...and get rid of the group that is trying to harm them. An example of this would be the Rwandan RTLM radio Propaganda. The RTLM radio station was the route to all the genocide that was committed by the Hutu against the Tutsi. RTLM is the propaganda that caused the genocide. For instances, RTLM stated in their transcripts or broadcast that "you have to kill the Tutsis, they're cockroaches." "All those who are listening, rise so we can fight for our Rwanda. Fight with the weapons you have at your disposal: those who have arrows, with arrows, those who have spears, with spears. We must all fight. “We must all fight the Tutsis. We must finish with them, exterminate them, sweep them from the whole country. There must be no refuge for them. ‘They must be exterminated. There is no other way." As you can see clearly examine from this quote RTLM clearly had hatred towards the Tutsi. In order articles, I have read they called the Tutsi cockroaches and just like any pest needs to be eliminated. However, from reading several articles such as "Rwanda: The ‘Hate Radio' RTLM goes on the scene", "Hate radio" and Hotel Rwanda. There were no clear evident for why RTLM told the Hutu to retaliate. They thought that the Tutsi shot down their presidents plane but had no factual evident. To add in the article "Rwanda: The Hutu Radio RTLM goes on the scene" the author Joshua Massarenti stated that RTLM should be a hate radio and they created...
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...as the history of Rwanda, the environmental, cultural, political and the role of the media and how they contributed to the mass killings of the Rwandan population. Raphael Lemkin has defined genocide as the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group. Moreover the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide has stated that acts such as intent to destroy in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group all account for genocidal acts. In 1994 Rwanda witnessed the unleashing of the genocide of the Tutsi by the ruling Hutu led government. It had been stated that Rwanda erupted into one of the most appalling cases of mass murder the world has witnessed since the Second World War. From 1894 until the end of World War 1, Rwanda was part of German East Africa. An estimation of half a million people was killed. The killings in Rwanda fell into three categories; combatants killing combatants, Hutu citizens, parliamentary and military forces killing Hutu citizens because the victims were either moderate or were willing to live and work with Tutsi and the Hutu killing Tutsi because they were Tutsi. The population of Rwanda is made up of three ethnic groups. One percent of the population are Twa (pigmy hunters), fourteen percent are Tutsi (Ethiopian pastoralists) and eighty five percent are Hutu (Bantu farmers). The Belgians and Germans arrived in Rwanda in the 1900’s and wanted to control and rule Rwanda. The Belgian colonisers...
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...In April to July of 1994, a populous ethnic group called the Hutu slaughtered at least 800,000 people in Rwanda, Africa. Rwanda was split into three ethnic groups: The Twa, the Hutu, and the Tutsi. Majority of the people of Rwanda were Hutu, and the minority were the Tutsi. Although the Tutsi were the minority, the overall rule of the Kingdom of Rwanda were Tutsi. When Belgium received control over Rwanda, they invented an identification system to the people. The people of Rwanda were each required to have an identification card telling whether they were Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa. The Hutu were put in major positions. Elections were held for some positions, and since the Hutu were the majority they were chosen often. Even though the Tutsi were...
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...A Summary of the Rwandan Genocide Rwanda: A Brief History of the Country Rwanda’s population of more than 7 million people is divided into three ethnic groups: the Hutu (who made up roughly 85% of the population), the Tutsi (14%) and the Twa (1%). Prior to the colonial era, Tutsis generally occupied the higher strata in the social system and the Hutus the lower. However, social mobility was possible, a Hutu who acquired a large number of cattle or other wealth could be assimilated into the Tutsi group and impoverished Tutsi would be regarded as Hutu. A clan system also functioned, with the Tutsi clan known as the Nyinginya being the most powerful. Throughout the 1800s, the Nyingiya expanded their influence by conquest and by offering protection in return for tribute. Ethnic Conflict Begins The former colonial power, Germany, lost possession of Rwanda during the First World War and the territory was then placed under Belgian administration. In the late 1950’s during the great wave of decolonization, tensions increased in Rwanda. The Hutu political movement, which stood to gain from majority rule, was gaining momentum while segments of the Tutsi establishment resisted democratization and the loss of their acquired privileges. In November 1959, a violent incident sparked a Hutu uprising in which hundreds of Tutsi were killed and thousands displaced and forced to flee to neighboring countries. This marked the start of the so- called ‘Hutu Peasant Revolution’ or ‘social revolution’...
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...This literature review covers the utter failure in preventing and stopping the atrocity of the genocide in Rwanda. The review is centred on analysing the different types of decision making processes and the models of decision making adopted by the leader, General Romeo Dallaire and the UN and its member states. It highlights the challenges Dallaire had faced in maintaining a peace process and the inaction of the UN to prevent the genocide. It will focus on the types of decision making processes; sporadic decision, fluid decision and constricted decision. In addition the models of decision making; rational, bureaucratic, garbage can and political will be discussed. The review will also look into the geo-political relations. Dallaire’s assessment was to make a decision whether the UN should commit in sending a full-fledged peacekeeping force to Rwanda. Dallaire required a long period of time to come out with his decision as it required him to do a fact finding mission. Cray, David ; Mallory, Geoffrey R. ; Butler, Richard J. ; Hickson, David J. ; Wilson, David C. (1998) indicated that there is a certain latitude in the way that the decision is made and this leads to these decisions taking more time. Rational decision was made where he had to consider the situation with careful evaluation. This decision was then sent to the UN to make final decision. It was a bureaucratic decision as final decision was to be made at the top level. However, Dallaire knew that the UN would not send...
