ARS 202
M E A N I N G F U L

P R A Y E R
V O C A B U L A R Y O F S A L A H

PRESENTED BY A B D U L N A S I R J A N G D A

1

CRITICAL DISCLAIMER

1.

This document has been prepared specifically for use during the single weekend seminar entitled ‘Meaningful Prayer’ being offered by Bayyinah institute.

2.

This document has little to no value as a self study resource. It serves merely as an outline for discussions that will take place during the course of the seminar. Where deemed helpful, two kinds of English commentary have been offered:

3.

a. Brief comments that will be elaborated in class b. Translations cited from the work of Yusuf Ali.

4.

We at Bayyinah do not endorse any particular translation of the Qur’an. The very point of this seminar is to illustrate what is lost in translation. The above translation has only been cited for convenient reference and comparison.

5.

Attendees should print this document and bring it with them no later than the 2nd day of the seminar (Saturday) in order to maximize their benefit from the seminar.

6.

We advise attendees to bring along a notebook just in case they are interested in taking in‐ depth notes. Please be advised that the content of this seminar is geared more towards enrichment and general awareness than it is towards academic discourse, yet a wealth of information will be presented.

7.

Please do not be intimidated by the colossal citations of Arabic in this document. They are simply there to assist the instructor in the discussion process. You should be able to benefit from this program even if you don’t read or understand Arabic.

8.

This document outlines the full extent of the discussions planned for the Meaningful Prayer seminar. It will be the instructor’s sincere best effort to cover all of the material without rushing through it. The instructor therefore may skip portions of the material due to shortage of time.

9.

Bayyinah does not endorse a particular school of jurisprudence in its educational curriculum. The content of this course focuses on the language of the ritual act of prayer only.

10. If you are planning on attending this seminar but haven’t yet signed up, please do so at

www.bayyinah.com/student_center by choosing a location near you.

2

1
1.01

Introduction
Salah: Linguistic and Technical Definitions

Linguistic Definition: ‫ ‐ اﺪﻟﻋﺎء ﻟﻠﺮ ﺔ‬to pray for mercy ‫ – اﻟﺼ‬to burn “‫”ﺻﻠﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎر‬ ‫ ‐ اﻟﺼﻠﻮان‬hips "‫ "أﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻔﺮس‬ ‫ – اﻟﻠﻔﻆ اﻟﻤ ب‬foreign word meaning prayer ّ

Technical Definition: To worship Allah by means of certain known and prescribed sayings and actions at specified times ‫ – ﻣﻦ اﷲ‬if Allah is the ‘doer’ then it means to have mercy and grant blessings He it is who Sends blessings on you, As do His angels, They are those on whom (Descend) blessings from Allah, and Mercy ‫ﻫﻮ اﺬﻟي ﻳﺼ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ وﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‬ 33:43 2:157

ٌ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ‫أُوﻟَـ ِ ﻚ ﻋﻠَ ْ ِ ﻢ ﺻﻠَﻮات ﻣﻦ ر ِّ ِ ﻢ ور ﺔ‬ َ ّ ِّ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ

‫ – ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬if the ‘doers’ are the Angels then it means to seek forgiveness Allah and His angels send blessings on the prophet Those who sustain the Throne (of Allah. and those around it Sing glory and Praise to their Lord; believe In him; and implore forgiveness for those who believe: "Our Lord! Thy reach is over all things, In Mercy and knowledge. Forgive, then, those who turn In repentance, and follow Thy path; and preserve them from the penalty of the Blazing Fire! ‫إن اﷲ وﻣﻼ ِﻜﺘﻪ ُﻳﺼﻠُﻮن ﻋ َ اﻟﻨَّﺒﻲ‬ َ َ ّ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ ِ ِّ ِ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﻤﻠُﻮن اﻟ َ ْ ش وﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻪﻟ ُﺴﺒﺤﻮن ﺑﺤﻤﺪ ر ِّ ِ ﻢ وﻳﺆﻣﻨُﻮن‬ ِ َ ِ َ ُ ِّ ُ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َّ َ ِ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ً ْ ٍ ‫ﺑﻪ و َﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮون ﻟِﺬﻠﻳﻦ آﻣﻨُﻮا رﺑﻨَﺎ وﺳﻌﺖ ﻛُﻞ َ ْ ء ر ﺔ وﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ َّ َ ِ ِ َّ َ ِ َ ِ َ َ ِ ِ َّ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ َّ َ ِ ‫ﻓَﺎﻏﻔﺮ ﻟِﺬﻠﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺑُﻮا واﺗﺒﻌﻮا ﺳﺒﻴﻠَﻚ وﻗ ِ ﻋﺬاب اﻟﺠﺤ‬ َ َ ِ َّ ِ 33:56 40:7

‫ – ﻣﻦ اﻹ ﺴﺎن‬if the ‘doer’ is a human being it means to worship For such prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times. when the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the Day of Assembly) their prayer at the House (of Allah. is nothing but whistling and clapping of hands ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ً ‫إن اﻟﺼﻼَة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋ َ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨِﲔَ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗُﻮﺗﺎ‬ ِ ُ َّ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ ِ ْ ْ ‫إذَا ﻧُﻮدي ﻟِﻠﺼﻼة ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮ ِم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ِ ِ َ َّ ِ ِ َُ ُ ِ َ ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ‫وﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺻﻼ َ ُ ﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ إﻻَ ﻣﻜﺎء وﺗﺼﺪﻳﺔ‬ ّ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ِ ِ َ َ ِ ُ َ 4:103 62:9 8:35

‫ ‐ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ اﻟﺼﻠﻮة واﺪﻟﻋﺎء‬the difference between Salah and Dua 3

1.02 The Importance of Salah • ‫ ﺣﺪﺑﺚ: أول ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﻼة، ﻓﺈن ﺻﻠﺤﺖ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻤﻪﻠ وإن ﻓﺴﺪت ﻓﺴﺪ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻤﻪﻠ 'رواه اﻟﻄﱪا‬ Rasulullah (SAW) said, “The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer. If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds will be sound. And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad." (Recorded by al‐ Tabarani) ْ ْ ْ ْ 23:1‐11 1. the believers must (eventually) win through,‐ ْ ‫ﻗﺪ أَﻓﻠَﺢ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨُﻮن )١(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﰲ ﺻﻼ ِ ِ ﻢ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﻮن )٢(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻋﻦ‬ ِ َّ َ ِ ُ ِ َ َ ِ َّ َ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ َ 2. those who humble themselves In their prayers; ْ ْ ْ ْ 3. who avoid vain talk; ِ َّ ِ َّ ِ ِ َ َّ ْ ِ ِ ‫اﻟﻠَﻐﻮ ﻣُ ِ ﺿﻮن )٣(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ﻟِﻠﺰﻛﺎة ﻓَﺎﻋﻠُﻮن )٤(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ﻟِﻔُﺮوﺟ‬ ِ ّ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ 4. who are active In deeds of charity; ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻮن )٥(إﻻ ﻋ أزواﺟ ْ أو ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ أﻳ‬ ْ 5. who abstain from sex, ِِ َ َ َ َ ِ َ ُ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ‫َ ﻤﺎ ُ ُﻢ ﻓَﺈ ّ َ ُﻢ ﻏﲑ‬ َ 6. except with those joined to them In the marriage bond, ْ ْ ْ ِ َّ ِ َ or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,‐ for (in ُ ‫ﻣﻠُﻮﻣﲔَ )٦(ﻓَﻤﻦ اﺑﺘﻐﻰ وراء ذَﻟِﻚ ﻓَﺄُوﻟَ ِ ﻚ ُ ُ اﻟﻌﺎدُون )٧(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ‬ َ َ َ َ َ ََ ِ َ َ َ َ َ their case) They are free from blame, ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ َّ َ َ 7. but those whose desires exceed those limits are ‫ﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎ ِ ِ ﻢ وﻋﻬﺪ ِ راﻋﻮن )٨(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ﻋ َ ﺻﻠَﻮا ِ ِ ﻢ ﻳُﺤﺎﻓِﻈُﻮن‬ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ transgressors;‐ ْ ْ ْ ‫)٩(أُوﻟ ﻚ اﻟْﻮارﺛﻮن )٠١(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﺛﻮن اﻟْﻔﺮدوس‬ َّ (١١) ‫ُ ﻓِ ﺎ ﺧﺎﺪﻟون‬ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ِ َ ُُ َ َِ َ َ ِ َ ُ َِ َ ِ 8. those who faithfully observe their Trusts and their covenants; 9. and who (strictly) guard their prayers;‐ 10. these will be the heirs, 11. Who will inherit Paradise: They will dwell therein (for ever). ْ ٌ ْ ْ 38. Every soul will be (held) In pledge for its deeds. 78:38‐47 ْ ‫ﻛُﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ رﻫﻴﻨَﺔ )٨٣(إﻻ أَﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻴﻤﲔ )٩٣(ﰲ ﺟﻨَّﺎت‬ ٍ َ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ ِ ٍ َ ُّ ِ ِ َِ َ َ َ 39. except the companions of the right hand. ْ ْ ْ 40. (They will be) In Gardens (of delight): They will ‫ﻳ ﺴﺎءﻟﻮن )٠٤(ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﻣﲔ )١٤(ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻜﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺳﻘﺮ )٢٤(ﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ِ ُ َ ِ ِ ُ ِ َ َ َُ َ ََ َ question Each other, ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ 41. and (ask) of the sinners: ‫ﻟَﻢ ﻧﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﲔَ )٣٤(وﻟَﻢ ﻧﻚ ﻧُﻄﻌﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﲔَ )٤٤(وﻛُﻨَّﺎ ﻧﺨُﻮض ﻣﻊ‬ ِ ُ َ ْ َ ِ ِ ِّ َ ُ َ ِ ُ َ َ َ ََ ُ ُ 42. "What led you into Hell Fire?" ْ ْ ْ (٤٧)ُ ‫اﻟﺨﺎ ِﻀﲔَ )٥٤(وﻛُﻨَّﺎ ﻧُﻜﺬب ﺑﻴﻮ ِم اﺪﻟﻳﻦ )٦٤(ﺣﺘﻰ أَﺗﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻴﻘﲔ‬ ِ ِ َ 43. They will say: "We were not of those who prayed; ِ ُ ِّ َ ِ ِّ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ 44. "Nor were we of those who fed the indigent; 45. "But we used to talk vanities with vain talkers; 46. "And we used to deny the Day of Judgment, 47. "Until there came to us (the hour) that is certain." • Chain Reaction – Domino Effect • Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah 1.03 The Description of Salah in the Qur’an Thus, have we made of you an Ummat justly balanced, that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; and we appointed the Qibla to which Thou was used, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels (from the Faith). Indeed it was (A change) momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never would Allah make your Faith of no effect. For Allah is to all people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful. guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle prayer; and stand before Allah In a devout (frame of mind) Verily, I am Allah. there is no god but I: so serve Thou me (only), and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise

