...corporate social reporting The case of Malaysia Azlan Amran School of Management, University Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, and 386 S. Susela Devi Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the influence of government and foreign affiliates, particularly; multinational companies on corporate social reporting (CSR) development in an economy, where CSR awareness is low coupled with weak pressure group activism. Design/methodology/approach – This is a cross sectional study that focuses on the information contained in the annual reports for year 2002/2003. This research uses content analysis as method to measure the extent CSR. Findings – Based on regression analysis, the study evidences on the impact of government influence. However, the impact of foreign affiliation variables is not evident. Institutionalisation of the government’s aspirations and commitment to CSR is perhaps the most appropriate description for Malaysian CSR practice. Research limitations/implications – There are two main limitations of this study. Firstly, this study examines the annual reports for one year. Secondly, this study is annual reports centric. It does not examine any other stand alone reports that the respondents might have produced on the subject of society and the environment. Practical implications – This study provides justification for government’s role in promoting CSR practice. The impact is evidenced...
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...restored democracy do not always live up to the ideal. They are hobbled by stringent laws, monopolistic ownership, and sometimes, the threat of brute force. State controls are not the only constraints. Serious reporting is difficult to sustain in competitive media markets that put a premium on the shallow and sensational. Moreover, the media are sometimes used as proxies in the battle between rival political groups, in the process sowing divisiveness rather than consensus, hate speech instead of sober debate, and suspicion rather than social trust. In these cases, the media contribute to public cynicism and democratic decay. Still, in many fledgling democracies, the media have been able to assert their role in buttressing and deepening democracy. Investigative reporting, which in some cases has led to the ouster of presidents and the fall of corrupt governments, has made the media an effective and credible watchdog and boosted its credibility among the public. Investigative reporting has also helped accustom officials to an inquisitive press and helped build a culture of openness and disclosure that has made democratically elected governments more accountable. Training for journalists, manuals that arm reporters with research tools, and awards for investigative reporting have helped create a corps of independent investigative journalists in several new and restored...
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...Internal Hiring Process Lydia Merrett American Intercontinental University MGMT 335 Lillian Lynn April 26, 2015 Hiring Process This paper will discuss company guidelines in regards to hiring internal candidates within their organization. It will disclose governmental legislation in regards to fair hiring practices. The advantages and disadvantages of the legislation and the company parameters in regards to the legislation for the company’s hiring practices. Acme Manufacturing Acme Mfg. has an open position for a District Manager and wants to fill the position with internal candidates only. The company would like for the potential candidate to have the following qualifications in order to be considered for the position. The internal candidate must have a four-year degree, advanced computer software skills, advanced spreadsheet and reporting metrics, along with previous sales and marketing experience. The internal candidate also should have been in their current position for at least a year in order to be considered for the open position. Legislation There are several laws that prohibit discrimination within the work place. Acme Mfg. must ensure that all potential candidates are treated fairly and without any prejudice in regards to race, gender, religion, and national origin. The federal laws that the company must consider and adhere to are the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (VII); this law prohibits a company to display employment discrimination based on race, color, religion...
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...Cultural Sensitivity and the Health Practices in Dominican Republic Manoucheka Chery Grand Canyon University: NUR-502 May 7, 2014 Cultural Sensitivity and the Health Practices in Dominican Republic The demographics of the United States is changing to one that is multicultural, multiethnic, and multilingual. Culture is a vital component in the health and wellness of individuals. Culture affects individuals' beliefs, definition of health, treatments, and interaction with healthcare providers. These beliefs may affect the patient’s compliance with medication or therapy. In order to address the diverse beliefs of today’s population the advance practice nurse must be culturally competent. Barker and DeNisco (2013) defined cultural competence as a “compilation of the clinical skills and professional behavior of a healthcare provider focused on the cultural values, beliefs, and perceptions of the consumer while both are engaged in the therapeutic relationship” (p.486). According to Higgins and Learn (1999), the Hispanic population includes a diversity of subgroups. Although each subgroup shares a common language, “they differ in traditions and customs” (Higgins & Learn p. 1105). This paper will focus on Hispanics residing in rural Dominican Republican. According to Schumacher (2010), the number of Hispanics immigrating and living in the United States is rapidly increasing. “Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born Hispanics from the Dominican Republic (DR) in the...
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...Nicole DeMase Emerging Standards of Care Paper December 15, 2014 Donna Rose Nur/531 Emerging Standards of Care Paper A growing problem in the United States is the increase in health disparities amongst minorities regardless that the United States is a multicultural country. This problem is due to the poor quality and accessibility of health care services. As the population of diversity continues to grow rapidly so does the importance of cultural competence in healthcare. Cultural competence is a set of behaviors, attitudes, and skills that enables nurses to work effectively in cross-cultural situations ("Cultural Competence", 2014). Organizations must have the capacity to value diversity, conduct self-assessment, manage the dynamics of difference, institutionalize cultural knowledge and adapt to the diversity and the cultural context of the communities they serve. The Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (OMHSAS) stated that inequities in service delivery and care in the health care system are associated with discrimination, and a lack of culturally competent practices, including a lack of cultural awareness and sensitivity by health care providers (Upsher, n.d). Substance abuse is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences ("The Science Of Drug Abuse And Addiction: The Basics", 2014). This paper will discuss and define the appropriateness of competent...