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...Rivalry between Hutu and Tutsi A. Background of Hutu and Tutsi B. Effect of the West in Rwanda 3. The Massacre A. The mass killings B. The Perpetrators C. Women and Children in the genocide 4. The Aftermath A. Tutsi Government B. Economic Recovery C. Physical and Psychological effects 5. Conclusion A. Personal Opinion B. Recommendations Introduction The genocide concept comprised two words, genos, a Greek word meaning tribe or race and cide a Latin word meaning killing of pointed out by Polish Jurist Raphael Lemkin. According to the definition agreed upon on the United Nations Genocide Convention, the term means “Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious groups, as such: Killing members of the group; Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group” (Hinton 3). The Rwandan genocide involved group killings and physically harming individuals in a specified ethnic community. It is the worst occurrence in the modern history. Rwanda, a colony of Belgium is approximately a third of its size. Rwanda acquired independence in nineteen sixty two. The 1994 Rwandan massacre which happened in a span of a hundred days...
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...The Role of the 1990-1993 Civil War as a Precursor to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide Nora Aly Student #10025622 Poli470 Words: 3,451 Introduction: Background of Rwanda Ethnic distinctions and fragmentations, whether actual or perceived have proved to be the causes of several genocides throughout history; in the case of the Rwandan genocide, this was no exception. The Twa, the Hutu and the Tutsi were and continue to be the groups of people constituting Rwanda (Pearn J, 203). Tensions and conflicts with groups in Rwandan society, primarily with the Hutus and the Tutsis eventually led to the immensely destructive 1994 genocide of the Tutsi people as well as Hutu people perceived to be Tutsi sympathizers and supporters. The 1994 Rwandan Genocide, executed mainly by Hutu powers, resulted in approximately 10,000 deaths for 100 days which is the highest rate of killing seen throughout any known act in history (Cohen, J). Within the time period of the communal existence of the Hutus and the Tutsis, political struggle, rivalry, colonization, and civil war were all factors that assisted in leading to the tension that finally erupted into a brutal act of genocidal violence against all Tutsi people. Close examination and analysis of the civil war which occurred during 1990-1993 between the Hutus and the Tutsis, will be elaborated extensively to assist in accounting for the eruption of the genocide. Through a close, detailed analysis of the political, ethnic and socio-economic factors that...
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...ARNAUD NDIZIHIWE Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Soldiers, Communities, Societies From War Participation MARCH 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT PROLOGUE PART I POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Part II: IMPACT ON THE INDIVIDUAL Part III: IMPACT ON FAMILY Part IV: IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY PART V: OVERCOMING POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PART VI: DISCUSSION BIBLIOGRAPHY Post-Traumatic stress Disorders on Soldiers, Communities, Societies from War Participation Prologue A few years back when I was in Rwanda, it was no longer surprising to a attend a memorial ceremony and each time, all of a sudden, some women would start screaming:"They are coming for me!" as if they were being chased to death or men losing control and start shouting at another group of people:"You murderers!". We were used to this phenomenon but a newcomer would certainly creep out. For me, their reaction is perfectly understandable and tough I view it from my country's perspective and experience, post traumatic stress disorder is a global sociological and psychological issue that needs to be addressed. Conflicts inciting violence are still going on, some have ended but a large number of war survivors and victims are still haunted by the memories, they have experienced the worst situations humanly possible and if the issue is not addressed properly, trauma can be perpetual...
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...Although District 9 is a fictional movie, many aspects of the movie relates to real life situations. Everyday, countries must handle situations in which the state must decipher a way to handle desperate refugees that come to seek a better life. In District 9 however, Aliens are found in a spaceship that hovered above Johannesberg for 20 years. Inside this spaceship, malnourished, ill, and suffering Aliens were found and eventually moved to a placement camp by a large corporation called Multi-National United (MNU). District 9 later turns into a disastrous slum. The main character, Wikus Van Der Merwe, who is also the field operative of MNU, experiences an incident where his DNA merged with the Aliens. As a result, Wikus begins to empathize with the Aliens. If analyzed metaphorically, one can find the similarities of this movie with the real world. In Canada on the year of 2010, 492 Tamil immigrants from Srilanka were smuggled across the ocean for three straight months and were brought to British Columbia. According to Stewart Bell, a news reporter from National Post (2013): “Passengers said food and water was scarce and crewmembers committed “abuse of power” by withholding provisions as punishment. The report did not explain why some passengers were punished. Even those so dehydrated they could not pass urine were denied water, it said. One man died during the crossing and several were hospitalized upon arrival in B.C. Almost three years later, many have little to show for the...
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