Pump Application Manual
Simplified Selection and Application
The Gorman-Rupp Company
P.O. Box 1217 • Mansfield, Ohio 44901-1217 • Phone: 419.755.1011 • Fax 419.755.1251

Gorman-Rupp International Company
P.O. Box 1217 • Mansfield, Ohio 44901-1217 • Tel: +1.419.755.1352 • Fax: +1.419.755.1266

Gorman-Rupp of Canada, Ltd.
70 Burwell Road • St. Thomas, Ontario N5P 3R7 • 519.631.2870 • Fax 519.631.4624

AMT
400 Spring Street • Royersford, Pennsylvania 19468 • (610) 948-3800 • Fax: (610) 948-5300

www.gormanrupp.com

GL-05303

© 2003, The Gorman-Rupp Company. All rights reserved.

Printed in the USA

The purpose of this manual is to give you information needed to select the correct pump for the job in simple terms. This manual contains: Types of pumps in use today How to read a pump performance curve Figuring pump applications How to select the correct pump for the job Friction loss tables Useful information Where to use pumps Pages 1-4 Pages 5-6 Pages 7-8 Pages 9-10 Pages 10-11 Pages 12-14 Page 15

Index

TYPES OF PUMPS IN USE TODAY
STANDARD CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS The simplest of all types, it has been in use since the 1700’s. This pump operates on the centrifugal force principle, which can be seen in operation every time you drive your car on a wet road. The tire picks up water and throws it by centrifugal force against the fender.
This AMT high head centrifugal pump is ideal for chemical processing, liquid transfer, heating and cooling and sprinkler/fire protection systems.

SELF-PRIMING PUMPS This type of pump does a good job as long as the supply of liquid flows to the pump. Put the “Standard Centrifugal Pump” above the liquid, and problems can arise, as it does not have the ability to create a vacuum and prime itself. Should it pump the hole dry and air enter the pump, it will stop pumping and become airbound. A centrifugal pump operates on the same principle except the tire is called an impeller and it has blades to move the water.
PUMPING AIR-BOUND AIR

However, we can’t have water going in all directions at once, so we direct it by means of a casing, or volute (pronounced va-loot) as it is called in the pump industry. The volute acts in the same manner as your car fender; it controls the water after it leaves the impeller.

Accessory equipment must be used to evacuate entrained air within the pump, such as an eductor, a hand primer, etc. On construction jobs there is a need for a pump which has the ability to prime itself repeatedly, since the purpose of the pump is to keep the hole dry. As a result, the pump must lower the water below the strainer inlet time and time again, handling large amounts of air at the same time. A pump capable of repriming is a must.

Page 1

TYPES OF PUMPS IN USE TODAY
Here is how it works: During the priming cycle, air enters the pump and mixes with water at the impeller. Water and air are discharged together by centrifugal action of the impeller into the water reservoir. Once in the reservoir, the air and water mixture slows down from its former velocity, allowing air to escape out the discharge. Air-free water, now heavier than airladen water, flows by gravity back down into the impeller chamber, ready to mix with more air coming in the suction line. Once all air has been evacuated and a vacuum created in the suction line, atmospheric pressure forces water up into the suction line to the impeller, and pumping begins. Recirculation of water within the pump stops when pumping begins. PRIMING PUMPING This type of pump differs from a standard centrifugal pump in that it has a water reservoir built into the unit which enables it to rid pump and suction line of air by recirculating water within the pump on priming cycle. This water reservoir may be above the impeller.

RESERVOIR

Or, it may be located in front of the impeller.

RESERVOIR

AT REST

This portable IPT model is an example of a self-priming pump.

TYPES OF PUMPS IN USE TODAY
Centrifugal pumps may be manufactured in many different sizes and shapes. Impeller diameter controls the head or pressure; impeller blade controls the flow rate. Depending upon its intended use, an impeller may have two, three, or even six blades attached. As a rule, impellers designed to handle trashy water will have fewer blades with maximum width. Impellers for highhead or pressure will have more blades of narrow width and may be enclosed on both sides of the blades. DIAPHRAGM PUMPS A diaphragm pump is a plunger-type of pump, similar in operation to the fuel pump in your car. It has a diaphragm (fig. 1) attached to a plunger (fig. 2) – which moves up and down.
Figure 1

The first practical lightweight diaphragm pump was designed in 1953 – a pump which cut 200 lbs. from the weight and gave up to 400% more gallons per minute than pumps then available. In addition to using aluminum in major pump parts, a spring was added to the plunger rod to absorb the first shock as the plunger started its down stroke. Result: a smoother running unit and improved diaphragm life. It was extended even longer with material innovations for diaphragms.

