explored will primarily be those relating to coding of the homosexual subject as predator and paedophile. This essay will engage with genre theory in order to demonstrate how narrative repetition in the horror genre mediates the homosexual subject as a disruption to the social order which must be eliminated in order to restore the heteronormative order. The methodology of genre theory will first be outlined, and the generic conventions of the horror film will be explored. The methodology of discourse analysis will also be employed in order to expose the ideologies at play in the case study. This essay will take Wes Craven’s...
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...TV and other “minor arts”. The interest in the study of reader/receiver increased in the 60’s in the universe of high culture and the academy. R.Barthes – encode/decode. Later the canonization of popular mass culture in Anglo-American countries changed the vision of the society about the TV. In the US they reflected about the industry. Cultural industries – television is culture but it’s also an industry. If we think in Hollywood as a dream factory we have also a culture industry. Nowadays popular culture is a part of our life. Common sense and TV – resisting the analysis of television is also a consequence of commons sense. But there is a paradox: it is so easy to watch that it becomes difficult to analyze. TV is inscribed in daily life. TV is transparent. Popular culture, namely TV, has a supposed transparency: what I see is what it looks likely to be. It’s so easy that it resists analysis, but what is easy to watch is as complex as any other phenomenon. Kracauers perspective – “The Mass Ornament”, 1931 * Analyses of widely read books are an artifice to investigate social strata whose structure cannot be determined by a direct approach”. * Their editorial success would result from the creation of a “wide portrait of the...
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...Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility - A Discussion of the CSR Phenomenon and CSR Communication, With Empirical Focus on NOKIA Author: Martin Lykke Jacobsen (271128) Supervisor: Dorrit Bøilerehauge June 2006 MA in International Business Communication – International Marketing, Communication & Public Relations (Cand.ling.merc. – International Informationsmedarbejder) Faculty of Language and Business Communication, English Department, Aarhus School of Business Table of Contents 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 1 Theory and Method ......................................................................................................... 2 Delimitation .................................................................................................................... 4 Structure ......................................................................................................................... 6 Corporate Social Responsibility ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 Defining CSR................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Corporate Citizenship ..................
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...proposed involves a primary focus on academic discourse genres and the range and nature of academic writing tasks, aimed at helping to socialize the student into the academic context and thus “ensure that student writing falls within the range of acceptable writing behaviours dictated by the academic community” (Horowitz 1986:789). The suggested instructional methodology aims at recreating the conditions under which actual university writing tasks are done and involves the close examination and analysis of academic discourse formats and writing task specifications; the selection and intensive study of source materials appropriate for a given topic, question, or issue; the evaluation, synthesis and organisation of relevant data from these sources; and the presentation of these data in acceptable academic English form. In brief, from English for academic purposes orientation, writing is the production of prose that will be acceptable at the academic institution, and learning to write is part of becoming socialized to the academic community- finding out what is expected and trying to approximate it. The writer is pragmatic and oriented primarily towards academic success, meeting standards and requirements. The reader is a member of the hosting academic community who has well developed clear and stable views of what is appropriate. The text is more or less conventional response to a particular task type that falls into a recognizable genre. The context is, of course, the academic community...
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