...AGE SPECIFIC CARE NEONATE (1 – 28 days) Developmental Task = Trust versus Mistrust * Cuddle and hug (It promotes neural development and facilitates development of trust) * Risk-prevention * Position on the back for sleep, to prevent suffocation. * Initiate Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) preventive interventions. * Use extreme caution in administering medications and assess potential influence of maternal medications on the neonate. * Position properly during feeding and burp the neonate. * Touch gently over the anterior and posterior fontanels, which are still soft. * Assess body temperature and maintain constant environmental temperature. * Assess fluid balance. * Protect from stressors such as lights, noise, and excessive handling. * Recognize that the neonate’s behavior is largely reflex in nature. * Facilitate bonding with the parents, especially the mother. INFANT (29 days – 2 years) Developmental Task = Trust versus Mistrust * Mistrust may result in failure to thrive. * Give familiar objects for comfort. * Limit number of strangers present. * Promote bonding to parents. * Keep parents in infant’s line of vision. * Assess carefully and use mother or primary caregiver’s insights to interpret behavior. * Minimize stressors: strangers, loud noises, bright lights, and sudden environmental changes. * Risk-prevention * Prevent choking or other injury due to foreign objects...
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...Life Arts Project High Risk: Teens and risky sexual behavior Jamileth Powell College of New Rochelle Fall 2013 Children at Risk Evelyn Philippe The present topic is to explore the depths of high risk teenagers and risky sexual behavior. My inspiration for this project comes from my cousin personal experience with becoming pregnant of an early age young age due to her promiscuous behavior. My topic relates to the course content in terms of children at risk throughout my life arts project work I will provide an overview of research pertaining to adolescent's decision making, early sexual activity, and other risky behaviors, as well as describing the roles of parent and school on what they need in assisting teens in avoiding life altering decisions. The method that I will use is "How open are you" questionnaire that will pertain to my peers of which many are parents on how open are they in talking to their teens about sexual activity as well, as literature review. In my oral presentation, I will present my findings. The term risky behavior is almost always used in a sexual sense, implying behaviors and actions that increase the chance of contracting or transmitting disease, and the increase the chance of the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy. In today's society, sexual activity has become more prevalent amongst teenagers. This social issue has been argued by many, of the contributing factors that would cause teens to engage in sexual behaviors. The factors that contribute...
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...Valerie Coakley PS220-03: Child and Adolescent Psychology June 22, 2010 Unit 9 Final Project: Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the child's environment affects how a child grows and develops. He labeled different aspects or levels of the environment that influence children's development, including the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem (Bukatko, 2008). Bronfenbrenner’s theory stresses the need to understand how children develop in everyday life. The development issue I chose to discuss is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and how the surroundings and everyday life affects the development. There are different characteristics that accompany FAS in the different stages of a child's life. "At birth, infants with intrauterine exposure to alcohol frequently have low birth rate; pre-term delivery; a small head circumference; and the characteristic facial features of the eyes, nose, and mouth" (Phelps, 1995, p. 204). Some of the facial abnormalities that are common of children with FAS are: microcephaly, small eye openings, broad nasal bridge, flattened mid-faces, thin upper lip, skin folds at the corners of the eyes, indistinct groove on the upper lip, and an abnormal smallness of the lower jaw (Wekselman, Spiering, Hetteberg, Kenner, & Flandermeyer, 1995; Phelps, 1995). These infants also display developmental delays, psychomotor retardation...
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...Introduction Obesity in children is a major health issue affecting the Australian population with approximately 1 in 4 children being overweight or obese (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). It represents a major health and economic burden costing Australia around $58 billion in 2008 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). When assessing this issue from a public health perceptive, it is important to consider how obesity can affect the children in our society and the health complications obesity can lead to. The aim of this essay is to discuss the impact of obesity in children aged 6-17, in regards to its rising prevalence patterns, health risk behaviours and social determines. Health promotion and educational campaigns along...