ْ ‫وﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﷲ ﻟِﻴﻀﻴﻊ إﻳﻤﺎﻧﻜﻢ‬ ُ َ َ ِ َ ِ ُ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ

2:143

َ‫وﻗُﻮﻣﻮا ِﷲِ ﻗﺎﻧﺘﲔ‬ ِ ِ َ َّ ُ َ ْ ‫وأَﻗﻢ اﻟﺼﻼة ﺬﻟﻛﺮي‬ ِ ِ ِ َ َّ ِ ِ َ

2:238

20:14

4

And He hath made me Blessed wheresoever I be, and hath enjoined on me prayer and charity As long As I live

ْ ْ ‫وأَوﺻﺎ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺰﻛﺎة ﻣﺎ دﻣﺖ ﺣﻴًﺎ‬ ّ َ ُ ُ َ ِ َ َّ َ ِ َّ ِ َ َ

19:31

ْ Of their goods, take alms, that so Thou mightest purify and ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ْ ِّ ‫ﺧُﺬ ﻣﻦ أَﻣﻮاﻟِ ِ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺗُﻄَﻬﺮ ُ ْ وﺗُﺰﻛ ِ ﻢ ِ ﺎ وﺻﻞ ﻋﻠَ ْ ِ ﻢ إن ﺻﻼﺗﻚ‬ ِ ِّ َ َ َ ِّ ََ َ َ َ َ َّ ِ َ َ َ ُ َ sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. Verily Thy prayers ْ ٌ ٌ are a source of security for them: and Allah is one who (١٠٣) ٌ ‫ﺳﻜﻦ ﻟَ ُ واﷲ َ ِﻴﻊ ﻋﻠ‬ ِ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ heareth and knoweth

9:103

1.04 What is Khushu’? • Definition of ‫ – ﺧﺸﻮع‬to feel humbled and overwhelmed in such a manner that the body exhibits the signs of this fear e.g. ْ ْ ْ ً ْ َ ِ ‫وﺧﺸﻌﺖ اﻷﺻﻮات ﻟِﻠﺮ ﻦ ﻓَﻼ َﺴﻤﻊ إﻻ ﻫﻤﺴﺎ‬ ِ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َّ ُ َ ُ َ 20:108

on that Day will They follow the Caller (straight): no crookedness (can They show) him: all sounds shall humble themselves In the presence of ((Allah)) Most gracious: nothing shalt Thou Hear but the tramp of their feet (as They march) their eyes will be cast down,‐ ignominy will cover them; seeing that They had been summoned aforetime to bow In adoration, while They were whole, (and had refused) some faces, that Day, will be humiliated, And among His Signs In this: Thou seest the earth barren and desolate; but when we send down rain to it, it is stirred to life and yields increase. Truly, He who gives life to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. for He has power over all things Had we sent down This Qur'an on a mountain, Verily, Thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and cleave asunder for fear of Allah. such are the similitudes which we propound to men, that They may reflect And Thou wilt see them brought forward to the (Penalty), In a humble frame of mind because of (their) disgrace, (and) looking with a stealthy glance. and the believers will say: "Those are indeed In loss, who have given to perdition their own selves and those belonging to them on the Day of Judgment. Behold! truly the wrong‐doers are In a lasting Penalty!” • Near‐synonyms of ‫ :ﺧﺸﻮع‬ ‫ ‐ ﺧﻮف‬ ‫ ‐ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ‬ Allah said, "Seize it, and fear not: we shall return it at once to its former condition" And so amongst men and crawling creatures and cattle, are They of various colors. those truly fear Allah, among His slaves, who have knowledge: for Allah is Exalted In Might, Oft‐Forgiving

ٌ ْ ْ ً ‫ﺧﺎﺷﻌﺔ أَﺑﺼﺎر ُ ْ ﺗﺮﻫﻘ ُ ذﺔﻟ‬ َّ ِ ُ َ ْ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ ٌ ْ ‫وﺟﻮهٌ ﻳﻮﻣ ِ ﺬ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﺔ‬ َ ِ َ ٍ َ َ ُ ُ ْ ْ ً ‫وﻣﻦ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ أَﻧَﻚ ﺗﺮى اﻷرض ﺧﺎﺷﻌﺔ‬ ِ َ ّ ِِ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ً ِ ‫ﻟَﻮ أَﻧﺰﻟﻨَﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘُﺮآن ﻋ َ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻟَﺮأَﻳﺘﻪ ُﺧﺎﺷﻌﺎ‬ َ َ َ َ َ ٍ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫وﺗﺮا ُ ْ ﻳ ﺿﻮن ﻋﻠ ْ ﺎ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﲔَ ﻣﻦ اﺬﻟُل ﻳﻨﻈُﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف ﺧﻔﻲ‬ ٍّ ِ َ ٍ َ ِ َ ُ َ ّ ِ ّ َ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ

68:43

88:2 41:39

59:21

42:45

ْ ْ َ ‫ﻗﺎل ﺧُﺬﻫﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺨﻒ ﺳﻨُﻌﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﲑ َ ﺎ اﻷو‬ َ َ َ ِ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ‫إﻧَﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺸﻰ اﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎده اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬ ِ ِ َ َّ َ َ َ ِّ ُ ََُ ِِ َ

20:21 35:28

5

1.05

The Importance of Khushu’

‫ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﻮن‬vs ‫ ﻣﺼﻠﻮن‬ ّ ْ ْ ْ ْ 2. For, believers are those who, when Allah is mentioned, ْ ْ ‫إﻧَﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨُﻮن اﺬﻟﻳﻦ إذَا ذُﻛﺮ اﷲ وﺟﻠَﺖ ﻗُﻠُﻮ ﻢ وإذَا ﺗُﻠﻴﺖ ﻋﻠَ ِ ﻢ‬ ِ ِ َ ُْ ِ َ ُ َّ ِ ِ َ ِ َّ َ ِ ُ َ ِّ َ ُ َ feel a tremor In their hearts, and when They Hear His Signs َ ْ ‫آﻳﺎﺗﻪ زاد ْ ﻢ إﻳﻤﺎﻧًﺎ وﻋ ر‬ ْ rehearsed, find their Faith strengthened, and put (all) their ‫ﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻛﻠﻮن )٢(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮن اﻟﺼﻼة‬ َ َّ َ ُ ِ ُ َ ِ َّ َ ِ ُ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ُ َ ّ َ َ َ ِ ِّ َ َ َ َ trust In their Lord; ٌ ْ ً ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫وﻣﻤﺎ رزﻗﻨَﺎ ُ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮن )٣(أُوﻟَ ِ ﻚ ُ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨُﻮن ﺣﻘﺎ ﻟَ ُ درﺟﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ‬ َّ َ ِ ُ ُ َ َ ِ َ َ َّ ِ َ َ ُ ِ ُ َ ََ 3. who establish regular prayers and spend (freely) out of ٌ ْ ٌ ْ ْ (٤) ٌ ‫ر ِّ ِ ﻢ وﻣﻐﻔﺮة ورزق ﻛﺮ‬ ِ َ ِ َ َ َِ the gifts we have given them for sustenance: َ َ 4. such In truth are the believers: They have grades of dignity with their Lord, and forgiveness, and generous sustenance 19. truly man was created very impatient;‐ 20. Fretful when evil touches him; 21. and miserly when good reaches him;‐ 22. not so those devoted to Prayer;‐ 23. those who remain steadfast to their prayer; 24. And those in whose wealth is a recognized right. 25. for the (needy) who asks and Him who is prevented (for some reason from asking); 26. and those who hold to the truth of the Day of judgment; 27. and those who fear the displeasure of their Lord,‐ 28. for their Lord's displeasure is the opposite of peace and Tranquility;‐ 29. and those who guard their chastity, 30. except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,‐ for (then) They are not to be blamed, 31. but those who trespass beyond This are transgressors;‐ 32. and those who respect their Trusts and covenants; 33. and those who stand firm In their testimonies; 34. and those who guard (the sacredness) of their worship;‐ 35. Such will be the honored ones In the Gardens (of Bliss). 4. so woe to the worshippers 5. who are neglectful of their prayers, 6. those who (want but) to be seen (of men) ‫ إﺣﺴﺎن‬vs ‫ رﻳﺎء‬ ْ the Hypocrites ‐ They think They are over‐ ‫وإذَا ﻗﺎﻣﻮا إ َ اﻟﺼﻼة ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﻛُﺴﺎ َ ﻳﺮاءون اﻟﻨَّﺎس وﻻ ﻳﺬﻛُﺮون اﷲ إﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬ ِ َ ِ َ َّ َ ِ ُ َ ِ َ َ ُ َُ ُ َ ِ َّ َ َ َ reaching Allah, but He will over‐ reach them: َ ُ when They stand up to prayer, They stand without earnestness, to be seen of men, but Little do They hold Allah In remembrance That you worship Allah as if you see Him, for ‫أن ﺗﻌﺒﺪ اﷲ ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﺗﺮاه ، ﻓﺈن ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺮاه ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮاك‬ if you don't see Him then truly He sees you 4:142 8:2‐4

