...Mental Rotation: The Effect of Orientation towards the Reaction Time in Determining the Version of Letter UNIMKL- 012480 University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Abstract This study is the replication of Cooper and Shepard’s (1973) study on mental rotation. This experiment is mainly designed to investigate a) the relationship between the angles of rotation of the alphabetical characters and the reaction time to determine whether the letter presented is normal or reversed position and b) whether the mean of the correlation coefficient is significantly greater than zero. A group of fifty- five first year undergraduate students who are studying Psychology course were recruited in the within- subjects experiment. In this experiment, the participants were showed the alphabetical characters (capital letter G and R) in both normal and reversed position in which oriented at different angles of rotation, the participants were required to determine whether the letter presented was in normal or reversed version as accurate and quickly as they can. The results obtains showed that the reaction time increases as the angle of rotation larger and the mean of the correlation coefficient was significantly greater than zero. Thus, this study suggesting that the orientation does affect the reaction time and correlate each other. Keywords: mental rotation, mental imagery, orientation, correlation coefficient, alphabetical characters, normal, reversed The Effect of Orientation towards the...
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...Lab Investigation Purpose: This lab will verify how the centripetal force on a rotating body is affected by the following variables: frequency, speed, mass, and radius of a rotating object. Available Materials: ● 2 rubber stoppers ● 28 steel washers ● reinforced ceramic tube ● 1.5 m of thread or string ● metre stick ● stop watch [pic] Lab Procedure: Remember that a proper scientific method requires identifying the following for each case of the investigation: → Independent Variable → Dependent Variable → Controlled Variables PART A - Centripetal Force vs Frequency 1. Set up apparatus as illustrated above. Measure 1.0 meter of string from the rubber stopper to the tube (held vertically) using the metre stick. Attach a piece of tape on the string about 1 cm below the bottom of the tube (see diagram pg. 152). This will act as a reference mark. 2. Place 12 washers on the end of the string (using the paper clip). 3. While holding the bottom stack of washers, whirl the rubber stopper in a horizontal circle above your head. Carefully adjust the speed of rotation until you feel very little tension on the string suspending the washers. Let go of the stack of washers and maintain the rotation rate so that the reference tape on the string remains stationary about 1 cm below the tube. Have a lab partner determine the time for 20 complete rotations. 4. Set...
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...Clinicals are an opportunity for students to be involved in hands-on experiences that are taught in the classroom. One of the important aspects of nursing is teamwork. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses define teamwork as “functioning effectively within nursing and inter-professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve quality patient care” (Anunciado, 2014, p.140). Two examples of teamwork were showcased during my rotation in the heart catheterization laboratory and as a team leader on the Neurosurgery/Neurology floor. In the catheterization lab the healthcare team involved in each procedure included the doctor, registered nurse first assistant or technician, the circulating nurse, and the monitor. Those not involved with the procedure remained in the observation area with the monitor. Even though these staff members were not actively working on the patient they still observed and informed the monitor of things he/she missed. On that day the schedule contained five patients, the nurses and technicians rotated positions for each procedure while staying within their scope of practice. This allowed for each person a chance to have a break during different times of the day and relief from possible burn out in their position. Members of the team also stated that rotating positions in this area allowed for everyone to learn more about the procedures and decrease the occurrence of being short staffed at any given...
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...Ralph was a proud man and a good student. He needed someone to understand why he was having a difficult time concentrating, and why his answers didn't always match their questions. Ralph needed someone to help him back up rather than keep him down, but that someone was nowhere to be found on Med-A. In comparison to Frankie Moore, Ralph's problems were minimal. After the first few days on the rotation, we learned Frankie had missed six months during his third year because of a nervous breakdown. Frankie spent a considerable amount of that time in an inpatient facility in the southern part of the state, after which he started outpatient psychotherapy at Keystone before returning to his third-year rotations. Frankie still required hefty doses of major tranquilizers, but his psychiatrist felt he was ready to return to the battlefield. I could only assume our team leaders were either unaware of Frankie's condition or unsympathetic to it because they seemed to go out of their way to make things tough for him. Frankie could do no right by Andy or Marc, and the harder Frankie tried to please them, the more miserably he failed. There was no question Frankie was insecure, and that insecurity seemed to bring out the killer instinct in other insecure...
