...Principles of Policing Sir Robert Peel & Sir Richard Mayne Barbara Cox ECPI CJ 110 Mr. Taylor July 28, 2012 Abstract The Nine Principles are a set of rules that were formed during the 1800’s for police officers so they could maintain order and enforce the law to an extent while still maintaining the respect of the public. Sir Robert Peel came up with his own set of Nine Principles and Sir Richard Mayne just added to them upon replacing Sir Robert Peel. Introduction The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the Nine Principles of Policing, and who what where and why, these principles were need. We will start by discussing Sir Robert Peel his background and ideals. We also will discuss Sir Richard Mayne and his background as well as his ideals. We will also be discussing why these two men’s’ ideals are accredited for being the foundation of modern policing. The information that was used to research this paper has come from online articles, online newspapers, others’ papers, and the hand out provided in class. Sir Robert Peel (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) Sir Robert Peel was born on 5 February 1788 at Chamber Hall just outside of Bury in Lancashire. The Peels were farmers and weavers in Lancashire, but were mostly known for making their fortune in textile manufacturing. Robert was educated at home until...
Words: 1924 - Pages: 8
...Darrell Woodfork CJA/324- Ethics In Criminal Justice Instructor: Ricky Thompson Date: 9/30/2012 Sir Robert Peel: Community Policing Sir Robert Peel and Community Policing In 1829, Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police and according to Peel, the real key for policing is the police are the people and the people are the police. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens. Community policing is based on Peel's concept of prevention. Community policing has been embraced by many law enforcement organizations across our country. Community policing is based on its goal to prevent crime and promote better police-community partnerships. Community policing requires an investment in training with special attention to problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, community organization; communication, mediation and conflict resolution, resource identification and use, networking and linkages, and cross-cultural competency. Public approval and cooperation is a basis of Sir Robert Peel’s principles of effective policing. Peel stated that the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. In our diverse society, it is necessary for police to understand the different...
Words: 1644 - Pages: 7
...Robert Peel was a noted British Conservative of the nineteenth century, one who enjoyed a vastly influential career in English politics. He served, in fact, as Prime Minister on two separate occasions. Despite some important actions taken by him in these terms, Peel’s legacy is most usually associated with his creation of the first metropolitan police force in Britain, in 1829. Within a few decades, Peel’s concepts and framework would cross the Atlantic and be gradually adopted by the United States, and this basic framework remains very much in place today. Policing Before and After Peel As regards England, there was no established police authority prior to Peel’s taking over the Home Secretary post in 1822, as it would take some years before he would be able to translate his ideas on policing into reality. There was some authority controlled by the cities and municipalities of the nation, but it was highly disorganized. The “police” appeared only during major conflicts, and British citizens were essentially expected to protect their own interest and safety. In fact, the law prior to Peel’s innovations required that each male citizen own a gun for this purpose (Stevens, 2008, p. 45). It seems that establishing a controlled police force was always something of a concern for Peel; as early as 1813, while serving as Chief Secretary for Dublin, he attempted to form such a constabulary there, perhaps as a trial measure. It would not be until 1829, however, with the additional...
Words: 687 - Pages: 3
...Darrell Woodfork CJA/324- Ethics In Criminal Justice Instructor: Ricky Thompson Date: 9/30/2012 Sir Robert Peel: Community Policing Sir Robert Peel and Community Policing In 1829, Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police and according to Peel, the real key for policing is the police are the people and the people are the police. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens. Community policing is based on Peel's concept of prevention. Community policing has been embraced by many law enforcement organizations across our country. Community policing is based on its goal to prevent crime and promote better police-community partnerships. Community policing requires an investment in training with special attention to problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, community organization; communication, mediation and conflict resolution, resource identification and use, networking and linkages, and cross-cultural competency. Public approval and cooperation is a basis of Sir Robert Peel’s principles of effective policing. Peel stated that the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. In our diverse society, it is necessary for police to understand the different...
Words: 1644 - Pages: 7
...behavior. Early constables and sheriffs were with the increased rate of crime and developed a ‘sort’ in community policing known as “watch and ward.” Later throughout history in the early 1700s policing became an act of religious beliefs. Crime and disorder followed throughout America and unorganized crime prevailed. By the early 1800s a development was established to bring organization and structure to policing. In addition to many historical figures responsiblefor the development of policing. Sir Robert Peel (1829) served as Home Secretary of England and cited a new revolution for policing in the community. This Metropolitan America developed guidelines set for improving community relations and professional behaviors. His ideas stood firm that the key to policing was, “the police are the people and the people are the police.” In this paper, I will discuss the nine principles developed by Sir Robert Peel and the impact it served on American policing and its history Sir Robert Peel was a believer of crime prevention and the use of community policing as a source to aid his nine principles. Peel’s intended goal was to prevent crime and promote better police-community affiliations. This goal was based on the idea that police were willing to engage in special training that focused on problem analysis, problem solving, facilitation, community organization, communication,...