UP STROKE

DOWN STROKE

Figure 3

Figure 2

There are check valves on either side of the pump.

Check valves

On the up stroke, the suction valve opens and water flows in.

Next, a suction accumulator (fig. 3) was placed just ahead of the pump. During up stroke, water is drawn from the accumulator directly into the pump body. During down stroke, when water is being pushed out of the body, the accumulator refills with water, making it available for the next stroke. Result: greatly increased capacity and a smoother running unit. The combination of the spring and accumulator makes this diaphragm pump the best on the market.

On the down stroke, discharge opens and water flows out.

Page 3

TYPES OF PUMPS IN USE TODAY
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS The flow rate of a centrifugal pump will vary with a change in discharge pressure whereas the flow rate of a positive displacement pump will remain relatively constant at variable discharge pressures. These types of pumps are mostly used where high pressure and low volume are required. They normally will not hold up when pumping dirty water or abrasive liquids, so are not suitable in construction-type pumping applications. SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS A standard centrifugal pump, usually driven by an electric motor, both of which are encased in a common housing which can be immersed in water. Submersible pumps do not require priming, as water flows to the pump.

Positive Displacement models, such as this G-R heavy-duty rotary gear pump, are versatile enough to handle a wide variety of pumping applications.

Submersible pumps, such as this slimline model, are ideal for high-head, highvolume applications.

Page 4

HOW TO READ PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES
Each pump has a performance curve. These graphs give the actual performance of a pump under different sets of conditions. Please see “Curve A” on the next page.
Curve “A” This is a typical curve used to portray performance of the Model 3G5 pump powered by a Briggs & Stratton 5 HP engine. Note, along the bottom is the capacity in U.S. Gallons per Minute. Along the left edge, amount of pressure the pump will develop is expressed in both pounds pressure and feet. These show the total head the pump will develop. Normally, the “feet” scale is used in figuring a contractor’s pump job. Also on the curve are more lines. A solid line gives the performance of a unit at continuous duty (governed speed) operating conditions such as you would expect on a construction job. Lines marked 25’, 20’, 15’, and 5’ show maximum gallons per minute the pump is capable of delivering at various suction lifts (height of pump above water).
Curve “A”

To read the curve, you may start at either left scale or bottom scale. Let’s assume you desire to pump 100 GPM. Follow across the bottom GPM scale until you reach 100; then follow this line until you cross a heavy black line; then straight back to the left to the “feet” scale. What does this tell you? Simply this: the pump is capable of pumping 100 GPM against a total head of approximately 68 feet, provided the pump is no more than 25 feet above water. Let us say total head is 60 feet. Start at the left on the “feet” scale, at the 60’ mark, until a heavy black line is reached; then straight down to the GPM scale. Result: against a total head of 60 feet, the pump will deliver 150 GPM, provided the unit is no more than 20 feet above water. If the unit is 25 feet above water, the most you could expect would be about 125 GPM.

TDH
METERS BARS FEET PSI

MODEL DATE

3G5-1 9-15-89

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 CAPACITY

34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0
USGPM IGPM M /h L/min
3

ENGINE DRIVEN 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 20 40 60 80 0
STATIC LIFT 7.6M 25' 6.4M 20' 4.6M 15' 3M 1.5M 10' 5'

100 120

120 140

50 180 220

55 200 240

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

IN HUNDREDS

16
Page 5

65 240 280 300 70 260 320 75 280 340 80 300 360 85 320 380 90 400 340 95 420 360

160

180

200

60 220 260

140 35 40

5 20

10 40

0 0

45

15

20

25

30

160

60

80

TDH
METERS BARS FEET PSI

MODEL DATE

3G5-2 9-12-89

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 CAPACITY

34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0
USGPM IGPM M /h L/min
3

MOTOR DRIVEN 110 MAX. PRIMING 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 80 100 160 180 200 220 260 280 300 300 360 320 380 100 120 120 140 180 220 200 240 280 340 400 90 340 15 16
Curve “B”
3500 RPM 24 FT 3200 RPM 24 FT 2900 RPM 24 FT 2600 RPM 20 FT

350

0 RP

M

320

HP 6 3500 RPM HP 3200 2900 2600 5 4 3 2 3M 10' 1.5M 5' 320 420 95 1 0 360

0

2900
2600

STATIC LIFT 20 40 60 80

7.6M 25'

6.4M 20'

4.6M 15'