ْ ْ ْ ً ً ‫إن اﻹ ﺴﺎن ﺧُﻠﻖ ﻫﻠُﻮﻋﺎ )٩١(إذَا ﻣﺴﻪ ُ اﻟ ّ َ ﺟﺰوﻋﺎ )٠٢(وإذَا ﻣﺴﻪ ُ اﻟﺨﲑ‬ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َّ ِ َ َ ُ َ َّ َ َّ َ ُ َ ُّ َ ْ ْ ً ‫ﻣﻨُﻮﻋﺎ )١٢(إﻻ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﲔَ )٢٢(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻋ َ ﺻﻼ ِ ِ ﻢ دا ِﻤﻮن )٣٢(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ِﰲ‬ ِ َّ ِ َّ ِّ َ ُ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ْ َّ ‫أَﻣﻮاﻟِ ِ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻌﻠُﻮمٌ )٤٢(ﻟِﻠﺴﺎ ِﻞ واﻟﻤﺤﺮوم )٥٢(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﻳﺼﺪﻗُﻮن ﺑﻴﻮ ِم‬ ِ ِ ِ َ ّ َ َ َِ َ ّ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ِ َّ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ‫اﺪﻟﻳﻦ )٦٢(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ْ ﻣﻦ‬ َ ِ ِّ َ ُ ‫َ ّ ِ َ ُ ِ ﻋﺬاب ر ِّ ِ ﻢ ﻣُﺸﻔﻘﻮن )٧٢(إن ﻋﺬاب ر ِّ ِ ﻢ ﻏﲑ‬ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ َ َّ ِ َ ِ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮن )٨٢(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻟِﻔُﺮوﺟ ِ ﺣﺎﻓﻈُﻮن )٩٢(إﻻ ﻋ َ أَزواﺟ ِ أَو ﻣﺎ‬ ِ َّ ِ َ ِ َ ِ ِ ٍ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ ْ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺖ أﻳﻤﺎ ﻢ ﻓﺈ ﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻠﻮﻣﲔ )٠٣(ﻓﻤﻦ اﺑ‬ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫َ ِ ﺘﻐﻰ وراء ذَﻟِﻚ‬ َ َ َ َ ََ َ ِ ُ َ ُ َ ُ َّ ِ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ِ ‫اﻟْﻌﺎدون )١٣(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ْ ﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎ ِ ﻢ وﻋﻬﺪ‬ ْ ‫ﻓﺄوﻟ ﻚ‬ ‫ِ راﻋﻮن‬ ُ َ ِ َّ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُُ َ َِ ُ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ‫)٢٣(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ِﺸﻬﺎدا ِ ِ ﻢ ﻗﺎ ِﻤﻮن )٣٣(واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻋ َ ﺻﻼ ِ ِ ﻢ ﻳﺤﺎﻓِﻈُﻮن‬ ِ َّ ِ َّ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ (٣٥) ‫)٤٣(أُوﻟَ ِ ﻚ ﰲ ﺟﻨَّﺎت ﻣﻜﺮﻣﻮن‬ َ ُ َ ُ ٍ َ ِ َ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ْ َّ (٦) ‫ﻓَﻮﻳﻞ ﻟِﻠﻤﺼﻠﲔَ )٤(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼ ِ ِ ﻢ ﺳﺎﻫﻮن )٥(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﻳﺮاءون‬ ِ َّ ِّ َ ُ َ ُ َُ َ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ

70:19‐35

107:4‐6

‫ﺣﺪﺑﺚ‬

‫ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬

6

Degrees of Success ْ ْ O ye who believe! bow down, prostrate yourselves, ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫ﻳﺎ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﺬﻟﻳﻦ آﻣﻨُﻮا ارﻛﻌﻮا واﺳﺠﺪوا واﻋﺒﺪوا رﺑﻜﻢ واﻓﻌﻠُﻮا اﻟﺨﲑ‬ ِ َّ َّ َ ُ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ and Adore your Lord; and do good; that ye may ْ ْ prosper (٧٧) ‫ﻟَﻌﻠَﻜﻢ ﺗُﻔﻠﺤﻮن‬ ّ َ ُ َ ُ ِ ْ ْ ْ ْ 1. the believers must (eventually) win through, ْ (٢) ‫ﻗﺪ أَﻓﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨُﻮن )١(اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ُ ْ ﰲ ﺻﻼ ِ ِ ﻢ ﺧﺎﺷﻌﻮن‬ ِ َّ َ ِ ُ َ َ ُ ِ َ َ ِ َ َ َ 2. those who humble themselves In their prayers 22:77

23:1‐2

‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻗﺎل: ﻌﺖ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﻳﻘﻮل: ))ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺮئ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺗﺤﻀﺮه ﺻﻼة ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ، ﻓﻴﺤﺴﻦ وﺿﻮءﻫﺎ، وﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﺎ، ورﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻔﺎرة ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﺬﻟﻧﻮب، ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺄت ﻛﺒﲑة، وذﻟﻚ اﺪﻟﻫﺮ ﻛﻪﻠ(( رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ّ ِ

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “There is no Muslim man who, when the time for a prescribed prayer comes, he does wudoo’ properly, has the proper attitude of khushoo’, and bows properly, but it will be an expiation for all his previous sins, so long as they were not major sins (kabeerah).And this is the case for life” (Reported by Muslim)

1.06 The Pre‐Requisites for Khushu’ Change of Lifestyle: o Leaving Sins and Haram o Increase in Practice of Sunan and Mustahabbat o Decrease in vain and unnecessary indulgences o Increase in Recitation and Study of the Qur’an • Preparing for Salah: o Free yourself up o Perform Salah at the preferred times (no delaying) o Wudhu properly o Siwak or Miswak o Masjid o Adhan o Congregation o Relax o Ask for Allah’s help • While performing Salah: o Keep eyes fixed at prescribed places o Observe the postures of Salah properly o Focus on Meaning of what is recited in Salah • 1.07 Our Approach to Salah Vocabulary • Study of Roots, Conjugations, and Derivatives • Near Synonyms and Implications of Word Choice • Usage of the Word in Qur’an and Sunnah • Sentence Structure and Eloquence • Deeper Meanings 7

2
2.01

Opening
The Takbeer ْ Allah is the Greatest ‐ ُ ‫اَﷲ أﻛﱪ‬ َ ُ ّ ْ َ ُ ‫أَﻛﱪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ُ ّ َ

•

‫ : إﺳﻢ اﺬﻟات ‐ ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﺠﻼﺔﻟ‬Difference of opinion about the origin of the word ‫ اﷲ‬ ّ 1. 2. Not derived from any root, rather the unique name of the Divinity Derived from either one of the following roots: ْ a) ‫ ‐ أ ََﻪﻟ ﻳﺄﻪﻟ‬to worship, to be enslaved to َ َ َ ُ b) c) ‫ ‐ وﻪﻟ ﻳﻪﻠ‬to be overwhelmed by shock or amazement ُ َِ َِ َ ْ ْ ِ ُ ‫ – ﻻهَ ﻳﻠُﻮه ُ , ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬to create, to be high, to be hidden َ َ َ

* Rule: in Arabic a word is assumed to be jamid unless proven otherwise • • 2.02 ‫ ‐ ﺗﻔﺨ‬full‐mouth Comparative – not Superlative and open‐ended? Opening Supplications

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ٰ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َﺑﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﻨِﻲ وﺑﲔَ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎي ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺪت ﺑﲔَ اﻟﻤ ِ ق واﻟﻤ ِ ب، اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َﻧﻘﻨِﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎ َي ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨَﻘﻰ اﻟﺜَّﻮب اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ُﻣﻦ اﺪﻟ َﺲ اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َاﻏﺴﻠﻨِﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ِ ِ ِّ َ ّ ِ ّ ّ ِ َّ َ ِ َ َّ ُ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫واﻟﺜّ َﻠﺞ واﻟﱪد‬ ِ َِ َ O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white robe is purified of filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice.’ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎي‬ ‫واﻟﻤ ب‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﺪﻟ ﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ق‬ ‫وﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺪت‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮب‬ ‫اﻏﺴﻠﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ Your comments here ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎي‬

8

‫واﻟﱪد‬ • • ّ ‫ - اﻟﻠ‬double uniqueness ‫ 3 - ﺑﲔ‬implications: 1. 2. 3. • •

‫واﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬

‫ - ﻣ ب‬wordplay

‫ - وﺿﻮح‬clarity

‫ - ﺑﻌﺪ‬distance

‫ - إﻓﱰاق‬separation

Eloquence of the Prophet (pbuh) and the use of Imagery

ْ ٰ ْ ْ ٰ ٰ ْ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﻨَﻚ اﻟﻠ ُ َّوﺑﺤﻤﺪك وﺗﺒﺎرك ا ُﻚ وﺗﻌﺎ ٰ ﺟﺪك وﻵإﻪﻟ ﻏﲑُك‬ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ ّ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُّ َ How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name, and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be worshipped except You. ‫ا ﻚ‬ ‫وﺗﺒﺎرك‬ ‫وﺑﺤﻤﺪ ك‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ‬ Your comments here

‫ﻏﲑك‬

‫إﻪﻟ‬

‫وﻻ‬

‫ﺟﺪك‬

‫وﺗﻌﺎ‬

•

‫ ‐ ﺳﺒﺤﺎن‬ o Linguistically, 2 opinions: 1. Foreign word 2. o From the root of ‫ ‐ س ب ح‬to swim Islamically – to proclaim Allah to be far and free from any shortcomings or blemishes

• • • • •

Function and usage of the letter ‫ ب‬ Grammatical understanding of ‫ وﺑﺤﻤﺪك‬ Definition and Concept of Barakah Spiritual implications of ‫ وﺗﺒﺎرك ا ﻚ‬ Deeper meaning of ‫ ﺗﻌﺎ‬ 9

•

‫ – ﻏﲑ‬wordplay

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ْ َّ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ُ ْ ٰ ٰ ‫وﺟﻬﺖ وﺟﻬﻲ ﻟِﺬﻠي ﻓَﻄَﺮ اﻟﺴﻤﻮات واﻷرض ﺣﻨِﻴﻔﺎ وﻣﺎ أﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ ِ ﻛﲔَ، إن ﺻﻼ ِ ْ و ﺴﻜﻲ وﻣﺤﻴﺎي وﻣﻤﺎ ِ ْ ِﷲِ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤﲔَ، ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻪﻟ وﺑﺬﻟِﻚ أ ُﻣﺮت وأ َﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِّ َ ّ ُ ِ َ ِ َ َُ َ ِ َ ِ َ ُ َّ َ َّ ِ ِ َّ َ ُ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ َ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ِِ ُ I have turned my face sincerely towards He who has brought forth the heavens and the Earth and I am not of those who associate (others with Allah). Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah, Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with this I am commanded and I am of the Muslims ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﺤﻴﺎي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وأﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻄﺮ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬ ‫و ﺴﻜﻲ‬ ُ ُ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﲔ‬ ‫أﻣﺮت‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻠي‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻼ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﻲ‬ ً ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺎ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻪﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫وﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫واﻷرض‬ ‫ﻛﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫وﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ • • ‫ذرأ‬ • • Deeper meaning of hanif and its derivatives 3:67 ‐ Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian; but He was true In Faith, and bowed His will to Allah’s (which is Islam), and He joined not gods with Allah (٦٧) َ‫ِ ﻛﲔ‬ ِ • • • Combination of ‫ ﺻﻼ‬and ‫ ﺴﻜﻲ‬ ُ ُ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ً ً ْ ً ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن إﺑﺮاﻫ ﻮدﻳﺎ وﻻ ﻧﺼﺮاﻧﻴًﺎ وﻟَﻜﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺣﻨِﻴﻔﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ وﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ‬ ُ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ِ ُ َ َ َ َ ّ ِ َ َ َ ّ ِ ُ َُ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ Grammatical use of wajh ‫ ﻓﻄﺮ‬and its near synonyms:

‫أ ﺸﺄ‬

‫ﺑﺪع‬

‫ﺑﺮأ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬

‫ ﻣﺤﻴﺎي‬from ‫( ﺣﻴﺎة‬hayat) ‐ wordplay Balance of Ibrahim’s statement 10

2.03

Isti’adhah

ْ ْ ْ ِ َّ ِ َّ َ ِ ِ ‫أﻋﻮذ ُﺑﺎﷲِ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﺮﺟ‬ ُ

I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one ‫أﻋﻮذ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن اﻟﺮﺟ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺰه وﻧﻔﺨﻪ وﻧﻔﺜﻪ‬ I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one, from his madness, his arrogance, and his poetry ‫اﻟﺮﺟ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫أﻋﻮذ‬

‫وﻧﻔﺜﻪ‬

‫وﻧﻔﺨﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺰه‬

‫ﻣﻦ‬

• 16:98 ‐ when Thou dost read the Qur'an, seek Allah’s protection from Satan the rejected one. ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ (٩٨) ِ ‫ﻓَﺈذَا ﻗﺮأت اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻓَﺎﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲِ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄَﺎن اﻟﺮﺟ‬ ِ َّ ِ َّ َ ِ َّ ِ ِ َ ُ َ َ َ ِ َ • Dual threat – dual solution o 2 enemies: 6:112 ‐ likewise did we make for every Messenger an enemy, ‐ evil ones among men and jinns, inspiring Each other with flowery discourses by way of deception. If Thy Lord had so planned, they would not have done it: so leave them and their inventions alone.

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ً (١١٢) ‫وﻛﺬﻟِﻚ ﺟﻌﻠﻨَﺎ ﻟِﻜﻞ ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﺪوا ﺷﻴﺎﻃﲔَ اﻹ ﺲ واﻟﺠﻦ ﻳﻮ ِ ﺑﻌﻀ ُ إ َ ﺑﻌﺾ زﺧﺮف اﻟﻘﻮل ُ ورا وﻟَﻮ ﺷﺎء رﺑُﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓَﻌﻠُﻮه ﻓَﺬر ُ ْ وﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﱰُون‬ ِ َ َ ًّ ُ َ ٍّ ِ َ ِ ّ ُ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ُ ُ ٍ َ ِ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ّ ََ َ ِّ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ o 2 solutions: a) 41:34 ‐ nor can goodness and evil be equal. Repel (evil) with what is better: then will He between whom and Thee was hatred become as it were Thy friend and intimate! ْ ٌ ٌ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ (٣٤) ٌ ِ َ ِ ‫وﻻ َﺴﺘﻮي اﻟﺤﺴﻨَﺔ ُوﻻ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ُادﻓَﻊ ﺑﺎﻟَّﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ أَﺣﺴﻦ ﻓَﺈذَا اﺬﻟي ﺑﻴﻨَﻚ وﺑﻴﻨَﻪ ُﻋﺪاوة ﻛﺄَﻧَﻪ ُو‬ ِ َّ ِ ِ ِ ِ َِ َ ِّ َّ ّ َ ّ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ b) 23:97‐98 ‐ and say "O My Lord! I seek refuge with Thee from the suggestions of the evil ones. And I seek refuge with Thee O My Lord! Lest they should come near me." ْ ْ ْ ْ (٩٨) ‫وﻗُﻞ رب أَﻋﻮذ ُﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺰات اﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ )٧٩(وأَﻋﻮذ ُﺑﻚ رب أَن ﻳﺤﻀﺮون‬ ِ ُ ُ َ ِّ َ َ ِ ُ َ ِ ِ َ َ ّ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ ُ ِّ َ َ • When feeling angry or fighting evil thoughts or inclinations 11

2.04

The Basmalah

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ِ ‫اﻟﺮﺣ‬ ِ َّ

ْ ْ (١) ِ ‫ِﺴﻢ اﷲِ اﻟﺮ ﻦ اﻟﺮﺣ‬ ِ َّ ِ َّ َّ ِ َ ْ ‫اﻟﺮ ﻦ‬ ِ َ َّ ِ‫اﷲ‬ َّ ْ ‫ِﺴﻢ‬ ِ

• • ‫ اﻟ ﺴﻤﺔﻠ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻦ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء‬ Origin of ‫ 2 ‐ إﺳﻢ‬opinions: o o •

Deeper meanings of the words ‫ ر ﺎن‬and ‫ : رﺣ‬ o ‫( ﺑﺪل‬substitutes) or ‫( ﻧﻌﺖ‬adjectives)?

From the root of ‫ ‐ و س م‬to brand or mark

From the root of ‫ ‐ س م و‬to elevate

o

Difference between them: a) b) Both words are indicative of abundance in mercy. However, ‫ ر ﺎن‬is greater than ‫ رﺣ‬ ‫ ‐ ر ﺎن‬merciful to believers and unbelievers in this world ‫ ‐ رﺣ‬merciful specifically to the believers in this world and the hereafter ‫ ‐ رﺣ‬indicates constancy in mercy

c)

‫ ‐ ر ﺎن‬alludes to abundance of mercy

• Hadith: “Any act of significance that is not started by saying Bismillah is devoid of blessing.”

12

3
3.01

Phrases
Remembrance in the Ruku’ ْ ْ How perfect my Lord is, The Supreme ‐ ِ ْ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن رﻲﺑ اﻟﻌﻈ‬ ِ َ ِّ َ ُ َ َ ‫رﻲﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن‬

‫اﻟﻌﻈ‬ Implications of ‫ ﻋﻈ‬ Difference between ‫ ﻛﺒﲑ‬and ‫ ﻋﻈ‬ Association of t’adhim with ruku’

• • •

ْ ٌ ْ ٌ ْ ِ ْ Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angels and the Ruuh (i.e. Jibraa’eel) ‐ ‫ﺳﺒُﻮح ﻗ ُﺪوس رب اﻟﻤﻼ ِﻜﺔ واﻟﺮوح‬ ِ َ ُّ ّ ُ ُّ َ ُّ َ ‫واﻟﺮوح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ﻗﺪوس‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻮح‬

• •

Sequence of subbuhun, quddusun Connection between subbuhun, quddusun: 1. 2. 3. ‫ ‐ ﺳﺒﻮح‬words, ‫ ‐ ﻗﺪوس‬actions ‫ ‐ ﺳﺒﻮح‬describing Allah himself, ‫ ‐ ﻗﺪوس‬describing how we should worship Allah ‫ ‐ ﺳﺒﻮح‬deeds, ‫ ‐ ﻗﺪوس‬belief

•

Origin of the word ‫( ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬mala’ikah)

•

Comprehensiveness and versatility of the word ‫( روح‬ruh)

•

‫ ‐ روح‬wordplay

13

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ذي اﻟﺠﱪ ُوت واﻟﻤﻠَﻜﻮت واﻟﻜﱪﻳﺎء واﻟﻌﻈَﻤﺔ‬ ِ ُ ِ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ِ ُ

How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence and grandeur ‫اﻟﺠﱪوت‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫واﻟﻜﱪﻳﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻠﻜﻮت‬

• • •

Deeper meaning of the word ‫( ﺟﱪ‬jabr) and its derivatives ‫ ‐ ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬by increasing the letters in a derivative the meaning increases ‫( ﻣﻠﻜﻮت‬malakut) in the Qur’an

3.02 ‫ﺪه‬

Standing up from Ruku’

ْ May Allah answer he who praises Him ‐ ‫َ ِﻊ اﷲ ﻟِﻤﻦ َ ِﺪه‬ َ ُ َ ُ َ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻊ‬

‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬

• ‫( ﻊ‬sami’a) – wordplay ْ ْ ٰ (O Allah) Our Lord, (and) for You is all praise ‐ ‫)اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َ( رﺑﻨﺎ )و( ﻟَﻚ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬ ُ َ َ َّ َ ّ َ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ • 4 narrations ْ ً ً an abundant beautiful blessed praise ‐ ‫َ ْﺪا ًﻛﺜﲑا ًﻃﻴﺒﺎ ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ِ َ ِّ َ َ ُ ً ً ‫ﻛﺜﲑا‬ ً ‫ﺪا‬ ‫ﻃﻴﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬

ً

‫ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺎ‬

14

• • •

Benefits of ‫( ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬maful mutlaq) Versatility of ‫ ﻃﻴﺐ‬and its usage in the Qur’an and Sunnah e.g. o o o o 2:168, 39:73, 13:29, 7:58, 22:24, 35:10, 24:26, 3:38, 14:24, 16:97, 61:12, 5:5 ‫ ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ: ﺑﺄﻲﺑ أﻧﺖ وأﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﺖ ﺣﻴﺎ وﻃﺒﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ ﻓﻄﻮﻰﺑ ﻟﻠ ﺑﺎء‬ ‫ ﻗﺎل رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﻟﻌﻤﺎر: ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻄﻴﺐ‬ ّ ّ ّ Derivatives of ‫ ﻛﺜﺮ‬in the Qur’an

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ‫ﻣﻞء اﻟﺴﻤﻮات وﻣﻞء اﻷرض وﻣﺎ ﺑﻴ َ ُﻤﺎ وﻣﻞء ﻣﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻣﻦ َ ء ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ِ َ ِ ِ َ ُ َ ٍ َّ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ The heavens and the Earth and all between them abound with Your praises, and all that You will abounds with Your praises ‫ﺑﻴ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ • • ‫( ﻣﻸ‬mala’) – ruling party or group ‫رﻏﺐ‬ ‫ ‐ ﺷﺎء‬appropriate usage and near synonyms: ‫ﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻞء‬ ‫ﺷﺌﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻮات‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻞء‬ ‫وﻣﻞء‬

‫إﺷ ﻰ‬

‫أراد‬

3.03

Remembrance in the Sujud

ْ ْ How perfect my Lord is, The Most High ‐ ٰ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن رﻲﺑ اﻷﻋ‬ َ ِّ َ ُ َ ‫رﻲﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن‬