Words: 302 - Pages: 2
...While administrators can glean much from the specific lessons of history that relate to the evolution of community policing, these lessons should be considered within the context of two somewhat more generally applicable principles. First, the crime problem appears to have changed little since the Industrial Revolution drove the urbanization of Western culture in the early 1800s. Objective measures of the true prevalence of criminal activity in our cities remain as elusive today as they were when the British Parliament began debating the "Act for Improving the Police In and Near the Metropolis" in the late 1820s. Similarly, modern surveys of public opinion, like 18th century accounts, still have difficulty "separating fear of crime from disapproval of conduct deemed immoral or alarm at public disorder."6 Nevertheless, descriptions of London's problems early in the last century would sound strikingly familiar to residents of American cities near the end of the 20th century. Second, organizational change in police agencies has been a constant theme of academicians, policymakers, and practitioners from the very beginning_perhaps only because it is one factor among the many complex issues facing the police over which these groups can exercise some control. However, changes in policing strategies are not always determined through rigorous testing.7 Every new movement in law enforcement--from the establishment of the first organized police forces, to the reforms of the Progressive...
Words: 264 - Pages: 2
...Sir Robert Peel and American Policing Kristi Pursley CJA/214 August 15, 2011 Don Redden Sir Robert Peel and American Policing The history of policing dates back several thousand years ago when there was no order or peace and inhumane acts upon citizens was the norm with religious, political, or military police acting as the law. Policing was unstable and unorganized. Citizens took the law into their own hands and served as judge, jury, and executioner. There was not such a thing as being “innocent until proven guilty.” If the community believed an individual was guilty of a crime then the community would handle the offense themselves. American policing stems from the English heritage; crime prevention and control, preventive patrol, and the quasi-military organizational method became the policing structure. The English colonists brought a criminal justice system as part of their cultural baggage (Walker & Katz, 2008, p. 24). In addition, American policing also used other features from the British system. A member of England’s elite social and political class fought to improve the structure of the law enforcement for more than 30 years. History expresses itself and acknowledges this member as the “father” of modern policing, otherwise known as Sir Robert Peel (Walker & Katz, 2008, p. 25). After the collapse of the England law enforcement in the early nineteenth century, Sir Robert Peel took a stand to control order and organization in the law enforcement system...
Words: 950 - Pages: 4
...Sir Robert Peel on American policing Daniel Jackson JR CJA/214 11/26/11 Mark Logan Sir Robert Peel’s Position on Policing to the Diverse Needs of the Modern Day Society The necessity of an orderly society points out to be the most important ingredient of social, political, and economic progress. Many lawyers and magistrates had been trying to contribute to that effect especially those who are public servants. One of these administrators of justice is Sir Robert Peel who had contributed much for the benefit of the society through his famous position on policing to the diverse needs of the modern society. Sir Robert Peel was born last February 5, 1788 at the place called the Chamber Hall near Bury in Lancashire (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). He served twice as a Prime Minister in his country England and had parliamentary career until he died in the year 1850 (Bloy, 2008, p. 1). The family of Sir Robert Peel entered weaving and farming as livelihood in his early years and later moved into textile manufacture business that made them wealthy. There are nine (9) pointers for the position of Sir Robert Peel in policing that made his ideas last until this time. First, the primary mission of the police is the prevention of crime and disorder. There is no other purpose for the establishment of the police in the society but to prevent crimes. Second, police ability to perform their duties depends upon the approval...
Words: 1378 - Pages: 6
...Sir Robert Peel Paper September 26, 2011 The impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing and its history The English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government's social and economic policies and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) Sir Robert Peel was in the great tradition of 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, and fiscal and economic policies. By making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, Peel also made an important contribution to shaping the philosophy of the modern Conservative party. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) As chief secretary for 6 years, until 1818, Peel established a reputation for a happy mixture of firmness and compassion. Among other reforms, Peel pioneered in the establishment of a permanent Irish police force and laid the foundations for famine relief. (Gale, 2004, pg.181) In 1821 Peel was recalled to high office as home secretary in Lord Liverpool's government. (Gale, 2004, pg.182) He remained in that...
Words: 1254 - Pages: 6
...organized posse pursued him or her. The posse was led by a shire reeve (county leader) or by a mounted officer (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The words sheriff and constable originated from these early terms. Early policing relied on bailiffs or watchmen. Bailiffs were in charge of looking for suspicious activities. Bailiffs also handle any issues, which created both a night watch and day ward. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the first modern police agency in London called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Sir Robert Peel created the London police force because he wanted to provide citizens with real policing. He believed that prevention of crime could be possible without intruding into the lives of the citizens. The Metropolitan Act of 1829 had one thousand handpicked men, dressed in blue tailcoats and top hats. The uniform was selected to look more like ordinary citizens rather than, soldiers with helmets. The members of the Metropolitan police were called “bobbies” after Sir Robert Peel. Sir Peel had two specific principles: confidence that it was possible to discourage crime, and the practice of preventive patrol....
