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Risk Assessment

SCI/275 Malathion is something that is being taken into consideration by the City Council of Genericville it is an insecticide spray that will help to control the West Nile Virus and the further spread of the virus. This is a risk assessment on the use of a spray called Malathion in the city of Genericville. There are several steps that are involved in this first is hazard identification and that is the effects that it will have on the health of the humans who are going to be exposed to the spraying of the Malathion. The second is what is called dose response; this is the amount on spray that would be needed to cause any health effects. The third deals with the exposure to all the humans and also based on the total amount of spray that was used and also how long the exposure to the insecticide will last. The final step is what I would call risk characterization which would be used to help determine that if any or certain humans that live in the city would be prone to any health risks that would associated with the use of Malathion. The result of this assessment is that the city of Genericville should really use the insecticide spray called Malathion to help in reducing the spread of the West Nile Virus. There are many sides to this and they include the social, economic, and the political sides of any arguments that have to be considered with the use of the insecticide spray. The West Nile Virus is a very huge concern in the area and that is all because of all the wet lands that are located in the area. One can say they there can easily be up to 50 projected cases of the West Nile Virus alone this year if nothing is done to help with the issue. A citizen who was affected by the concern of the rising levels of the West Nile Virus has offered funds to Genericville for the program to spray the air and the ground with the Malathion spray to help aide in reducing the massive mosquito population. And of course with all debates there are two sides to this debate when it comes to the use of the spray and the City Council is debating on if the use of the Malathion use is less risk then the spread of the West Nile Virus. This risk assessment has been performed on the uses of Malathion based on all sides of the hazard identification, dose exposure, exposure, and risk characterization.

The first step in this assessment is what is called hazard identification. It deals with all of the health risks that are associated with the exposure to the Malathion that may cause. The exposure to the insecticide may cause some adverse health effects that can range from very mild all the way to very severe. The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005) said that “common mild symptoms of Malathion poisoning includes headaches, vomiting, dizziness, and anxiety. Moderate symptoms include difficulty breathing, hypertension, blurred vision, and memory loss. Severe symptoms include coma, seizures, pulmonary edema, and paralysis.” (Section 3). The symptoms and the severity of them depend on the exposure of the doses of Malathion.

The second process in this assessment is what is called dose exposure. That is the amount of exposure that one would have to the Malathion. This is dealing with any exposure that anyone would have dealing with the spray. The dose exposure to the city is expected to be very low. The city and its population are way less likely to have any exposure to the Malathion spray in any high doses. There are not any adverse health’s effects because of the proposed low does are not to be considered to be serious and the symptoms are going to rare and very treatable. The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005) stated “life threatening or severe symptoms occur in high doses which involve attempted suicide.” (Section 3).

The third step in this risk assessment is what is called exposure, and that is how often, how long, and how much the exposure to the spray will last. The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005) stated “some exposure to residue of Malathion is possible and had been detected in food and atmosphere. Populations living near Malathion use are at higher risk of exposure.” (Section 2). Having contact with the plants that have been sprayed with the Malathion is one main way that the citizens can be exposed. The plants that have the residue can cause exposure to the citizens when they are eaten. The length of exposure for humans is expected to only last as long as one whole week. The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005) stated “Malathion degrades rapidly in the environment and undergoes hydrolysis, biodegrading, and photolysis.” (Section 1).

The fourth and final step in the risk assessment is what is referred to as risk characterization can be used to help determine if any individuals in the city have been exposed to any of the risks of the spray and if anyone is at a higher risk than others. Based on information that has been collected from the previous sections of this assessment of the dose response and expose assessment are only the individuals who do not follow any precautions and who put themselves at a risk of exposure. Wiley, J. (2206) stated “agricultural workers are more venerable to pesticide exposure than other groups.” (Section 4-1 p.2) This means that the only ones that are really in any harm of exposure are the humans who are spraying the Malathion.

Based on the findings of this risk assessment I believe that the city should use the Malathion. Using this will allow the city to maintain and control the spread of the West Nile Virus. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2006) stated “between January 2006 and December 2006, there were 4,269 human cases of West Nile reported.” (Paragraph 5). The political sides that are involved in considering this issue have a concern for the public and have gotten the City Council involved so that they can find the best solution for the city and its citizens. The social side is the precautions that the citizens should follow to lessen any chance of exposure. If for some chance that the Malathion does not do its part to control the West Nile Virus then the economy will really suffer. Tourism is a huge part of the city’s revue and tourists are less likely to visit of the presence of West Nile is around. This will cause a huge loss of the city’s money and the attractions that brings people and tourists to the city of Genericville.

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