‫اﻷﻋ‬

• 15 Correlation between the posture of Sujud and what is said in it

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ْ ّٰ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َاﻏﻔﺮ ِ ْ وار َ ْﻨِﻲ واﻫﺪ ِ ْ واﺟﱪ ِ ْ وﻋﺎﻓِﻨِﻲ وارزﻗﻨِﻲ وارﻓَﻌﻨِﻲ‬ ِ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, enrich me, give me health, grant me sustenance and raise my rank ‫واﻫﺪ‬ ‫وار ﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻏﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬

3.04

Supplication between the Sujud

‫وارﻓﻌﻨﻲ‬ • • • • ‫ ‐ ﻏﻔﺮ‬near synonyms: ‫ ‐ ﻏﻔﺮ‬wordplay

‫وارزﻗﻨﻲ‬

‫وﻋﺎﻓﻨﻲ‬

‫واﺟﱪ‬

‫ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺻﻔﺢ ﺗﺼﺪق ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻔﺮ ﺣﻄّﺔ‬ ّ ّ

‫ ‐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺔ‬wordplay ‫ – ﻋﻔﻮ‬real meaning: o ْ ْ ْ ْ ً ً (٩٩) ‫ ﻓَﺄُوﻟَ ِ ﻚ ﻋﺴﻰ اﷲ أَن ﻳﻌﻔُﻮ ﻋ ُﻢ وﻛﺎن اﷲ ﻋﻔُﻮا ﻏﻔُﻮرا‬ َ ّ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ 4:99 ‐ for these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: for Allah doth Blot out (sins) and forgive again and again. o o "‫“ ‐ وﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ:" واﻋﻔﻮا اﻟﻠﺤﺎء‬leave your beards” ‫“ ‐ وﻳﻘﺎل : ﻋﻔﺖ اﺪﻟار‬the house was abandoned”

•

Broadness of the word ‫ ‐ رزق‬ o ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ (٥) ‫ واﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻠَﻴﻞ واﻟ ّ َ ﺎر وﻣﺎ أَﻧﺰل اﷲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ رزق ﻓَﺄَﺣﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻷرض ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ ِ ﺎ وﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح آﻳﺎت ﻟِﻘﻮ ٍم ﻳﻌﻘﻠُﻮن‬ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ َ َّ َ ِ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ِ ّ ِ ِ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ِّ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ 45:5 ‐ and In the alternation of night and Day, and the fact that Allah Sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and In the change of the winds,‐ are Signs for those that are wise. o ْ ْ ْ ْ (٨٢) ‫ وﺗﺠﻌﻠُﻮن رزﻗﻜﻢ أَﻧَﻜﻢ ﺗُﻜﺬﺑﻮن‬ ّ ُ ُ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ِّ َ 56:82 ‐ and have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false? o ْ ْ (٢٢) ‫ و ِﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء رزﻗُﻜﻢ وﻣﺎ ﺗُﻮﻋﺪون‬ ِ ِ َ َّ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ 51:22 ‐ and In heaven is your sustenance, As (also) that which ye are promised.

•

‫ ‐ رﻓﻊ‬wordplay 16

4
4.01

Sitting
Testimony of Faith

There are multiple narrations regarding the Tashahhud with minor variations. Tashahhud of Ibn Masud – ‫ ﺸﻬﺪ إﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ٰ ْ ٰ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت ِﷲِ ، واﻟﺼﻠﻮات، واﻟﻄّ َﻴﺒﺎت، اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻚ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻟﻨّ َﺒﻲ ور ﺔ ُاﷲِ وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ُﻪ ُ، اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ وﻋ ٰ ﻋﺒﺎد اﷲِ اﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﲔَ، أ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ّﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ، وأ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ًﻋﺒﺪه‬ ِ ّ ّٰ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ّ ّ َ َ َ ُّ ِ ُ َ َّ َ ّ ُ ّ ِ َّ ُ َ َّ َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ُ ّ ِ َ ِ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ ُ ِّ ْ ‫ورﺳﻮﻪﻟ‬ ُُ ُ َ َ All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎد‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ور ﺔ‬ ‫وﻋ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وأﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻠﻮات‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫أﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ورﺳﻮﻪﻟ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫أ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﲔ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫إﻪﻟ‬ ً ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪا‬

•

‫( ﻊ ﺗﺤﻴﺔ ‐ ﺗﺤﻴﺎت‬pl. tahiyyah) , story in regards to its meaning Deeper meaning of first 4 words ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت ﷲ، واﻟﺼﻠﻮات، واﻟﻄﻴﺒﺎت‬ 2nd person in the greeting on the Prophet (pbuh) ‫ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah 17

•

•

•

• • • •

Nabi and Rasul Salam: meaning, method, difference, and wordplay Praying for yourself ‫( ﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ ‐ ﻋﺒﺎد‬pl. ‘abd ) , 2 different plurals and their usage Importance of Righteousness and Brotherhood/Sisterhood Shahadah, its meaning and a strong message

• •

Tashahhud of Ibn Abbas – ‫ ﺸﻬﺪ إﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‬ ّ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ٰ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺎرﻛﺎت اﻟﺼﻠَﻮات اﻟﻄّ َﻴﺒﺎت ِﷲِ ﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻚ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻟﻨّ َﺒﻲ ور ﺔ ُاﷲ ِوﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ُﻪ ُ ﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ وﻋ ٰ ﻋﺒﺎد اﷲِ اﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﲔَ, أ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ, وأ َن ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ًرﺳﻮل‬ ِ ّ ِ ِ َ َ َ َ ٌ َ ِ َِ ِ ُ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َّ َ ُ َّ َ ُ َ َ َ َّ ُ َ ّ ُ ِّ َ ُ ُ ّ َّ َ َ َ ُّ ِ َ َ َ ِ‫اﷲ‬

All compliments, blessed words, prayers, pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎرﻛﺎت‬

Tashahhud of Ibn Umar – ‫ ﺸﻬﺪ إﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت ِﷲِ, اﻟﺼﻠَﻮات اﻟﻄّ َﻴﺒﺎت, اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻚ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻟﻨّ َﺒﻲ ور ﺔ ُاﷲِ وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ُﻪ ُاﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻨﺎ وﻋ ٰ ﻋﺒﺎد اﷲِ اﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﲔَ, أ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ وﺣﺪه ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻪﻟ وأ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن‬ ِ ّ ِ ِ َ َ َِ ِ ُ ِّ ُ ُ ّ ِ َّ ُ َ َّ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ ِ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ َّ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ ُّ ِ َ َ َ ْ ْ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ًﻋﺒﺪه ورﺳﻮﻪﻟ‬ ُ ُ ُ َ َ ُ ُ َ َّ َ ُ All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone, He has no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger ‫ﻪﻟ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﺣﺪه‬ ‫وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬

18

Tashahhud of Abu Musa – ‫اﻷﺷ ي‬

‫ ﺸﻬﺪ أﻲﺑ ﻣﻮ‬

ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴَﺎت اﻟﻄّ َﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻠَﻮات ِﷲِ, اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻚ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻟﻨّ َﺒﻲ ور ﺔ ُاﷲِ وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ُﻪ ُ, اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻨﺎ وﻋ ٰ ﻋﺒﺎد اﷲِ اﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﲔَ أ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ّﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ وأ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ﻋﺒﺪه‬ ِ ّ ِ ِ َ َ َِ ِ ُ ّ ِ َّ ُ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ َّ ُ ِّ َ ُ َّ َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُّ ِ َ ‫ورﺳﻮﻪﻟ‬

All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger • Tashahhud of Umar ibn al‐Khattab – ‫ﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب‬ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻴَﺎت ِﷲِ, اﻟﺰاﻛﻴﺎت ِﷲِ , اﻟﻄّ َﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻚ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻟﻨّ َﺒﻲ ور ﺔ ُاﷲِ وﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ُﻪ ُ، اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠَﻴﻨﺎ وﻋ ٰ ﻋﺒﺎد اﷲِ اﻟﺼﺎﻟِﺤﲔَ، أ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ، وأ َﺷﻬﺪ أ َن ﻣﺤﻤﺪا ًﻋﺒﺪه‬ ِ ّ ِ ِ َ َ َِ ِ ُ ِ ّ ُ ّ ِ َّ ُ َ َ َ ُ َّ ُ ِّ َ ُ َّ َ َ ّ َ َ َ ُّ ِ ُ ُ َ َّ َ ُ َّ ُ َ َ ُ َ ْ ‫ورﺳﻮﻪﻟ‬ ُُ ُ َ َ All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. ‫اﻟﺰاﻛﻴﺎت‬

‫ ‐ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﺣﺬف اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬

4.02 Salutations on the Prophet (pbuh) ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ْ ْ‫اﻟﻠ ﺻﻞ ﻋ ٰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ وﻋ ٰ آل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﻋ ٰ إﺑﺮاﻫ ْ ، وﻋ ٰ آل إﺑﺮاﻫ ْ ، إﻧﻚ ﻴﺪ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ، اﻟﻠ ﺑﺎرك ﻋ ٰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ وﻋ ٰ آل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎرﻛﺖ ﻋ ٰ إﺑ‬ ْ ٰ ٌ ْ ٰ ٰ ‫ِ ﺮاﻫ ْ ، وﻋ‬ ِ َ ِ َ َ َّ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َّ َ َ ٍ َّ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ ٍ َّ َ ُ َ ِ ّ َ َّ ُ ّ َ ٍ َّ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ٍ َّ َ ُ َ ِ َّ ُ ّ َ َ َ ِ َ ٌ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ‫آل إﺑﺮاﻫ ْ إﻧَﻚ َ ِﻴﺪ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ‬ ِ َ ِ ِ َ َِّ ِ O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon Ibrahim and upon the followers of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. ‫وﻋ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫آل‬ ‫ﺑﺎرك‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫وﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫آل‬ ‫إﺑﺮاﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺪ‬ 19

•

‫ ‐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬Meaning, history, and presence in the Qur’an Difference between ‫( أﻫﻞ‬ahl) and ‫( آل‬aal)