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...Static Equilibrium PRE LAB QUESTIONS What conditions must be satisfied for a rigid object to be in total equilibrium? 2) Why is the advantage of having a doorknob located farthest away from the hinges? Explain 3) Show that the SI unit for torque and energy are the same. Can we then say that torque is energy? Explain. 4) If you see a rigid object rotating, does this mean that there must be a net torque acting on it? Explain. 5) Can an object be in equilibrium if it is in motion? Explain OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment is to study the conditions that must be satisfied for a rigid object to be in total equilibrium. This is done by computing the total torque acting on a meter stick by means of weights suspended at specific locations on the ruler. MATERIALS Meter stick Support stand Knife edge clamp Weight hangers Slotted weights Unknown weight Triple beam balance [pic] INTRODUCTION The torque τ exerted by a force F on a rigid object able to rotate about an axis is given as τ = F d where d is the lever or moment arm of F about axis. It is equal to the perpendicular distance from axis to F. Torque is a vector quantity that is perpendicular to the plane made by F and d. For rigid bodies in equilibrium, they should not have neither linear nor angular acceleration. This means that two conditions must be satisfied simultaneously; the total force acting on the object is zero and the total torque should...
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...a Angular variables Torque, Moment of Inertia, I Angular velocity, Angular Momentum, L Angular acceleration, N.B. The analogy needs to be treated with caution. I is not a constant property of the body, as is mass, since its value depends on the axis around which it is measured. Thus Newton=s Law, F = d p d (m v ) = = m a , becomes: dt dt = dL d (I ) = =I dt dt . In words, the angular acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the torque applied to it and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the body about the relevant axis. THE FLYWHEEL -18The moment of inertia, I, is determined by imagining that the body is divided into a number of infinitesimal elements of mass mi each at a distance ri from the axis of rotation. The moment of inertia I about this axis is given by the sum of all the products ( mi ri2 ) calculated for each element, I = i ( mi ri2 ) . If the body has a simple geometrical figure, e.g. a sphere, cylinder, etc., I can be readily calculated and results are tabulated for such bodies in the CRC Handbook (available in the...
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...set leader. Orpheus is committed to excellence and it is a leadership by committee organization. This atmosphere enhances creativity amongst its members but not in a chaotic fashion. This is because they are all committed to the mission of bring fine music to their constituencies. A company like Kraft and others can observe and figure out a way to structure parts of their organizations in order to create the same atmosphere of accountability, teamwork and shared leadership. This would flatten the organization and create a more entrepreneurial spirit in an otherwise traditional organization. Orpheus rotates the concertmaster position among core-group members. What is the logic of rotating the leader? The rationale behind the rotation is that everyone in the group is heard and as they stated, it alleviates some of the pressure of people getting their way all the time. By rotating the core-group members, there is no power base or cliché that is formed that could potentially dominate the course and direction of the group. It also enables different members of the group the opportunity to develop their leadership skills. It is imperative that all of the group members be equipped with that skill because they are all leaders and they represent the group as a whole. Also, by rotating the leaders, each person understands the importance of staying on task and not being bogged down by a particular discussion or decision. So when it is your turn to moderate the group and you instruct...
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...Illustrating How Mechanical Assemblies Work Niloy J. Mitra1,2 1 Yong-Liang Yang1 3 Dong-Ming Yan1,3 4 Wilmot Li4 5 Maneesh Agrawala5 Univ. of California, Berkeley KAUST 2 IIT Delhi Univ. of Hong Kong Adobe Systems (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) motion analysis driver annotated illustration causal chain Figure 1: Given a geometric model of a mechanical assembly, we analyze it to infer how the individual parts move and interact with each other. The relations and motion parameters are encoded as a time-varying interaction graph. Once the driver is indicated by the user, we compute the motion of the assembly and use it to generate an annotated illustration to depict how the assembly works. We also produce a corresponding causal chain sequence to help the viewer better mentally animate the motion. Abstract How things work visualizations use a variety of visual techniques to depict the operation of complex mechanical assemblies. We present an automated approach for generating such visualizations. Starting with a 3D CAD model of an assembly, we first infer the motions of individual parts and the interactions between parts based on their geometry and a few user specified constraints. We then use this information to generate visualizations that incorporate motion arrows, frame sequences and animation to convey the causal chain of motions and mechanical interactions between parts. We present results for a wide variety of assemblies. Keywords: mechanical assembly, motion depiction...