20

40

60

160

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

60

65

70

260

0

140

240

75

12

10

11

13

IN HUNDREDS

Many times your customer will desire to use an electric motor driven pump. Curves depicting performance of these pumps are slightly different. Curve “B” illustrates these differences, for the same pump model as Curve “A”
Curve “B” There are more lines on this curve than on gasoline engine-driven pump curves. These extra lines are (1) RPM (Revolutions Per Minute), which illustrates performance at various speeds; (2) horsepower at various RPMs is also indicated and on Curve “B” is marked 1 to 6 BHP. This information is needed to pick the right size motor; (3) there is a chart which shows the maximum vertical distance that the pump will prime at various speeds marked maximum priming; (4) then there are lines marked static lift. Use these lines to determine a pump’s suction lift. The result is maximum suction lift at which pump can be placed and still deliver desired gallons per minute. Example: To pump 220 GPM, pump must be within 15 feet of water. Simple, isn’t it? If you are operating a pump at higher elevations of 2,000’ to 5,000’ above sea level, refer to Page 9 for altitude deduction which must be taken into account. An important item to remember in use of electric motor-driven pumps is the fact motors operate at a
Page 6

constant speed. Their RPM cannot be varied as can most gasoline or diesel engines. Electric Motor Speeds (RPM) 60 Cycle 50 Cycle 25 Cycle 3450 2950 1450 1750 1450 725 1150 850 450 60 Cycle is the most prevalent in North America, with 50 Cycle the most common elsewhere. Using Model 3G5P pump as an example, we could not expect this pump directly connected to a 3500 RPM motor to deliver as much as engine driven model 3G5, which operates at a higher speed. To select the proper size motor, it is only necessary to refer to the RPM line at which pump is to be driven. Operation at 2900 RPM requires a 3 HP motor, as shown on the curve; and for operation at 3500 RPM, a 5 HP, 3450 RPM motor is needed. Note: 3500 RPM line starts at 3 HP and goes up to 5 HP. This means you would overload a 3 HP motor, as it is necessary to use 5 HP.

14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

85

80

55

0

5

UNDERSTANDING PUMP APPLICATIONS
Let us assume a contractor estimates water flow in a ditch he is digging at 200 GPM (gallons per minute). [See Table 2, page 13] The ditch is 5 feet deep and we must push water over an embankment 10 feet high and 80 feet away. The contractor has estimated 200 GPM, but we know from past experience that not every person is a good judge of water flow and the contractor may run into additional water. So, to be on the safe side, we assume his maximum water requirement may be 225 GPM. From the picture below, we see our customer has a suction lift (height of pump above the water) of 5 feet. He also has a discharge head (how high the water must be pushed vertically) of 10 feet.

Next we must figure friction loss in total length of hose, piping and fittings:
Check with Table

We then add together the following: Suction lift Discharge head Friction loss in hose Total head, including friction loss
(Known as TDH, Total Dynamic Head)

1) Suction hose 2) Strainer loss (equals 5 feet of pipe) 3) Discharge piping 4) 1–90º elbow (=8 feet of pipe) Total length of pipe, hose, fittings

10’ 5’ 100’ 8’ 123’

5’ 10’ 18.2’ 33.2’

Next, we refer to Page 10 of this book for the friction loss table. Here we find it is impractical to use smaller than 3” pipe or hose for 225 GPM. We note friction loss for 250 GPM through 3” pipe is 14.8 feet per 100 feet of hose. Since we have a total of 123 feet, we multiply 1.23 times 14.8 and find our total loss in hose is 18.2 feet.

We must now find a pump which will give us 225 gallons per minute at a total head of 33.2 feet with the pump 10 feet above water.

Page 7

UNDERSTANDING PUMP APPLICATIONS
TDH
METERS BARS FEET PSI

MODEL DATE

"G" COMPOSITE-E 9-15-89 ENGINE DRIVEN

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0
USGPM

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 1.5G2 20 2G3 10 2G5 0 20 40 60 80 0 80 100 160 200 220 260 280 300 300 360 320 380 100 120 120 140 180 220 200 240 280 340 400 340 90 15 16 95 320 20 40 60 0 140 240 160 260 420 360 180 3G5

CAPACITY

IGPM M /h L/min
3

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80 13

10

11

12

IN HUNDREDS

Here we note our head condition of 33.2 feet is close to curve of the 3G5, at which point the pump will

deliver 240 GPM when 10 feet above water. Therefore, we select a 3 inch pump.

