...Grant Channel (AGCH). At this point the mobile is listening to the AGCH for a reply. Note: The RR CHANNEL REQUEST is sent on a Random Access Channel (RACH). This is a slotted aloha channel that can be used at random, without any coordination between the mobiles. Any mobile can transmit on this channel whenever it wishes. If two mobiles transmit on the channel at the same time, their messages will be lost in a collision. The mobiles will detect the collision via a timeout and retransmit the message after a random back off. allocate TCH RR IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT AGCH, Radio_Resource = (TCH, Frequency, Timeslot), Time Correction, Frequency Correction Apply the time and frequency corrections Tune to the frequency and timeslot RR SABM...
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...Marolynn S. Rivera Address: #9 DPS Compound, Baguio City Mobile: +639157828570 Email: marolynnrivera@yahoo.com OBJECTIVE | To obtain a position in the field of Tourism Industry that would fit my field of expertise, can enhance my skills and knowledge, would meet the requirements needed by the company and contribute to the establishment and also to complete my 420 hours of on the job training in partial fulfillment for my graduation. SPECIAL SKILLS AND PERSONAL TRAITS | * Good communication skills * Motivated and willing to work to enhance skills and knowledge * Ability to work long hours that include evenings, weekends and holidays * Perform computer operations * Provide effective customer service * Perform workplace and safety practices * Person with initiative and drive * The ability to work well within a team EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND | Tertiary: Saint Louis University (Bachelor of Science in Hospitality and Tourism Management Major in Travel Tours Management Bakakeng, Baguio City 2011- Present Secondary: Saint Louis School of Pacdal Pacdal Circle , Baguio Cit y 2007-2011 Primary: Quezon Elementary School ...
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...SABM - Financial Management Department Saint Louis University Baguio City FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 4C MONETARY POLICY AND CENTRAL BANKING Prepared by: Roma De Guzman COURSE DESCRIPTION This course involves lengthy discussions on the financial services industry, in particular, policies relating thereto, as enacted through laws by the congress and as circulated through memos and circulars by the Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Emphases are on banks, banking and financial regulations, and risks on financial intermediation. It also focuses on topics such as money creation, central banking, demand and supply for money and money reserves. COURSE ORGANIZATION This is a 3-unit lecture course where topics shall be presented by the instructor through various modes of teaching such as class discussion, class research and exercises, and class recitations. Quizzes shall be given per topic accordingly and exams will be conducted in accord with the university schedule. COURSE OBJECTIVES To further the student’s knowledge in the financial services industry. To equip the students with the proper skills, attitudes and values as espoused by the university to be applied in real life circumstances in line with the financial services industry. To provide students with opportunities to develop enough competence on basic banking and central banking, and demand-supply analysis for money on a macroeconomic level. COURSE TOPICS Prelims Central Banking Central...
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...X.25 Protocol A history of the X.25 Protocol Tim Elliott Morrisville State College Abstract X.25 is a Wide Area Network standard suite of protocols for packet switching developed by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector in the early 1970’s. It was designed to support traditional data networking over telephone wiring. Though widely used in the 1980’s, it has been largely replaced by newer IP standards such as frame relay. The purpose of this protocol is to effectively transmit data between different types of systems across a public data network. The main communication groups that ran this form of packet-switched network were the telephone companies but as technology has moved away from these slower forms, the public sector has seen this all but disappear in America. It should be said though that many places around the world still use this because of the cost to upgrade to newer hardware, but that market segment is shrinking quickly. A history of the X.25 Protocol In this paper, I will be talking about many of the technical aspects, the history and some of the situations where the X.25 protocol is still in use today. In Section 1, I will talk about where it fits on the OSI layered architecture and discuss the Network and Data Link layer. In Section 2, I will describe some of the common equipment that this protocol used with the Physical Layer of the OSI model. In Section 3 I will discuss some of the problems that have been...
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...International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 8– No.12, October 2010 Handover management in GSM cellular system Jahangir khan School of computer science PAF-KIET, Pakistan Air Force Base korangi Creek Karachi 75190 Pakistan ABSTRACT Handover mechanism is extremely important in cellular network because of the cellular architecture employed to maximize spectrum utilization. Handover is the procedure that transfers an ongoing call from one cell to another as the user’s moves through the coverage area of cellular system. One way to improve the cellular network performance is to use efficient handover prioritization schemes when user is switching between the cells. In this paper I have presented an analytical framework that can enhance considerably the handover call mechanism in wireless network. Some advance schemes namely, guard channels, call admission control and handover queuing are discussed. All these of prioritiztaions schemes have a common characteristic reducing the call dropping probability at the expense of increased call blocking probability. Efficnet prioritiztaion scheme accomadetes a number of new calls while guaranates the quality of sevice(QOS) of hanover call. This idea is based on the neighbouring cells have an ovelapping (the area served by more than one cell) coverage area. Furthermore cell overlap and load balancing scheme is proposed to enhance the GSM cellular capacity using an overlapping coverage area. Capacity enhancement is...
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...I. INTRODUCTION We often heard that graft and corruption was introduced to us by the Spaniards during the time of their colonization. In the History class, it was said that it is because of those governor generals that did nothing but to enrich their selves here in the Philippines. But if we just think out of the box, graft and corruption is not just something that we inherited before. We should not blame Spaniards because of it. Then, you may probably asked, who then should be blamed for it? As researchers, we are not saying that all of us should be blamed. But instead of blaming others, let us rather do something to eradicate this evil that causes misery to all of us. Graft is defined as one of the forms of political corruption. It is the unscrupulous use of the politician’s authority for personal gain. Most governmental systems have laws in place to prevent graft although this does not always halt political corruption. Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under colour of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse...