•

He it is who Sends blessings on you, As do His angels, that He may bring you out from the depths of darkness into Light: and He is full of Mercy to the believers. Allah and His angels send blessings on the prophet: O ye that ْ ‫إن اﷲ وﻣﻼ ِﻜﺘﻪ ُ ﻳﺼﻠُﻮن ﻋ َ اﻟﻨَّﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﺬﻟﻳﻦ آﻣﻨُﻮا ﺻﻠُﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ِ َّ ِ َ َ ّ َ َ َ ّ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ ِ َ َ ِّ ِ believe! Send ye blessings on him, and salute Him with all ً ِ ْ (٥٦) ‫وﺳﻠﻤﻮا َﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ‬ ُ ِّ َ َ 33:56 ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ َّ ُ َ َ ‫ﻫﻮ اﺬﻟي ﻳُﺼ ِ ّ ﻋﻠَﻴﻜﻢ وﻣﻼ ِﻜﺘُﻪ ُ ﻟِﻴُﺨﺮﺟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈُﻠُﻤﺎت إ‬ ِ ِ َ ّ َ ِ ُ َ َ ِ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ً ِ (٤٣) ‫اﻟﻨُّﻮر وﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨِﲔَ رﺣﻴﻤﺎ‬ ِ ُ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ 33:43

respect. • • Comparison of 2 Ayah Difference between ‫( ﺻﻼة‬salat) and ‫( ﺳﻼم‬salam) regarding the Prophet (pbuh) 4.03 Supplication before Taslim

ْ ً ً ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ آﺗﻨَﺎ ِﰲ اﺪﻟﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﻨَﺔ و ِﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة ﺣﺴﻨَﺔ وﻗﻨَﺎ ﻋﺬاب اﻟﻨَّﺎر‬ ِ َّ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ُّ َ "Our Lord! Give us good In This world and good In the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment of the Fire!" ْ ً ‫ِﰲ‬ ‫آﺗﻨَﺎ‬ ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﺔ‬ ‫اﺪﻟﻧﻴﺎ‬ ِ َّ َ َ َ ُّ َ

‫اﻟﻨَّﺎر‬ ِ

‫ﻋﺬاب‬ َ َ َ

‫وﻗﻨَﺎ‬ ِ َ

ً ‫ﺣﺴﻨَﺔ‬ َ َ

‫و ِﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‬ ِ ِ َ َ

• •

‫ إﻳﺘﺎء‬vs ‫ إﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫ دﻧﻴﺎ‬vs ‫ آﺧﺮة‬ 20

• • •

‫ ‐ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‬meaning, common? ‫ ‐ ﻋﺬاب‬origin and insight into linguistics Redundant in the end?

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ (٤١) ‫رب اﺟﻌﻠﻨِﻲ ﻣﻘ اﻟﺼﻼة وﻣﻦ ذُرﻳﺘﻲ رﺑﻨَﺎ وﺗﻘﺒﻞ دﻋﺎء )٠٤(رﺑﻨَﺎ اﻏﻔﺮ ِ وﻟِﻮاﺪﻟي وﻟِﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨِﲔَ ﻳﻮم ﻳﻘُﻮم اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬ ِ ُ َ َّ َ ِ َ ْ ِ ِ ُ ِّ َ َ ّ َ ِ َ ُ َ ّ َ َ َ َ ّ َ ِ َ ّ ِّ ِ َ ِ َ ّ َ ِ ُ َ ُ َ ََ َ َ 14:40. O My Lord! Make me one who establishes regular prayer, and also (raise such) among My offspring O Our Lord! And Accept Thou My Prayer. 41. "O Our Lord! Cover (Us) with Thy forgiveness ‐ me, My parents, and (all) believers, on the Day that the reckoning will be established! ْ ْ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة‬ ‫ﻣﻘ‬ ‫اﺟﻌﻠﻨِﻲ‬ ‫رب‬ ِ َّ ُِ ِّ َ َ َ

ْ ‫وﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬ َّ َ َ َ

‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‬ َّ َ

‫ذُرﻳﺘﻲ‬ ِ َ ّ ِّ

ْ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ِ َ

‫وﻟِﻮاﺪﻟي‬ َّ َ ِ َ َ

ْ ِ ْ ِ ‫اﻏﻔﺮ‬

‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‬ َّ َ

‫دﻋﺎء‬ ِ َُ

ْ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬ ُ َ ِ ُ

‫ﻳﻘُﻮم‬ َ

ْ ‫ﻳﻮم‬ َ َ

ْ ْ ِ ُ َ َ‫وﻟِﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨِﲔ‬

• • • • • • • ‫( ﺟﻌﻞ‬j’ala) vs ‫( ﺧﻠﻖ‬khalaqa) ‫( إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﻼة‬iqamat‐us‐salah) – implications Why only some? ‫( ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬taqabbal) vs ‫( إﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬istajabah) ّ Attitude of the believer ‫( دﻋﺎء‬dua) vs ‫( ﻧﺪاء‬nida) ‫( واﺪﻟان‬walidan) vs ‫( أﺑﻮان‬abawan)

21

ْ ً ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ً ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َإ ِ ّ ْ ﻇﻠﻤﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻇ ُﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺜﲑاً، وﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ اﺬﻟﻧ ُﻮب إ ّﻻ أ َﻧﺖ، ﻓَﺎﻏﻔﺮ ِ ْ ﻣﻐﻔﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪك وار َ ْﻨِﻲ إﻧَﻚ أ َﻧﺖ اﻟﻐﻔُﻮر اﻟﺮﺣ‬ ِ َ ُ ََ ِ ّ ِ َّ ُ َ َ َ ّ ِ ْ ِ َ ِ َ ُّ ُ ِ َ َ َ ِ ِ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ ُ O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can forgive sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself and have mercy upon me. Surely, You are The Most‐Forgiving, The Most‐Merciful. ً ‫ﻇﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬ ‫وار ﻨﻲ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣ‬ • • • • ‫( ﻇﻠﻢ‬zhulm) – deeper meaning ‫( ﻧﻔﺲ‬nafs) – wordplay ‫( ذﻧﺐ‬dhanb) – deeper meaning Story of this Dua ‫اﺬﻟﻧﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻔﻮر‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻔﺮة‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬ ً ‫ﻛﺜﲑا‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻏﻔﺮ‬ ‫إﻧﻚ‬

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َإ ِ ّ ْ أ َﻋﻮذ ُﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬاب اﻟﻘﱪ،وﻣﻦ ﻋﺬاب ﺟﻬ ّ َ وﻣﻦ ﻓِﺘﻨَﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﺎ واﻟﻤﻤﺎت ،وﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﻓِﺘﻨَﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ اﺪﻟﺟﺎل‬ ِ َ َ َ ِ ِ ّ ِ َّ َّ ِ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِ ُ ِّ َ ِ َ ِ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫وﰲ رواﻳﺔ: اَﻟﻠ ُ ّ َإ ِ ّ أ َﻋﻮذ ُﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺄ َ ِ واﻟﻤ م‬ ِ َ ِ َ َ ِ َ ِ ُ َ َ O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life and death and from the evil affliction of the Al‐Masih Ad‐Dajjal. In one narration (additionally): O Allah, I take refuge in You from sin and debt. ‫ﻋﺬاب‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫أﻋﻮذ ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاب‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﺪﻟﺟﺎل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ‬

22

‫واﻟﻤ م‬

‫اﻟﻤﺄ‬

‫ﻣﻦ‬

‫أﻋﻮذ ﺑﻚ‬

4.04

Taslim

ْ ْ ْ Peace and Allah’s Mercy be on you ‐ ‫اَﻟﺴﻼ َم ﻋﻠَﻴﻜﻢ ور ﺔ ُاﷲ‬ ّ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ َّ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ور ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬

4.05

Supplication and Remembrance after Taslim ‫اﷲ‬

ْ ْ ً I ask Allah for forgiveness ‐ (‫أ َﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ اﷲ )ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‬ َ ُ ِ َ ‫أﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ‬

• ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َأ َﻧﺖ اﻟﺴﻼم، وﻣﻨﻚ اﻟﺴﻼم، ﺗﺒﺎرﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ذا اﻟﺠﻼل واﻹﻛﺮام‬ ِ ّ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ ُ َّ َ ِ َ ُ َّ َ O Allah, You are As‐Salaam and from You is all peace, blessed are You, O Possessor of majesty and honor ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫واﻹﻛﺮام‬ • Attribute of Allah ‫وﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرﻛﺖ‬ What’d I do wrong?

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٰ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ ّ َﻻ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟِﻤﺎ أ َﻋﻄَﻴﺖ وﻻ ﻣﻌﻄﻲ ﻟِﻤﺎ ﻣﻨَﻌﺖ وﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ذا اﻟﺠﺪ ﻣﻨﻚ اﻟﺠﺪ‬ ِ ُ ّ ُ ّ َ َ ِ ِّ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َِ َ O Allah, none can prevent what You have willed to bestow and none can bestow what You have willed to prevent, and no wealth or majesty can benefit anyone, as from You is all wealth and majesty. ‫أﻋﻄﻴﺖ‬ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫وﻻ‬

23

‫اﻟﺠﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻚ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺪ‬

‫ذا‬

ْ ْ ْ ً ْ (‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎن اﷲِ، واﻟﺤﻤﺪ ِﷲِ، واﷲ أ َﻛﱪ ُ)ﺛﻼﺛﺎ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬ َ ُ ّ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٌ‫ﻻ إﻪﻟ إ ّﻻ اﷲ وﺣﺪه ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻪﻟ، ﻪﻟ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ وﻪﻟ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ وﻫﻮ ﻋ ٰ ﻛُﻞ ْ ء ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‬ ِ َ ٍ َ ِّ َِ ِ َ َُ َ ُ َ َُ َ ُ ُ َُ َُ َ ِ َ ُ َ َُ None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and praise and He is over all things omnipotent ‫وﺣﺪه‬ ‫وﻪﻟ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‬ • • • Universal message ‫( ﻣﻠﻚ‬mulk) vs ‫( ﻣﻠﻚ‬milk) ِ ُ Beautiful combination ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻪﻟ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺊ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻪﻟ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫إﻪﻟ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬

24

5
5.01

Qunut

Supplication of Qunut ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠ ُ َاﻧﺎ َﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨُﻚ و َﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮك و ﻧﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻚ و ﻧﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻋﻠَﻴﻚ و ﻧُﺜﻨِﻰ ﻋﻠَﻴﻚ اﻟﺨﲑ و َﺸﻜﺮك و َﻻ ﻧﻜﻔُﺮك و ﻧﺨُﻠَﻊ و ﻧﱰُك ﻣﻦ ﻳﻔﺠﺮك. اﻟﻠ ُ َّاﻳﺎك ﻧﻌﺒﺪ و ﻟَﻚ ﻧُﺼ ِ ّ ْ و َﺴﺠﺪ‬ ِ ّ ُ ُ َ َ َ ُ ُ َّ َّ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ َّ َّ َ ُ ُ ّ َ ُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َََ َ َ ُِ ِ َ َ ُ ِ َ َ َ َِ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ٰ ْ ٰ ْ ‫و اﻟَﻴﻚ َﺴﻌﻰ و ﻧﺤﻔﺪ و ﻧﺮﺟﻮ ر ﺘﻚ و ﻧﺨﺸﻰ ﻋﺬاﺑﻚ ان ﻋﺬاﺑﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎر ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬ ِ ُ ِ َّ ُ ِ َ َ َ َ َّ ِ َ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ ََ َ ُ َ َ ُ ِ َ َ O Allah! We seek Your assistance and ask for Your guidance, and we beseech Your forgiveness and return to You in repentance. We cherish faith in You and place our trust in You. We attribute all goodness to You. We are grateful to You and refuse to be ungrateful to You. We abandon and forsake all those who reject You. O Allah, You alone we worship, unto You alone we pray; unto You alone we prostrate, and for You alone we strive. Unto You alone we flee for refuge. We cherish hope in Your mercy and we fear Your retribution. Verily, Your punishment is bound to catch up with those who reject the truth. ‫و ﻧﺆﻣﻦ‬ ُ ِ َ ْ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ َ َ َ ْ ‫و ﻧﱰُك‬ ُ َ َ ْ ‫ﻧﻌﺒﺪ‬ ُ ُ َ ٰ ْ ‫َﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﻚ‬ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ‫و َﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮك‬ َ ُ ِ َ َ ْ ْ ‫و ﻧُﺜﻨِﻰ‬ َ ‫و ﻧﺨُﻠَﻊ‬ ُ َ َ ‫اﻳﺎك‬ َ َّ ِ ْ ‫و اﻟَﻴﻚ‬ َ ِ َ ٰ ْ ‫و ﻧﺨﺸﻰ‬ َ َ ٌ ْ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬ ِ ُ ْ ْ ‫َﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨُﻚ‬ َ َِ ْ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ َ َ َ ْ ‫و َﻻ ﻧﻜﻔُﺮك‬ َ ُ َ َ َّ َّ ُ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ْ ‫و َﺴﺠﺪ‬ ُ ُ َ ْ ‫ر ﺘﻚ‬ َ ََ َ ْ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎر‬ ِ َّ ُ ِ ‫اﻧﺎ‬ َّ ِ ‫و ﻧﺘﻮﻛﻞ‬ ُ َّ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫و َﺸﻜﺮك‬ َ ُ ُ َ ْ ‫ﻳﻔﺠﺮك‬ َ ُ ُ ّ ْ ّ ‫ﻧﺼ‬ ِ َ ُ ْ ْ ‫و ﻧﺮﺟﻮ‬ ُ َ َ ‫ﻋﺬاﺑﻚ‬ َ َ َ َ َّ َ ُ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬ َ ِ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﺨﲑ‬ َ َ ْ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ َ ‫و ﻟَﻚ‬ َ َ ْ ‫و ﻧﺤﻔﺪ‬ ُ ِ َ َ ‫ان‬ ِ َّ

• • •

‫‘( ﻋﻮن‬awn) vs ‫( ﻧﺼﺮ‬nasr) Complete abandonment 3 Levels: ْ ْ ْ (٣٩) ‫وأَن ﻟَ ﺲ ﻟِﻺ ﺴﺎن إﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﻰ‬ ِِ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ‫واﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻫﺪوا ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻟ ْ ﺪﻳ‬ َّ (٦٩) َ‫َ ُ ِ َ َ َ ِ ّ َ ُﻢ ﺳﺒﻠﻨَﺎ وإن اﷲ ﻟَﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻨِﲔ‬ ِ ُ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َّ ِ َ َ ُ ُ 53:39 29:69

That man can have nothing but what He strives for And those who strive In Our (cause), we will certainly guide them to Our paths: for Verily Allah is with those who do right. O Thou man! Verily Thou art ever toiling on towards Thy Lord‐ painfully toiling, but Thou shalt meet Him.

ْ ْ ٌ (٦) ‫ﻳﺎ أ َ ّ ُ ﺎ اﻹ ﺴﺎن إﻧَﻚ ﻛﺎدح إ َ رﺑﻚ ﻛﺪﺣﺎ ﻓَﻤﻼﻗﻴﻪ‬ ِ ِ ُ ً َ َ ِّ ِ ِ َ َ ُِّ َ َ َ َ

84:6

25

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠَ ُ َّ اﻫﺪ ِ ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ ﻫﺪﻳﺖ، وﻋﺎﻓِﻨِﻲ ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﺎﻓَﻴﺖ، وﺗﻮﻟَّﻨِﻲ ﻓِﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﻟَّﻴﺖ، وﺑﺎرك ِ ﻓِﻴﻤﺎ أﻋﻄَﻴﺖ، وﻗﻨِﻲ ﺷﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﻴﺖ، ﻓَﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ وﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ، إﻧﻪ ُ ﻻ ﻳﺬل ﻣﻦ‬ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َّ ّ ِ َ َ َ ََ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ ُّ ِ َ َ َ ََ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫واﻟَﻴﺖ وﻻ ﻳﻌﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدﻳﺖ ﺗﺒﺎرﻛﺖ رﺑﻨَﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻴﺖ‬ َ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ّ ِ َ َ َ َ َ

O Allah, guide me along with those whom You have guided, pardon me along with those whom You have pardoned, be an ally to me along with those whom You are an ally to and bless for me that which You have bestowed. Protect me from the evil You have decreed for verily You decree and none can decree over You. For surety, he whom You show allegiance to is never abased and he whom You take as an enemy is never honored and mighty. O our Lord, Blessed and Exalted are You. ‫وﻋﺎﻓِﻨِﻲ‬ َ َ ْ ‫ﺗﻮﻟَّﻴﺖ‬ َ ََ ‫وﻗﻨِﻲ‬ ِ َ ْ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬ ِ َ ْ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺗﺒﺎرﻛﺖ‬ َ َ ََ ْ ‫ﻫﺪﻳﺖ‬ َ َ ْ ‫ﻓِﻤﻦ‬ َ ْ ْ ‫أﻋﻄَﻴﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻓَﺈﻧﻚ‬ َ َّ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺬل‬ ُّ ِ َ ْ ‫ﻋﺎدﻳﺖ‬ َ َ َ ْ ‫ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ‬ َ ‫وﺗﻮﻟَّﻨِﻲ‬ ََ َ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ َ ْ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ َ َ َ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻌﺰ‬ ُّ ِ َ َ َ ْ ‫و ﺗﻌﺎﻟَﻴﺖ‬ َ ََ َ ْ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺖ‬ َ َ َ َّ ُ ‫إﻧﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ َ ْ ِ ِ ‫اﻫﺪ‬ ْ ‫ﻋﺎﻓَﻴﺖ‬ َ َ َّ َّ ُ ‫اﻟﻠ‬ ْ ‫ﻓِﻴﻤﻦ‬ َ ِ ْ ‫وﺑﺎرك‬ ِ َ َ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ َّ َ ْ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ‬ َ ُ َ ْ ‫واﻟَﻴﺖ‬ َ َ ‫رﺑﻨَﺎ‬ َّ َ

•

Singular vs Plural

26

6
6.01

Supplemental Material
A Study of the Hadith Qudsi: Surah al‐Fatihah

: ‫ﻋﻦ أﻲﺑ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل : ﻌﺖ رﺳﻮل اﷲ - ﺻ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ - ﻳﻘﻮل : ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎ‬ Narrated Abu Hurayrah: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) declare that Allah the Exalted had said: I have divided the prayer into two halves between Me and My slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for. • Salat = Fatihah When the slave says: Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, Allah the Most High says: My slave has praised Me. • • • Relationship of Rab and ‘abd ‫ ‐ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ‬the most perfect, complete, exclusive, timeless, limitless, natural, emphatic, and heartfelt method of praising Allah And when he (the slave) says: The Most Compassionate, the Merciful, Allah the Most High says: My slave has lauded Me. • • • Meaning of Rahman and Rahim Benefits of Sequence Meaning of Thana ، ‫وإذا ﻗﺎل : ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻮم اﺪﻟﻳﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎل : ﻣﺠﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ﻣﺮة : ﻓﻮض إ ﻋﺒﺪي‬ ، ‫وإذا ﻗﺎل : اﻟﺮ ﻦ اﻟﺮﺣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎ : أﺛﻨﻰ ﻋ ﻋﺒﺪي‬ ‫ ﺪ‬vs ‫ ﻣﺪح‬and ‫ ﺷﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻟﺼﻼة ﺑﻴﻨﻲ وﺑﲔ ﻋﺒﺪي ﻧﺼﻔﲔ وﻟﻌﺒﺪي ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄل‬

، ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﺒﺪ : اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎ : ﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي‬

When he (the slave) says: Master of the Day of Judgment, He remarks: My slave has glorified Me, and in a narration He says: My slave entrusted (his affairs) to Me. • • • • 2 recitations: ‫ ﻣﻠﻚ‬and ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ Meaning of Din Meaning of Tamjid and progression of praise and glorification A lesson about praise

When he (the worshipper) says: Thee do we worship and of Thee do we ask help, He (Allah) says: This is between Me and My slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for. • Transition to 2nd person

، ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺎل : إﻳﺎك ﻧﻌﺒﺪ وإﻳﺎك ﺴﺘﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل : ﻫﺬا ﺑﻴﻨﻲ وﺑﲔ ﻋﺒﺪي وﻟﻌﺒﺪي ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄل‬ 27

• • •

Plural form First worship then assistance Repetition ، ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺎل : اﻫﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﺼﺮاط اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘ‬ ، ‫ﺻﺮاط اﺬﻟﻳﻦ أﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻢ ، ﻏﲑ اﻟﻤﻐﻀﻮب ﻋﻠ ﻢ وﻻ اﻟﻀﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل : ﻫﺬا ﻟﻌﺒﺪي وﻟﻌﺒﺪي ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄل‬

Then, when he (the worshipper) says: Guide us to the straight path, the path of those to whom Thou hast been Gracious‐‐not of those who have incurred Thy displeasure, nor of those who have gone astray, He (Allah) says: This is for My slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for. • Correlation between Rab and Hidayah • Meaning of Sirat • Importance and Etiquette of Dua • Necessity of good leadership and role‐models • Harm of evil leadership and negative role‐models • Essence of evil and its manifestation in people • Names of Fatihah in Qur’an and Sunnah: o o o • ‫ أم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬The Mother of the Book ّ ‫ أم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬The Mother of the Quran ّ