HOW TO SELECT THE RIGHT PUMP FOR THE JOB
Nine times out of ten, your customer will tell you he wants a 2-, 3- or 4-inch pump. Sometimes, however, your customer will ask you to figure the correct pump for a certain application. There are several things we must know before we attempt to select the proper pump: 1) How many gallons per minute are we going to pump? 2) How high is the pump above water? 3) How high must the water be pushed after it leaves the pump? 4) The total length of hose or pipe to be used. 5) Is water merely to be “dumped” at the end of the discharge run, or will it be used to perform work? (See Special Conditions in Figuring Pump Applications)

Page 8

14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

85

0

5

HOW TO SELECT THE RIGHT PUMP FOR THE JOB
SPECIAL CONDITIONS IN FIGURING PUMP APPLICATIONS
PRESSURE REQUIRED AT END OF DISCHARGE LINE Some applications, such as gravel washing, jetting, piling, and borrow pit sprinkling, require not only delivering water at a point some distance from the pump, but also supplying a certain amount of pressure at the end of the line. As an example, if 40 pounds of pressure were required for gravel washing in our illustration, this figure must be added to the result of our first four steps. It is easier to convert pounds pressure to feet of head, as we have used feet in figuring the application. From the table on Page 14 you will note 40 pounds is equal to approximately 92.3 feet of head. Here is the result: Total Head, including friction loss 51.2’ Pressure required at end of pipe 92.3’ New Total Head (TDH) 143.5’ Suction lift also suffers and adjustments must be made. The table below illustrates the equivalent suction lifts for various altitudes. Example: At 6,000 feet elevation, a pump must be placed with 6.9 feet of the water to deliver as much water in GPM (gallons per minute) as the same unit would at a 10-foot suction lift at sea level. Elevation Sea Level 2,000 Feet 4,000 Feet 6,000 Feet 8,000 Feet 10,000 Feet Suction Lifts (in Feet) 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 8.8 13.2 17.6 22.0 7.8 11.7 15.6 19.5 6.9 10.4 13.8 17.3 6.2 9.3 12.4 15.5 5.7 8.6 11.4 14.3

We now need to make a new pump selection.
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY

Pounds per sq. in. Feet (of water) Inches of Mercury

Feet of Water Pounds per sq. in. Feet of Water (also see Page12)

2.31 .433 1.133

NOTE: All references to GPM in this booklet refer to US gallons per minute. (1) To convert imperial gallons to US gallons, multiply imperial gallons by 1.2. (2) To convert US gallons to imperial gallons, multiply US gallons by .83.

APPLICATIONS AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS
Pump performance is calculated and plotted on all published data at sea level. At elevations of 1,000 feet and below, this data may generally safely be used, but at higher elevations both pump and engine lose output. Following is listed the loss in performance which may be expected compared with sea level performance: GPM HEAD ELEVATION 2,000 Feet -3% -5% 4,000 Feet -5% -9% 6,000 Feet -7% -13% 8,000 Feet -9% -17% 10,000 Feet -12% -22%

ENGINES, TOO, SUFFER FROM ALTITUDE
Most engines are rated by the manufacturer using 60 degrees Fahrenheit at sea level. Deductions must be made from the rated horsepower as follows: For each 1,000 feet above sea level, deduct 3.5%, and 1% for each 10 degrees Fahrenheit above 60 degrees.