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...Understanding Filipino Adolescents: Research Gaps and Challenges JOSEFINA V. CABIGON, PH.D.* ABSTRACT Maiksi subalit masalimuot ang panahon ng kabataan sa buhay ng tao. Ang suliranin ng pagsasaayos sa mga problemang kaakibat nito ay nangangailangan ng ganap na pag-unawa sa kabataang Pilipino ng kasalukuyang panahon. Nais ibahagi ng papel na ito ang pagtutukoy sa mga mahahalagang isyu na karaniwang di natugunan sa mga nauna nang pag-aaral. Ilan sa mga suliraning pampananalikssik ay binigyang pansin at inaasahang mapupunan ang mga puwang na patuloy pa ring naiiwan sa larangan. Ang mga kakulangang nais tugunan ay ang mga sumusunod na usapin: pagkakaisa sa pagpapakahulugan sa konsepto ng “kabataan” at sekswalidad; di-kumpletong datos ukol sa ugnayan ng bilang ng kabataan at bilang ng kabuuang populasyon; antas ng kamalayan ng mga stakeholders at kabataan mismo tungkol sa paglaki ng bilang ng huli; ang pangangailangan ng mga stakeholders ng napapanahon at bagong pagkaunawa tungkol sa antas, mga tagapagtakda, at kahihinatnan ng sekswalidad ng kabataan, pati ng kanilang fertility at reproductive health; at, ang kanilang kamalayan at pakikilahok sa mga gawaing panlipunan. Ilan sa mga rekomendasyon ay ang pagkakaroon ng pambansang sarbey sa mga bagong erya ng pag-aaaral kaakibat ang kwalitatibong pananaliksik, pananaliksik pampatakaran (policy research) at operations research. Ang artikulo ay isang pagtatangka sa paghahanap ng mga pamamaraan upang maimulat sa mga kabataan at sa...
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...primary and secondary school. It takes on many forms and shows an overlap in roles between 'bully' and 'victim'. Despite the serious emotional impacts of cyberbullying, over a quarter of victims did not seek support from others, which highlights the need for more information and support to be given to young people to encourage them to speak out." (Youth Studies Australia, Vol. 29, No. 2) Cyber Bullying leads to self esteem problems, children being aggressive or antisocial, or even suicide. It has...
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...paper I will discuss the factors involved to overcome generational poverty, the challenges the aged faced due to lack of employment, changes women face through different stages in life, and my perspective and approach towards different populations. The Effects of Poverty Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that affect the population in a multitude of ways. The four primary risk factors afflicting families living in poverty are emotional and social challenges, stressors, cognitive lags and health and safety issues. Graber...
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...passing differently than an elderly person. What differentiates the process are the skill sets that each individual has in their “toolbox”. I will be addressing these coping skills and developmental milestones in several grouped categories to show the differences and the similarities amongst the different age groups. Children 3-5 years old A child in this age category is focused primarily on his/herself. They have difficulty seeing the world from someone else’s point of view. This is called being egocentric. With this in mind, when faced with the death of someone close to them, they feel that they are the cause of the death. Emotions at this stage of development can vary from sadness, anger, anxiety and guilt. If the death was the result of a disaster or crisis, the child may feel abandoned and their participation in age-appropriate activities may be interrupted. Children 6-12 years old Children at this stage are learning basic skills and they are also in the process of attaching their cultural values to it. When faced with a death, the child in this age group may not want to leave home and in doing so, he/she hopes to reassure the safety of others in the family. The grief...