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...mice rotate, somehow setting up a flow in the surrounding fluid that defines the left–right axis. A team led by Nobutaka Hirokawa of the University of Tokyo supplies another piece of the puzzle by showing exactly how the cilia’s movement sets up the directional flow. The researchers found that the cilia rotate around an axis tilted 40 backwards. The same rotation was observed in rabbit and medakafish embryos, suggesting that the mechanism, previously studied only in mice, defines asymmetry in other vertebrates. Paraphrasing of Research Highlight: When studying developmental biology researchers found that embryos start as a uniform ball of cells, however, they were questioning why do these embryos end up asymmetric. Research experiments were done on mice, researchers found that the cilia on the embryos on mice rotate and this rotation controls the flow of the surrounding fluid explaining the left-right axis. Further research was done and the experiments showed that the rotation of the cilia on the embryo is rotated 40 degrees backward on an axis. Experiments were also made in rabbits and medakafish embryos and the rotation in the cilia was observed. These results explain asymmetry in the other vertebrates. Cited References Ban k, Cooper AJ, Samuel S, Bhatti A, Patel M, Izumo S, Penninger JM, Backx PH, Oudit JY, Tsushima RG. 2008. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase γ is a Critical Mediator of Myocardial Ischemic and Adenosine-Mediated Preconditioning. Integr Physiol. 103:...
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...for grinding wheat or grains, with speed difference and relative rotation of the roller. When the material through a certain distance between the two rollers, the endosperm scraping from wheat skin, and ground into flour. The flour mill noise arising therefrom. In the quality of survival in the market competition, it is very important to reduce the noise. If the design of the flour mill body structure is unreasonable and the processing precision is not high, it will produce noise. When the two parallel rollers rotate in opposite directions, the rolling distance of general milling system is 0.1~0.8mm, the heart grinding system is 0.01~0.05mm. When the radial pulsation is relatively large, then the operation will not stable. Two grinding rollers are not flat, and grinding operation is not stable thus produce noise. The grinding roller is made up of both ends of the roll body is pressed into the shaft machining, the outer layer is chilled alloy cast iron with high hardness, the inner layer is gray. Roller body is longer, the two ends of the hole processing and the middle is not processed, due to the machining error of the roller and the material of the roller body is not uniform, the grinding roller is not balanced and the vibration is generated. The accuracy of the roller bearing is not high, and the design of the parts and the structure of the bearing is unreasonable, all these reason will cause bearing rotation accuracy is not high, short lived and noise increased. More information...
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...strange realization to see that walking foot over foot on a tightrope takes balance in any scenario. The ability to walk on a tightrope however does revolve physics and its properties. Angular rotation, (w=L/I), angular momentum, (L=IW), and moment of inertia,(I=mr^2), are three major physical categories and characteristics that play a part in a tightrope walker’s ability to stay on the rope and not fall to his potential demise. But how does a tightrope walker increase his chances of staying on the rope? Often times one can see a tightrope walker carrying a large pole, a pole with heavy weights on the end, bending his knees, or extending their hands outward. All of these actions help to increase the ropewalker’s chances of success. Picture the rope as the axis. When a tightrope walker embarks on his journey, he must stay constantly positioned over that axis to maintain balance. Carrying a pole horizontally helps to distribute the ropewalker’s mass laterally in a direction away from the axis, or rope. Having a pole in hand helps to increase stability because the ends of the pole are constantly being acted upon by a variety of forces that are trying to change their position in the air with every step. The heavier the pole the more force will be needed to alter the poles position and begin rotation around the rope. Heavy weights can sometimes be placed on the end of the pole increasing stability. More force will be needed to move the heavier pole. The weights essentially amplify the pole’s...
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...National Aeronautics and Space Administration Educational Product Educators Grades 5–12 & Students EB-2001-12-019-JPL Educational Brief C A S S I N I S C I E N C E I N V E S T I G A T I O N The Spinning World of Spacecraft Reaction Wheels Objective To demonstrate how reaction wheels (also known as momentum wheels) take advantage of Newton’s Third Law to control a spacecraft’s orientation. Time Required: 1 hour Saturn System Analogy: Cassini’s Reaction Wheel Assembly and its use during orbital operations at Saturn Keywords: Gyroscope, Interplanetary, Momentum, Orientation, Reaction M AT E R I A L S • D-cell battery. This will provide half of a 3-volt motor’s rated performance, which is just about right. • About 6 feet of thin wire pair, 28 gauge or so (available at electronics parts stores and hardware stores that carry a wide ranges of wire gauges). Use stranded rather than solid-conductor wire to provide flexibility. The thinner, longer, and more flexible, the better. • Optional: a switch or pushbutton, with a normally open circuit (available from electronics parts stores for a few dollars). If the switch is not used, the motor is controlled by touching the wire to the battery terminal. • Optional: a potentiometer (available from electronics parts stores) or other means to vary the voltage supplied to the motor • Cassini spacecraft paper model (available through the Cassini web site at http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/ cassini/english/teachers/classroom.shtml/);...