Page 9

FRICTION LOSS THROUGH 100’ OF HOSE OR PIPE
Loss is given in feet of head. Based on Williams & Hazen formula using constant 100. Sizes of standard pipe in inches.
3” Pipe 4” Pipe 5” Pipe .50” Pipe .75” Pipe 1.0” Pipe 1.25” Pipe 1.50” Pipe 2.0” Pipe 2.50” Pipe 6” Pipe U.S. Gal Minute 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 U.S. Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Vel. Loss Gallons ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in ft. per in per Minute Sec. feet sec. feet. sec. feet. sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet sec. feet 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 8” PIPE 0.90 0.08 0.96 0.09 1.02 0.10 1.08 0.11 1.15 0.13 1.21 0.14 1.28 0.15 1.40 0.18 10” PIPE 1.53 0.22 1.66 0.25 1.79 0.28 1.91 0.32 2.05 0.37 2.18 0.41 2.30 0.45 2.43 0.50 2.60 0.54 2.92 0.68 3.19 0.82 3.52 0.97 3.84 1.16 4.16 1.34 4.46 1.54 4.80 1.74 5.10 1.97 5.48 2.25 0.98 0.07 1.06 0.08 1.15 0.09 1.22 0.11 1.31 0.12 1.39 0.14 1.47 0.15 12” PIPE 1.55 0.17 1.08 1.63 0.19 1.14 1.84 0.23 1.28 2.04 0.28 1.42 2.24 0.33 1.59 2.45 0.39 1.70 2.65 0.45 1.84 2.86 0.52 1.99 3.06 0.59 2.13 3.26 0.66 2.27 3.47 0.75 2.41 .069 .075 0.95 14” PIPE .113 1.04 .136 1.15 .159 1.25 0.19 1.37 0.22 1.46 0.24 1.58 0.27 1.67 0.31 1.79 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 16” PIPE 0.14 1.36 0.08 15.01 113.0 11.02 53.00 7.15 18.40 4.58 6.20 3.18 2.57 1.79 0.63 16.06 129.0 1.80 60.00 7.66 20.90 4.91 7.10 3.33 3.00 1.91 0.73 17.16 145.0 12.59 68.00 8.17 23.70 5.23 7.90 3.63 3.28 2.04 0.81 18.21 163.8 13.38 75.00 8.68 26.50 5.56 8.10 3.78 3.54 2.17 0.91 19.30 180.0 14.71 84.00 9.19 29.40 5.88 9.80 4.09 4.08 2.30 1.00 14.95 93.00 9.70 32.60 6.21 10.80 4.22 4.33 2.42 1.12 15.74 102.0 10.21 35.80 6.54 12.00 4.54 4.96 2.55 1.22 17.31 122.00 11.23 42.90 7.18 14.50 5.00 6.00 2.81 1.46 18.89 143.00 12.25 50.00 7.84 16.80 5.45 7.00 3.06 1.72 20.46 166.00 13.28 58.00 8.48 18.70 5.91 8.10 3.31 1.97 22.04 190.0 14.30 67.00 9.15 22.30 6.35 9.20 3.57 2.28 15.32 76.00 9.81 25.50 6.82 10.50 3.82 2.62 16.34 86.00 10.46 29.00 7.26 11.80 4.08 2.91 17.36 96.00 11.11 34.10 7.71 13.30 4.33 3.26 18.38 107.00 11.76 35.70 8.17 14.00 4.60 3.61 19.40 118.00 12.42 39.60 8.63 15.50 4.84 4.01 20.42 129.00 13.07 43.10 9.08 17.80 5.11 4.40 22.47 154.00 14.38 52.00 9.99 21.30 5.62 5.20 24.51 182.00 15.69 61.00 10.89 25.10 6.13 6.20 26.55 211.00 16.99 70.00 11.80 29.10 6.64 7.20 18.30 81.00 12.71 33.40 7.15 8.20 19.61 92.00 13.62 38.00 7.66 9.30 1.14 0.21 1.22 0.24 1.31 0.27 1.39 0.31 1.47 0.34 1.55 0.38 1.63 0.41 1.79 0.49 1.96 0.58 2.12 0.67 2.29 0.76 2.45 0.88 2.61 0.98 2.77 1.08 2.94 2.04 3.10 1.35 3.27 1.48 3.59 1.77 3.92 2.08 4.25 2.41 4.58 2.77 4.90 3.14 0.79 0.85 0.91 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.13 1.25 1.36 1.47 1.59 1.70 1.82 1.92 1.82 2.16 2.27 2.50 2.72 2.95 3.18 3.40 3.64 3.84 4.08 4.31 4.55 5.11 5.68 6.25 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.32 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.62 0.73 0.87 1.00 1.14 1.32 1.47 1.62 1.83 2.00 2.20 2.74 3.36 3.96 4.65 5.40 6.21 7.12 7.96

20.92 103.00 14.52 42.80 8.17 10.50 5.23 3.54 22.22 116.00 15.43 47.60 8.68 11.70 5.54 3.91 23.53 128.00 16.34 53.00 9.19 13.10 5.87 4.41 24.84 142.00 17.25 59.00 9.69 14.00 6.19 4.86 26.14 156.00 18.16 65.00 10.21 16.00 6.54 5.40 20.40 78.00 11.49 19.80 .35 6.70

22.70 98.00 12.77 24.00 8.17 8.10 24.96 117.00 14.04 28.70 8.99 9.60

27.23 137.00 15.32 33.70 9.80 11.30 6.81 16.59 39.00 10.62 13.20 7.38 17.87 44.90 11.44 15.10 7.95 19.15 51.00 12.26 17.20 8.50 20.42 57.00 13.07 19.40 9.08 21.70 64.00 13.89

2 7 1 0 .