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...antipsychotic drugs used to treat school-aged children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The distribution of these ADHD medications have steadily increased over the years, which has, on one hand, presented a possible solution to the escalating diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and on the latter, brought into question the ethics and effectiveness of these medications. Health officials, parents, and the children themselves struggle to come to an agreement when deciding whether or not medication is the best solution. The Debate Over Medicating Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In the spring of 2004, Jacqueline A. Sparks, an associate professor of family therapy at the University of Rhode Island, and Barry L. Duncan, a cofounder of the Institute for the Study of Therapeutic Change, investigated the ethics and effectiveness behind the distribution of ADHD medications as a modern treatment method for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Even though, “appropriate identification and treatment of symptoms for psychiatric illnesses (such as ADHD) during childhood and adolescence is critical” (ScienceDaily). Sparks and Duncan note that, “ADHD is arguably the most controversial topic in recent mental health history. The ADHD diagnosis is not defined by a biological marker (Leo & Cohen, 33), but is rather subjective and not easily distinguished from the everyday behavior of children. Thus, the diagnosis lacks reliability...
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...Com/172 February 1, 2012 RHEA RIEGEL Using street drugs and alcohol, and also smoking during a pregnancy can cause developmental problems for a newborn baby such as Fetal alcohol syndrome “Exposure to alcohol in utero is considered to be a leading cause of developmental disabilities of known causation. The most severe consequence of such exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is characterized by a distinct constellation of facial anomalies, growth retardation, and central nervous system dysfunction.”(Paley & Connor, 2011, p.64-75)Three of the major effects on newborn babies that have been exposed to drug and or alcohol during pregnancy in the developmental areas of Cognitive, Psychological and the long term effect on school aged and adolescents. Although drugs and alcohol are often used in combination, cocaine is the drug of choice among the young, especially the poor and women of color. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimated that 4.5 million women of childbearing age used illicit drugs in 1991. Of all infants born, the percentage born to substance-abusing mothers is widely reported to be 11% nationwide [Chasnoff et al. 1990; CWLA 1992; Weston et al. 1989]. In some inner-city neighborhoods, it is estimated to be as high as 25% [Fink 1989]. All of these will effect and change the baby’s life from the moment they enter the world. There are many Cognitive developmental issues such as speech processing, low birth weight and mid line development...
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...Gayol June 30, 2014 San Diego County Community Health San Diego California shares a border with Mexico and has an estimated population of 3,211,252. It is a diverse and multicultural population comprised of 32.7% Hispanics, 47.6% Whites, 11.6% Asians, and 5.6% are Blacks (State & County QuickFacts, n.d.). San Diego has a long history with the US Military; it has six Bases and one US Coast Guard Station ("San Diego Military Bases," n.d.). San Diego is the second largest city in California, is rapidly growing, and is known for its temperate year-round climate and sandy beaches. It has many parks with open space, lakes and reservoirs, recreation activities, senior citizens services, and community safety services. San Diego also has multiple public services, excellent public schools, state of the art hospitals and clinics, and public transportation which include trains and trolleys (Community Services, n.d.). Sam Diegans can go to a museum, an opera, and attend an NFL game all in the same day. San Diego is an amazing place to live and has a lot to offer its citizens, but steps need to be taken to identify and evaluate disease in the community in order to promote optimal health and ensure the well-being of all San Diegans. Epidemiology is the study of disease in the community and then evaluating the reasons why the disease or condition happened. Evaluating the risks and safeguarding factors of a disease or condition helps identify the driving forces behind health abnormalities...
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...Adolescent Sexuality and Modern Media ENG 122 August 5, 2012 Adolescent Sexuality and Modern Media Adolescents are greatly influenced negatively by media of today, whether that is adult television, music, or the World Wide Web. Our society is consumed by some form of media today, which could be the overabundance of reality shows on TV or by the use of Facebook which is exposing the youth to sexual content and innuendos. With the freedom of speech engraved into the United States Constitution, to ask that the media be regulated is almost impossible. Parents need to be held more accountable for what their children are exposed to, and if they are involved in some form of media that could be questionable, parents should have free resources available to assist in explaining the consequences of the negative behavior. Does today’s modern media truly have an effect on our adolescent girls and if so, in what ways. Girls from the ages of fourteen through 18 are doing unquestionable things today that you did not see in the ‘80’s. TV programming has taken an extreme jump from the simplicities of cartoons, comedies and sitcoms to the unregulated exposure of today’s reality, and its consequences. When one turns on the TV, channels that have been geared towards our younger generation, for example MTV and VH1, these channels initially consisted of music videos, have now turned into Pandora’s Box, with programming consisting of 16 & Pregnant, Jersey Shore, Basketball Wives...