‫ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﺎ‬The Seven Repeatedly Recited Ayat

Summary of the Surah

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: While Gabriel was sitting with ‫ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل : ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ - ﺻ اﷲ‬ the Prophet of Allah (pbuh) he heard a creaking sound above ً him. He lifted his head and said: This is a gate opened in ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ - ﻊ ﻧﻘﻴﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ - أي ﺻﻮﺗﺎ ﻛﺼﻮت اﻟﺒﺎب إذا ﻓﺘﺢ - ﻓﺮﻓﻊ‬ heaven today which had never been opened before. Then when an angel descended through it, he said: This is an angel ‫رأﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎل : ﻫﺬا ﺑﺎب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻴﻮم ، ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻗﻂ إﻻ اﻟﻴﻮم ، ﻓﻨﺰل ﻣﻨﻪ‬ who came down to the earth who had never come down ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺎل : ﻫﺬا ﻣﻠﻚ ﻧﺰل إ اﻷرض ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺰل ﻗﻂ إﻻ اﻟﻴﻮم ، ﻓﺴﻠَﻢ وﻗﺎل : أ‬ ّ before. He greeted and said: Rejoice in two lights given to you َ َ which have not been given to any prophet before you: Fatihat al‐Kitab and the concluding verses of Surah al‐Baqarah. You will ‫ﺑﻨﻮرﻳﻦ أوﺗﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆ ﻤﺎ ﻧﺒﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻚ ، ﻓﺎﺗﺤﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وﺧﻮاﺗ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬ ْ never recite a letter from them for which you will not be given (‫، ﻟﻦ ﺗﻘﺮأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣ ﻤﺎ إﻻ أُﻋﻄﻴﺘﻪ )رواه ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ َ ِ (a reward).

28

6.02

A Study of the Concluding Ayat of Surah al‐Baqarah 2:284‐286

ْ ْ ْ ْ 284. To Allah belongeth all that is In the heavens and on earth. ْ ْ ْ ‫ِﷲِ ﻣﺎ ِﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎوات وﻣﺎ ِﰲ اﻷرض وإن ﺗُﺒﺪوا ﻣﺎ ﰲ أَﻧﻔُﺴﻜﻢ أَو ﺗﺨﻔﻮه‬ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ َ ُ ُ َ َ ِ َ َ َّ َ َّ Whether ye Show what is In your minds or conceal it, Allah ُ ُ ُ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ calleth you to account for it. He forgiveth whom He pleaseth, ‫ﻳﺤﺎﺳﺒﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ اﷲ ﻓﻴﻐﻔﺮ ﻟِﻤﻦ ﺸﺎء وﻳﻌﺬب ﻣﻦ ﺸﺎء واﷲ ﻋ ﻛﻞ ْ ء ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‬ ٌ ِ ٍ ِ َ ُ َ َ ِ ّ ُ َ َ ُ َ ّ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ِّ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ِ َ َ ُ َ ّ ِ ِ ُ and punisheth whom He pleaseth, for Allah hath power over all things. (٢٨٤) • • • True belief in Allah Accountability Eloquence

ٌ ْ ْ ْ 285. The Messenger believeth In what hath been revealed to ْ ْ ‫آﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﺑﻤﺎ أُﻧﺰل إﻟَﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ رﺑﻪ واﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨُﻮن ﻛُﻞ آﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲِ وﻣﻼ ِﻜﺘﻪ وﻛُﺘُﺒﻪ‬ ِِ َ ِِ َ َ ّ ِ َ َ ّ َ ِ ُ َ ِ ِّ َ ِ ِ ِ َ ِ َ ِ ُ ُ َ ّ َ َ َ َ Him from His Lord, As do the men of Faith. Each one (of them) ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ believeth In Allah, His angels, His books, and His apostles. "We ‫ورﺳﻪﻠِ ﻻ ﻧﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ أَﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻪﻠِ وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ِﻌﻨﺎ وأَﻃﻌﻨﺎ ﻏﻔﺮاﻧﻚ رﺑﻨﺎ وإﻟﻴﻚ‬ ُِ ُ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ِ ُ ُ ِ ٍ َ َ َ ُ ّ ِ َ ُ make no distinction (They say) between one and another of His ْ apostles." and They say: "We hear, and we obey: (We seek) Thy (٢٨٥)ُ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﲑ‬ ِ َ forgiveness, Our Lord, and to Thee is the end of all journeys." • Authority of the Prophet • • • • Necessity of following Sunnah Completion of Faith Walking the Talk Eloquence

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ 286. On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than it can ْ ً ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ اﷲ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ إﻻ وﺳﻌﻬﺎ ﻬﻟﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ وﻋﻠَ ْ ﺎ ﻣﺎ اﻛ َﺴﺒﺖ رﺑﻨَﺎ ﻻ ﺗُﺆاﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬ َ ِ َ َّ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ّ ُ ِّ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ِ bear. It gets every good that it earns, and it suffers every ill that َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ it earns. (Pray:) "Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget or fall ‫إن َﺴﻴﻨﺎ أَو أَﺧﻄَﺄﻧﺎ رﺑﻨﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ إﺻﺮً ا ﻛﻤﺎ ﻠﺘﻪ ﻋ اﺬﻟﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ‬ َّ ِ َ َ َ ِ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َ َ ُ َ ََ َ َ َ ِ ِ into error; Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ Thou Didst Lay on those before us; Our Lord! Lay not on us a ‫رﺑﻨﺎ وﻻ ﺗُﺤﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟَﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ واﻋﻒ ﻋﻨَّﺎ واﻏﻔﺮ ﻟَﻨﺎ وار َ ْﻨﺎ أَﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ‬ َ َ َ َ ِّ َ َ َ َ ِ ِ َ ََ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ِ َ َ ُ burden greater than we have strength to bear. Blot out Our ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺼ‬ (٢٨٦) ‫َ ﺮﻧﺎ ﻋ َ اﻟﻘﻮ ِم اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬ sins, and grant us Forgiveness. Have Mercy on us. Thou art Our َ َ َ ُ َ ِِ َ Protector; help us against those who stand against faith." • Divine Mercy • • • • • • Perfection of Divine Decree and Law Ultimate Justice 3 Supplications of Ease 3 Supplications of Pardon Complete Devotion Symmetry and Eloquence of Qur’an and Sunnah

29

6.03

A Study of the Supplication of Istakharah

ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل : ﻛﺎن رﺳﻮل اﷲِ ﺻ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻨَﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺎرة ِﰲ اﻷُﻣﻮر ﻛُﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻨَﺎ اﻟﺴﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘُﺮآن ﻳﻘﻮل : إذَا َ أَﺣﺪﻛُﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻓَﻠﲑﻛﻊ‬ َ َ ِ َ ِ ٍِ َ َ َّ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َّ ُ ُ َ ِ َ َ ُّ َ َ َ ِ ُ ِّ َ ُ َ َ َ ِّ ِ ُ ُ ِّ َ ُ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ : ‫رﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ ُ ﻟِﻴﻘﻞ‬ ُ َ َّ ِ َ ِ َ ِ َ ِ ِ َ َ َ Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: The Prophet (pbuh) used to teach us the way of doing Istikharah in all matters as he would teach us the Surah of the Quran. He said, "If anyone of you is concerned about an issue he should offer a two Raka’ah prayer other than the compulsory ones and say: O Allah! I ask guidance from Your knowledge And Power from Your Might and I ask for Your great blessings You are capable and I am not You know and I do not and You know the unseen O Allah! If You know that this issue * is good for my religion and my subsistence and in my Hereafter or said: If it is better for my present and later needs Then You ordain it for me and make it easy for me, And then bless me in it and if You know that this issue * is harmful to me in my religion and subsistence and in the Hereafter or said: If it is worse for my present and later needs Then keep it away from me and let me be away from it And ordain for me whatever is good for me And make me satisfied with it * ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠَ ُ َّإ ِ ّ أَﺳﺘﺨﲑُك ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻚ‬ ّ َ ِ ِِ َ ِ َ ْ ْ ْ ‫وأَﺳﺘﻘﺪرك ﺑﻘﺪرﺗﻚ‬ َ ِ َ ُ ِ َ ُ ِ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ َ ِ َ َ ِ ِ ‫وأَﺳﺄَﻟُﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓَﻀﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻈ‬ َ ْ ْ ‫ﻓَﺈﻧَﻚ ﺗﻘﺪر وﻻ أَﻗﺪر‬ ِ ُ ِ َ ُ َ َ ِّ ْ ْ ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻢ وﻻ أَﻋﻠﻢ‬ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ‫وأَﻧﺖ ﻋﻼم اﻟﻐُﻴﻮب‬ ِ ُ ُ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠَ ُ َّإن ﻛُﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ أَن ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ * ﺧﲑ ِ ِﰲ دﻳﻨِﻲ وﻣﻌﺎ ِ وﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ أَﻣﺮي‬ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ِ ّ ِ َِِ َ َ َ ََ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ِ‫أَو ﻗﺎل : ﻋﺎﺟﻞ أَﻣﺮي وآﺟﻪﻠ‬ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫ﻓَﺎﻗﺪره ِ و َﺮﺴه ِ ُ ﺑﺎرك ِ ﻓِﻴﻪ‬ ِ ِ َ َ ّ ُ ِّ َ ُ ُ ْ ْ ْ ٌ ْ ْ ‫اﻟﻠَ ُ َّوإن ﻛُﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﻠَﻢ أَن ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ * ﺷﺮ ِ ﰲ دﻳﻨِﻲ وﻣﻌﺎ ِ وﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ أَﻣﺮي‬ َ َ َ َّ ِ ِ ّ َ ِ َ ّ ِ َِِ َ َ ََ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ْ ِ‫أَو ﻗﺎل : ﻋﺎﺟﻞ أَﻣﺮي وآﺟﻪﻠ‬ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ َ َ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ِ َ ُ ‫ﻓَﺎﺻﺮﻓﻪ ُﻋﻨِّﻲ واﺻﺮﻓﻨِﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬ َ َ ِ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ ‫واﻗﺪر ِ اﻟﺨﲑ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن‬ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ‫ُ ارﺿﻨِﻲ ﺑﻪ * )و ِﰲ رواﻳﺔ( ُ رﺿﻨِﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ِ ِ ِّ َ ّ ِ َّ َ ِ ِ َ

*The Prophet said that the person supplicating should mention his need here. • • • • • • Meaning of Istikharah Method of Istikharah Necessity of Istikharah Spriritual Benefits Beauty of the Supplication Related Issues

30