FRICTION LOSS IN PIPE FITTINGS
(EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT LENGTHS OF STRAIGHT PIPE)
VALVES - FULL OPEN Nom SLUG Pipe GLOB ANGL SWG GATE PLUG FOOT SHUT 45º Dia. E E CK OFF 11/2” 2” 21/2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” .9 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 3.2 4.3 5.3 6.4 – 6.0 6.5 8 17 65 110 150 – 45 58 69 86 113 170 – – – 23 29 35 43 57 85 112 141 168 11 14 16 20 26 39 52 65 77 39 47 55 64 71 77 79 81 83 64 66 75 97 134 210 270 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.6 4.7 7.1 9.4 ELLS 90º 4.1 5.2 6.2 7.7 10.2 L R 90º 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.2 6.8 TUBE-TURN L. R. STD. 45º 90º 45º 90º 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.8 5.8 7.7 9.6 11.5 2.3 3.0 3.8 4.5 6.0 9.0 12 15 18 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.9 5.2 6.5 7.8 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.1 4.1 6.1 8.1 TEES STR SIDE THRU OUT’T 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.2 6.8 10.2 13.4 8.1 10.4 12.4 15.5 20.3 31 40 51 61 ENLGMT 1/2 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.7 6.2 9.5 13 16 19 3/4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.8 CONTRN 1/2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.6 5.6 7.4 9.5 11 3/4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.8

15.3 10.2 20.2 13.4 17 20

330 11.8 25.3 410 14.1 30

10.2 16.9 12.2 20.2

FRICTION LOSS IN POUNDS PRESSURE
THROUGH ALUMINUM PIPE GPM
50 100 150

Pipe Size
2” 3” 4” 2” 3” 4” 2” 3” 4” 3” 4” 6” 3” 4” 6” 4” 6” 8” 4” 6” 8” 4” 6” 8” 6” 8” 6” 8” 6” 8” 6” 8” 6” 8”

100’
2.97 .37 .09 11.02 1.38 .32 20.13 2.82 .69 5.13 1.21 .16 11.05 2.60 .34 4.50 .59 .14 6.83 .89 .22 9.75 1.28 .31 1.70 .42 2.18 .54 3.35 .82 4.72 1.16 6.36 1.56

200’
6. 0.74 0.18 22. 3. 0.64 41. 6. 2. 11. 3. 0.32 22. 6. 0.68 9. 1. 0.28 14. 2. 0.44 20. 3. 0.62 4. 1. 5. 1. 7. 2. 10. 3. 13. 3.

500’
15. 2. 1. 56. 7. 2. 101. 15. 4. 26. 7. 1. 56. 13. 2. 23. 3. 1. 35. 5. 2. 49. 7. 2. 9. 3. 11. 3. 17. 5. 24. 6. 32. 8.

Length of Pipe in Feet 1000’ 2000’
30. 4. 1. 111. 14. 4. 202. 29. 7. 52. 13. 2. 111. 26. 4. 23. 3. 1. 35. 5. 2. 49. 7. 2. 9. 3. 11. 3. 17. 5. 24. 6. 32. 8. 60. 8. 2. 221. 28. 7. 57. 14. 103. 25. 4. 221. 52. 7. 90. 12. 3. 137. 18. 5. 195. 26. 7. 34. 9. 44. 11. 67. 17. 95. 24. 128. 32.

3000’
90. 12. 3. 42. 10. 85. 21. 154. 37. 5. 332. 78. 11. 135. 18. 5. 205. 27. 7. 293. 39. 10. 51. 13. 66. 17. 101. 25. 142. 35. 191. 47.

4000’
119. 15. 4. 56. 13. 113. 28. 206. 49. 7. 104. 14. 180. 24. 6. 274. 36. 9. 52. 13. 68. 17. 88. 22. 134. 33. 189. 47. 255. 63.

5000’
149. 19. 5. 69. 16. 141. 35. 257. 61. 8. 130. 17. 225. 30. 7. 342. 45. 11. 64. 16. 85. 21. 109. 27. 168. 41. 236. 58. 318. 78.
Page 11

200 300

400 500

600 700 800 1000 1200 1400

TO CONVERT
POUNDS PRESSURE TO FEET OF HEAD
POUNDS PRESSURE (PSI) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 500 FEET HEAD 2.31 4.62 6.93 9.24 11.55 13.85 16.16 18.47 20.78 23.09 46.18 69.27 92.36 115.49 138.54 161.63 184.72 207.80 230.90 277.07 323.25 369.43 415.61 461.78 692.69 922.58 1154.48 FEET HEAD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 300 400 500

FEET OF HEAD TO POUNDS PRESSURE
POUNDS PRESSURE (PSI) 0.43 0.87 1.30 1.73 2.17 2.60 3.03 3.46 3.90 4.33 8.66 12.99 17.32 21.65 25.99 30.32 34.65 38.98 43.31 51.97 60.63 69.29 77.96 86.62 129.93 173.24 216.55