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...CLASS 1.1 Important concepts Entities – tax versus legal • Tax entities o People, partnerships, joint venture, companies … are considered to be entities for the purposes of calculating income tax. • Legal entities o Companies, which have separate legal personalities, are legal entities. Income flows • Income should be considered as a cash flow stream, where timing is important. • The question is, when the income recognised as earned or deducted (because tax delayed is tax denied)? CLASS 1.2 Patterns of taxation Income tax • Income tax is a progressive system. • Income tax is mainly a rich person’s tax once franking credits are taken into account to produce an “effective tax rate”. • Wealthy people pay less tax overall by reducing their tax burden through using the lower rate paid on capital gains and other tax minimisation schemes. • Total tax as a percentage of GDP is lower in Australia compared to many other countries across the world. However, these results must be considered in light of the high level of income (where it may not be as much of a burden to pay high taxes where there is high income) and quality of public goods provided in counties such as Sweden (which has the highest total tax rate as a percentage of GDP). Justifications for taxation Why do we need taxes? • Public goods argument: the government can provide some benefits to society better than anyone else. Examples include defence, and law and order. • Market failure...
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...CHAPTER II MARKETING STUDY INTRODUCTION Market is the most important part of any feasibility study; therefore, the researchers must have a valuable knowledge about the market. The researchers must know the factors that affect the market, demand and supply and service price. With these things in mind, the researchers came up with the idea of something to offer to the customers that guaranty a good service. The researchers must also consider offering a service that is new to the market in order to be competitive. In considering all those factors, the researchers finally thought of introducing G.B. Tambayan. In order to determine the demand of customers to the service that the researchers are going to offer, the researchers conducted a survey through questionnaires to prospective customers and indirect competitors. The results of the surveys that were conducted produced a positive result which gave the signal to pursue the study. SERVICE DESCRIPTION G.B Tambayan will be the first one-stop shop consisting of discussion room, mini-library, mini-canteen and Wi-Fi in a comfortable place where students can visit and do their brainstorming, school works, assignments and researches with an environment conducive for them in an atmosphere of peace, safe and wholesome place where students can develop their healthy and emotional growth and supportive environment for studying. The tambayan will give students a quality service that would assist them in their studies and have efficient...
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...Solutions to Chapter 5 1. Explain the difference between connectionless unacknowledged service and connectionless acknowledged service. How do the protocols that provide these services differ? Solution: In an acknowledged connectionless network, reliable delivery can be achieved through the use of ACK and NAK transmissions. Such protocols are suited for communication over networks in which higher layers are sensitive to loss and the underlying network is inherently unreliable with a significant probability of loss or error. Unacknowledged networks provide simpler and faster communication for networks that are inherently reliable or provide service to higher layers that can tolerate information loss. 2. Explain the difference between connection-oriented acknowledged service and connectionless acknowledged service. How do the protocols that provide these services differ? Solution: The use of acknowledgments can provide reliable transfer over networks that are prone to error and loss. In connection oriented networks, every packet in a data flow travels on the same path through the network and the proper ordering of packets is guaranteed. In such networks, if a packet arrives out of order, the receiver immediately knows that a packet has been lost. In a connectionless network, the service needs a mechanism for dealing with unordered delivery of information. This is especially important for real-time or delay-sensitive traffic, which may require immediate retransmission and may not...
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...Communication Networks Sharam Hekmat PragSoft Corporation www.pragsoft.com Contents Contents Preface 1. Introduction 1.1. Network Components 1.2. Network Types 1.3. The OSI Model 1.3.1. The Physical Layer 1.3.2. The Data Link Layer 1.3.3. The Network Layer 1.3.4. The Transport Layer 1.3.5. The Session Layer 1.3.6. The Presentation Layer 1.3.7. The Application Layer 1.4. Protocol Notations 1.4.1. Service Primitives 1.4.2. Sequence Diagrams 1.4.3. State Transition Diagrams 1.5. Standards 1.6. Further Reading 1.7. Summary 1.8. Exercises 2. The Physical Layer 2.1. Equipment 2.1.1. Equipment Types 2.1.2. Connection Types 2.2. Transmission 2.2.1. Signal Types 2.2.2. Modulation 2.2.3. Digitization 2.2.4. Synchronization 2.2.5. Transmission Media 2.3. Multiplexing 2.3.1. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) vi Communication Networks 6 10 1 2 2 4 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 Copyright © 2005 PragSoft 2.3.2. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 2.3.3. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 2.3.4. Concentration 2.4. Physical Layer Standards 2.4.1. RS-232 2.4.2. CCITT X.21 2.5. Further Reading 2.6. Summary 2.7. Exercises 3. The Data Link Layer 3.1 Link Protocol Types 3.1.1. Synchronous Protocols 3.1.2. Asynchronous Protocols 3.1.3. Master-Slave Protocols 3.1.4. Peer-to-Peer Protocols 3.2. Link Protocol Functions 3.2.1. Acknowledgments 3.2.2. Timers 3.2.3. Error Checking 3.2.4. Retransmission 3.2.5. Flow Control 3.3. Sliding Window...
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