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...Inform Parents and children Primary Prevention of Childhood Obesity Introduction I. Obesity has doubled in American children the last three decades a. Increase in inactivity b. Increased in high fat, sugar, and processed foods c. Immediate and long term health effects. II. Increase in inactivity d. Children are watching more television associated with obesity i. 89% of children aged between four and five years spend more than two hours watching TV, Videos or DVDs every day (Kehl, 2006). ii. Food is heavily marketed on the television 1. The more likely they are to eat while watching television 2. The foods they consume are likely the foods advertised on television (YouTube 2015) e. Children walking and biking to school has decreased while car transport has increased iii. Result of changes in community composition iv. Concern for child safety III. Increased in high fat, sugar, and processed foods f. Foods Consumed decades ago were almost void of processed foods g. In today’s family less fruits and vegetables, increased processed, high calorie foods v. Increased cost of healthful foods vi. Decreased cost of junk food vii. Increased variety viii. Increased school vending machines and a la cart foods (YouTube 2015) IV. Immediate and long term health affects h. Obese children are at increased risk...
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...The National School Lunch Program The most recent change to the National School Lunch program which went into effect July 1, 2012, the first change in over fifteen years, provides nutritious meals that contain one-third of the recommended dietary allowances. Tennessee’s school nutrition program is responsible for all the public schools in Tennessee, which are on the National School Lunch Program. With this change, it became required for schools to increase the availability of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat or fat free milk in school meals. It also includes reducing levels of sodium, saturated fat and trans fat in meals. On January 12, 2010 the U.S. Department of Agriculture published a purposed rule to update the nutrition standards for meals served in schools as part of the Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010. The main focal point of the Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010 was to improve child nutrition. The child obesity rate and the children who live in poverty that were going hungry were the economic issues that surrounded the act. “During 2007–2008, 20% of U.S. children aged 6–11 years and 18% of persons aged 12–19 years were obese, percentages that have tripled since 1980. Engaging children and adolescents in healthy eating and regular physical activity can lower their risk for obesity and related chronic diseases” (5‐Year Technical Assistance and Guidance Plan for Local School Wellness Policies, 2011). The program authorizes funding and sets the...
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...Children in the Metro Children in the Metro Kelly Elmore once said "Sometimes, the only way to ever find yourself is to get completely lost.” Finding yourself doesn't just mean realizing who you are on the outside but who are on the inside. Palmetto Health Hospitals created community programs that provides adolescent girls and boys help navigating through teenage years in a productive way. It is a non-profit organization that was created in 1998. The programs are based in several grade schools in the Columbia, South Carolina area. The Teen Health has six programs in its structure: Freshman Focus, ParenTeen, Teen Talk, Good Grieving, Giving Tree and Project READY. Freshman Focus is focused on teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy is a major concern for our teens. "Palmetto Health partners with local colleges to implement a college-based sexual health workshop called Freshman Focus” (Palmetto-Teen, 2015). A 50-minute session provides factorial information to college freshmen on healthy relationships, sexually transmitted diseases, and methods to protect against STDs and unexpected pregnancy. "South Carolina was ranked 12 out of 51 (50 states + the District of Columbia) on 2011 final teen births rates among females aged 15-19 (with 1 representing the highest rate and 51 representing the lowest rate)” (Centers, 2013). Parents are the greatest mentors on their children's health and decisions about sex. Recognizing this fact, their "Maternal and Child Health Initiative offers free...
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