Page 12

CAPACITY AND FLOW CHART
Table One
Amount of water per foot in excavations
Diameter of Pool of Water 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’ 9’ 10’ 15’ 20’ 25’ 30’ 35’ 40’ 45’ 50’ U.S. Gallons per Foot of Depth 6 24 53 94 147 212 288 376 476 587 1320 2350 3672 5275 7200 9500 11900 14700

Table Two
Approximate flow of streams in U.S. Gallons per minute (Stream flow rate: 1’ per second)
Depth of Stream at Midpoint 1” 2” 3” 4” 5” 6” 7” 8” 9” 10” 11” 12” 13” 14” 15” 16” 17” 18” 19” Width of Stream in Feet 1 14 39 71 108 148 190 244 3 43 121 221 338 470 614 771 935 1106 1286 1486 1674 1864 2086 2296 2516 2770 2964 3192 5 72 202 370 569 794 1040 1304 1582 1879 2196 2542 2866 3204 3592 3968 4360 4788 5160 5576 10 144 404 740 1139 1588 2080 2608 3164 3759 4392 5084 5732 6408 7184 7936 8720 9576 10320 11152

To estimate large areas of water, remember: 7 1/2 gallons = 1 cubic foot (1’ x 1’ x 1’) Example: Assume we have an area 500’ by 750’ covered with water to a depth of 3’

If the water were to be removed at a rate of 1000 GPM, it would take 140 hours of continuous pumping to do the job. From this, you can see it pays to take the time to estimate the amount of water to be pumped.

500 x 750 x 3 = 1,125,000 cubic feet 1,125,000 x 7.50 - 8,437,500 gallons to be removed

Page 13

THEORETICAL DISCHARGE OF NOZZLES
IN U.S. GALLONS PER MINUTE
HEAD Pounds
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 175 200

Feet
23.1 34.6 462 57.7 69.3 80.8 92.3 103.9 115.5 127.0 138.6 150.1 161.7 173.2 184.8 196.3 207.9 219.4 230.9 242.4 254.0 265.5 277.1 288.6 300.2 311.7 323.3 334.8 346.4 404.1 461.9

Velocity of Discharge in Feet per Second
38.6 47.25 54.55 61.0 68.85 72.2 77.2 81.8 86.25 90.4 94.5 98.3 102.1 105.7 109.1 112.5 115.8 119.0 122.0 125.0 128.0 130.9 133.7 136.4 139.1 141.8 144.3 146.9 149.5 161.4 172.6

DIAMETER OF NOZZLES IN INCHES 1/16
0.37 0.45 0.52 0.58 0.64 0.69 0.74 0.78 0.83 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.01 1.05 1.06 1.11 1.14 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.55 1.65

1/8
1.48 1.81 2.09 2.34 2.56 2.77 2.96 3.13 3.30 3.46 3.62 3.77 3.91 4.05 4.18 4.31 4.43 4.56 4.67 4.79 4.90 5.01 5.12 5.22 5.33 5.43 5.53 5.62 5.72 6.18 6.61

3/16
3.32 4.06 4.69 5.25 5.75 6.21 6.64 7.03 7.41 7.77 8.12 8.45 8.78 9.09 9.39 9.67 9.95 10.2 10.5 10.8 11.0 11.2 11.5 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.9 13.9 14.8

1/4
5.91 7.24 8.35 9.34 10.2 11.1 11.8 12.5 13.2 13.8 14.5 15.1 15.7 16.2 16.7 17.3 17.7 18.2 18.7 19.2 19.6 20.0 20.5 20.9 21.3 21.7 22.1 22.5 22.9 24.7 26.4

3/8
13.3 16.3 18.8 21.0 23.0 24.8 26.6 28.2 29.7 31.1 32.5 33.8 35.2 36.4 37.6 38.8 39.9 41.0 42.1 43.1 44.1 45.1 46.0 47.0 48.0 48.9 49.8 50.6 51.5 55.6 59.5

1/2
23.6 28.9 33.4 37.3 40.9 44.2 47.3 50.1 52.8 55.3 57.8 60.2 62.5 64.7 66.8 68.9 70.8 72.8 74.7 76.5 78.4 80.1 81.6 83.5 85.2 86.7 88.4 91.5 98.8 106

5/8
36.9 45.2 52.2 58.3 63.9 69.0 73.8 78.2 82.5 86.4 90.4 94.0 94.0 97.7 101 104 108 111 114 117 120 122 125 128 130 133 136 138 140 143 154 165

3/4
53.1 65.0 75.1 84.0 92.0 99.5 106 113 119 125 130 136 141 146 150 155 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 195 199 202 206 222 238