Words: 396 - Pages: 2
...and traditions based on the Sir Robert Peel’s British police. There is plenty of history in the American police and the evolution of the system, but first we must know how even the British Police came about. The Anglo-Saxons is where policing started. It was the people who were doing these jobs. The People in the area were given names or titles like tythings, or group of ten and they were responsible for policing their community. There was ten tythings in a hundred-man group who would fall under the Shire-reeve, or Sheriff of the land area or county. with a tything-man as representative of each; and into larger groups, each of ten tythings, under a “hundred-man” who was responsible to the Shire-reeve, or Sheriff, of the County. As time went on the tything man became the Constable, or Come-stable, and the Sheriff would be the Justice of Peace. The constables would have paid able men to walk the streets and keep the area safe. These men would be called the Watch. In the eighteenth century times changed and this system began to fail. After many years and studies of the accomplishments and fails of the system, Sir Robert Peel pushed for police department to be formed. In 1829 the Metropolitan Police Act was agreed and the Metropolitan Police was recognized. The complete formation and unity came in 1839 when the Bow Street runners, constables, and sheriffs all were engaged in policing together. Still to this day the foundation of policing by Robert Peel is in London and in most departments...
Words: 2473 - Pages: 10
...History of police William Mosley University of Phoenix The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of police specifically in America. It also seeks to discuss how Sir Robert Peel changed American policing as well as analyzing the relationship between American government and the policing organizations found in America. The history of police assists us to understand the origin of the policies we have today. The practices of police have over the years continued to change. There are four stages in the study of the history of police in America that are categorized according to the time the changes took place. These stages include the political era, professional era, the police crisis of 1960s and the new development stages. In the 1800’s police officers patrolled on foot to maintain security. They did not have police vehicles and did not carry any weapons. They also had challenges in communication as they did not have the police radios to receive and dispatch information. They were also not trained and did not have a police station. All they had was a police cap and budge. It was not until the 19th century that weapons started been used. The officers lacked job security as they could be hired and fired anytime without notice. The pay was not the same as police officers in the city earned better pay than those in the factories. Many officers were given the jobs by local politicians who were wealthy as a reward for serving them. In the professional...
Words: 924 - Pages: 4
...Community Policing to Prevent Crime In 1829, Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police and according to Peel, the real key for policing is the police are the people and the people are the police. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplished without intruding into the lives of citizens. Community policing is based on Peel's concept of prevention. Community policing has been embraced by many law enforcement organizations across our country. Community policing is based on its goal to prevent crime and promote better police-community partnerships. Community policing requires an investment in training with special attention to problem analysis and problem solving, facilitation, community organization; communication, mediation and conflict resolution, resource identification and use, networking and linkages, and cross-cultural competency. Public approval and cooperation is a basis of Sir Robert Peel’s principles of effective policing. Peel stated that the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. In our diverse society, it is necessary for police to understand the different cultures that make up the communities that they patrol. This can be accomplished through multi-cultural training and education. If police can relate to and understand...
Words: 1628 - Pages: 7
...were comprised of volunteers, these groups were often irresponsible and remiss in their duties. “Policing in England and Colonial America was largely ineffective, as it was based on a volunteer system and their method of patrol was both disorganized and sporadic.5 Night watch groups in Colonial America, as well as day watch groups that were added at a later time, were largely ineffective; instead of controlling crime in their community, some members of the watch groups would sleep and/or socialize while they were on duty.11 (Sagepub, 2014):” During the late 1700’s and early 1800s, formal police departments were beginning to form (Sagepub, 2014). These were the first organized publically funded efforts to control crime. “In 1829, Sir Robert Peel (Home Secretary of England) would introduce the Bill for Improving the Police in and Near the Metropolis (Metropolitan Police Act) to Parliament (Sagepub, 2014)”. This bill would become law and would establish the London...
Words: 907 - Pages: 4
...social forces have shaped the social institution of policing. The American police have their roots set firmly in England (Gaines & Miller, 2011, p. 149). During the mid-1700s to the early 1800s in London, England crime was indigenous to city life. The only sort of crime order they had was the military which was not well received with either parties. The citizens did not take kindly to being disciplined by the very soldiers whose salaries they were paying and the soldiers were likewise conflicted and about using force against their fellow citizens (Gaines & Miller, 2011, p. 149). Since the police had been found inadequate and the military alternative was not working out either, it was then in 1829 when the politician Sir Robert Peel established the Metropolitan Police Act (The Metropolitan Police Act, N.p, n.d.). The basic principles of the Metropolitan Police Act are as stated: 1. The police force must be organized along military lines. 2. Police administrators and officers must be under government control. 3. Emphasis must be placed on hiring qualified persons and training properly. 4. New police officers must complete a probationary period; if they fail to meet standards during this time, they will not be hired as permanent officers. 5. Police personnel should be assigned to specific areas of the city for a specific time period. 6. Police headquarters must be...
Words: 1431 - Pages: 6