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...Slipping TA: Dana Baylis Alyssa Lucero Group Members: Leslie, Sean, Gustavo, Eric Introduction In this lab, the effects of an object rolling down a ramp without slipping were studied and the role of friction on an objects velocity was witnessed. This was accomplished by rolling three objects, a hoop, a sphere, and a disk down a ramp while taking measurements with a Pasco motion sensor and special data acquisition software. Methods The length and change in height of the ramp were measured with a meter stick and used with basic trigonometry to determine ϴ, the ramps angle. Then the motion sensor was adjusted and set to wide beam mode with a pulse rate of 50 Hz. Next, a box was placed at the bottom of the ramp to stop the object. Three objects were then rolled down the ramp, a sphere (billiard ball), a hoop, and a disk, and measurement were taken for each of them. Analysis and Conclusion The obtained measurements were used to calculate acm, and were used for further analysis; these values can be seen in Table 1, below. Table 1. Data Obtained for Each Object Object | ti (s) | tf (s) | vf (m/s) | xi (m) | xf (m) | a (m/s2) | Sphere | 0.6948 | 1.4823 | 1.11 | 0.241 | 0.8335 | 0.966 | Hoop | 0.855 | 2.1665 | 1.36 | 0.117 | 0.993 | 0.674 | Disk | 0.5937 | 1.7245 | 1.38 | 0.123 | 1.0215 | 0.887 | Using the values obtained for a and Equation 1 from the lab manual, k was calculated for each object and then compared to the given k values for each to determine the percentage...
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...TORSION Consider a bar to be rigidly attached at one end and twisted at the other end by a torque or twisting moment T equivalent to F × d, which is applied perpendicular to the axis of the bar, as shown in the figure. Such a bar is said to be in torsion. TORSIONAL SHEARING STRESS, τ For a solid or hollow circular shaft subject to a twisting moment T, the torsional shearing stress τ at a distance ρ from the center of the shaft is and where J is the polar moment of inertia of the section and r is the outer radius. For solid cylindrical shaft: For hollow cylindrical shaft: ANGLE OF TWIST The angle θ through which the bar length L will twist is where T is the torque in N·mm, L is the length of shaft in mm, G is shear modulus in MPa, J is the polar moment of inertia in mm4, D and d are diameter in mm, and r is the radius in mm. POWER TRANSMITTED BY THE SHAFT A shaft rotating with a constant angular velocity ω (in radians per second) is being acted by a twisting moment T. The power transmitted by the shaft is where T is the torque in N·m, f is the number of revolutions per second, and P is the power in watts. Problem 307 A solid steel shaft 5 m long is stressed at 80 MPa when twisted through 4°. Using G = 83 GPa, compute the shaft diameter. What power can be transmitted by the shaft at 20 Hz? Solution 307 answer answer Problem 308 A 2-in-diameter steel shaft rotates at 240 rpm. If...
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...Reaction Paper on the Core The Core is a film that is about the sudden stop of the Earth’s core that causes many sudden happenings like the birds suddenly start flying in all directions like they were blind and were going mad but because of that the geophysicists agree to drill down to the core and restart the rotation before all humans in the world would die. The scenarios are likely the scenarios in end of the world movies but in this movie the thing that make it the end of the world is the cores rotating that is stopped due to the government. As the geophysicists go down the Earth’s core using a laser that causes the ground to have an opening which they went through using a vehicle that could withstand the heat in the core. The special effect were truly amazing and like it is truly happening and as they went down the core and since I don’t know the real picture of core in this movie it gave me an idea of what the core really is. The sounds are good and the actor’s performance was good also. The wild behavior of the birds in London is caused because birds rely on the Earth’s magnetic poles to guide them in migration and in flight. Because of the core, the magnetic poles of the Earth is distorted or has disappeared making thousands of birds flying all-around without following any directions. And so, suddenly each one of them starts crashing towards statues, buildings, vehicles and other else. The ending wasn’t that exciting because it is like that they just bomb...
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