7/8
72.4 88.5 102 114 125 135 145 153 162 169 177 184 191 193 205 211 217 223 229 234 240 245 251 256 261 266 271 275 280 302 325

HEAD Pounds
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 175 200

Feet
23.1 34.6 462 57.7 69.3 80.8 92.4 103.9 115.5 127.0 138.6 150.1 161.7 173.2 184.8 196.3 207.9 219.4 230.9 242.4 254.0 265.5 277.1 288.6 300.2 311.7 323.3 334.8 346.4 404.1 461.9

Velocity of Discharge in Feet per Second
38.6 47.25 54.65 61.0 66.85 72.2 77.2 81.8 86.25 90.4 94.5 98.3 102.1 105.7 109.1 112.5 115.8 119.0 122.0 125.0 128.0 130.9 133.7 136.4 139.1 141.8 144.3 146.9 149.5 161.4 172.6

DIAMETER OF NOZZLES IN INCHES 1
94.5 116.0 134 149 164 177 188 200 211 221 231 241 250 259 267 276 284 292 299 306 314 320 327 334 341 347 354 360 366 395 423

1 1/3
120 147 169 189 207 224 239 253 267 280 293 305 317 327 338 349 359 369 378 388 397 406 414 423 432 439 448 455 463 500 535

1 1/4
148 181 209 234 256 277 296 313 330 346 362 376 391 404 418 431 443 455 467 479 490 501 512 522 533 543 553 562 572 618 660

1 3/8
179 219 253 283 309 334 357 379 399 418 438 455 473 489 505 521 536 551 565 579 583 606 619 632 645 565 663 680 692 747 799

1 1/2
213 280 301 336 368 398 425 451 475 498 521 542 563 582 602 620 638 656 672 689 705 720 736 751 767 780 795 809 824 890 950

1 3/4
289 354 409 458 501 541 578 613 647 678 708 737 765 792 818 844 868 892 915 937 960 980 1002 1022 1043 1063 1082 1100 1120 1210 1294

2
378 463 535 598 655 708 756 801 845 886 926 964 1001 1037 1100 1103 1136 1168 1196 1226 1255 1282 1310 1338 1365 1390 1415 1440 1466 1582 1691

2 1/4
479 585 676 756 828 895 957 1015 1070 1121 1172 1220 1267 1310 1354 1395 1436 1476 1512 1550 1588 1621 1659 1690 1726 1759 1790 1820 1853 2000 2140

2 1/2
591 723 835 934 1023 1106 1182 1252 1320 1385 1447 1506 1565 1619 1672 1723 1773 1824 1870 1916 1961 2005 2050 2090 2132 2173 2212 2250 2290 2473 2645

NOTE: The actual quantities will vary from these figures, the amount of variation depending upon the shape of the nozzle and the size of pipe at the point where the pressure is determined. With smooth taper nozzles, the actual discharge is about 94 percent of the figures given in the above tables.
Page 14

WHERE TO USE PUMPS
CONSTRUCTION USES
■ ■ ■ ■ Self-Priming Centrifugal Pumps General Purpose, High Pressure Trash

CONSTRUCTION USES
■ Diaphragm Pumps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ditch & manhole dewatering Sewage by-passing Small wellpoint systems Septic tank cleaning Any slow seepage requirement

Pump Out – 1. Small excavations (General Purpose & 2. Foundations (General Purpose & 3. Manholes (General Purpose & 4. Several well points (General Purpose) 5. Strip mines (General Purpose) 6. Flood water (General Purpose & 7. Swimming Pools (General Purpose) 8. Sewage by-passing (Trash) 9. Jetting (High Pressure) Fill – 1. Water wagons (General Purpose) 2. Swimming Pools (General Purpose)

Trash) Trash) Trash) ■ ■ ■ ■

FARM USES
Self-Priming Centrifugal Pumps General Purpose High Pressure Trash

Trash)

Irrigation Uses – 1. Truck farms (General Purpose & High Pressure) 2. Fill stock tanks (General Purpose & High Pressure) 3. Wash down barn areas (High Pressure) 4. Transfer liquid manures (Trash Pumps) 5. Washing of equipment (High Pressure) 6. Pump out flood water (General Purpose & Trash) 7. Standby fire protection (High Pressure) 8. Water transfer at fish farms (General Purpose)

General Uses – 1. Wash down equipment (High Pressure) 2. Standby fire protection (High Pressure) 3. Barge cleaning (General Purpose & Trash) 4. Marinas (General Purpose, High Pressure & Trash)

FARM USES
■ Diaphragm Pumps 1. Transfer liquified manures 2. Septic tank cleaning 3. Any slow seepage requirement
Page 15