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...Speech “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” - Martin Luther King Jr. This speech will be about discrimination, prejudice and fair behaviour. The speech will contain all of the information needed to cover LO1. The first thing first, no one is born racist. You can learn to be racist in the environment and society that you live in. It also depends on how your parents make you grow up. Prejudice is kind of attitude involving the rejection of something or someone without reasonable grounds for it. In many cases the prejudice is based up on stereotyping. Type of the prejudice can based up on different numbers of factors such as your age, disability or race. Under the equality act 2010 it is illegal to make someone less favourable because of his age. There are some exceptions such as the wages. For different age groups there are different salary at ages sixteen, eighteen and twenty-one. Example – An elderly man (70 years old) is working as a teacher in local college. Because his experience and years of good work there he cannot be removed from the college by his manager if the job his doing is outstanding. But on his place there are some other people with less experience but much younger than him. That means he is blocking the place where other educate person could get this place. Stereotyping When prejudice...
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...in my community is limited, the lack of diversity causes many of the citizens of my community to be unfamiliar with other races and cultures which leads to ignorance, which leads to discrimination. I have lived in Galion, OH for almost three months. Galion is a small city about one and a half hours from the state capital of Columbus. The racial differences that are so different in this amount of a distance are profound. On numerous occasions I have encountered racism, bigotry, and intolerance directed toward various minority groups. The vast majority of people in my community are very similar to me in appearance. The population is primarily made up of Non-Hispanic Whites. The people of my town are not exposed to many races or ethnic groups, there is very little diversity; in contrast, Columbus has a much greater minority population, which I believe is the reason for the noticeable differences discrimination and bigotry. See Figure 1 below. [pic] As Figure 1 shows my community is basically 100% white. As of the year 2011, Non-Hispanic Whites totaled 96.1% of the population, the largest minority, two or more races, only totaled 2.5%; compared to Columbus, as of the year 2011, Non-Hispanic Whites totaled 62.1% of the population, while the largest minority group is Blacks which account for 25.7% of the total population of the city (City-Data.com, 2011). While both cities show very low diversity, Galion has virtually no minorities living in the city. This lack...
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...“Ethnicity is still too often portrayed by the mass media in ways that reinforce stereotypes” To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? A stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing, these can be gender specific or towards a specific race. Stuart Hall (1978) conducted research and found that between August 1972 and August 1973 there were at least reports of 60 muggings in national newspapers and that there had been a reported increase of 129%. He states that the media was attempting to cause a moral panic to create fear in the public and Black people were the folk devils in which the moral panic was based around. He argues two reasons for the cause of this moral panic: The state and the ruling class were suffering a ‘crisis of hegemony’ and that there was a decline in the dominance of the ruling class due to ‘Black Power’ demonstrations, the oil crisis and strikes and power cuts. The second reason was the ruling classes needed to regain control and making mugging a moral panic achieved this by portraying violent crimes as a threat to society, which lead to the justified use of a police crackdown, muggers were portrayed as black and justified the targeting of black people by police. Hall also explains how the labelling of black people as criminals then leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy as they are stopped and searched more and arrested more, making them appear in official statistics...
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...Human Rights and the Millennium Development Goals in Practice: A review of country strategies and reporting UNITED NATIONS Human Rights and the Millennium Development Goals in Practice: A review of country strategies and reporting UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2010 Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. HR/PUB/10/1 © 2010 United Nations All worldwide rights reserved Credits Photographs: Goal 1: photo by Adam Rogers/UNCDF; Goal 2: © International Labour Organization/ G. Cabrera; Goal 3: photo by Adam Rogers/UNCDF; Goal 4: © UNICEF Armenia/2007/Igor Dashevskiy; Goal 5: © International Labour Organization/E. Gianotti; Goal 6: © World Lung Foundation/ Thierry Falise; Goal 7: © International Labour Organization/M. Crozet; Goal 8: © International Labour Organization/M. Crozet. About the publication This publication builds on a series of country and thematic background studies commissioned for the regional “Dialogues for Action: Human Rights and MDGs”, which took place in...
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...Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Therapy Paper Dindy Williams BSHS/312 APRIL 4, 2011 Sharla Hansen Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Therapy Paper The Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Systems was developed in an attempt to bridge the gap between research, theory and practice. The model, together with the assessment tools developed to use with it, are specially designed to assess the functionality of families and develop a treatment plan. The hypothesis of the Circumplex Model is that balanced couple and family systems tend to function better than unbalanced systems. Cohesion, flexibility, and communication are the three dimensions of the Circumplex model. These dimensions were the ones most commonly used out of a cluster of over 50 different concepts describing marital and family structure. A variety of other family models independently focused on similar variables relating to cohesion, flexibility, and communication. These models have been developed in the past 25 years by theorists using a family systems perspective. The theorists concluded that these dimensions were critical to treating families. “Family cohesion is defined as the emotional bonding that family members have towards one another” (Olsen, D. H., 2000, May). Emotional bonding, boundaries, coalitions, time space, friends, decision making, interests, and recreation are some of the concepts used to measure the degree of cohesion within the Circumplex Model. The focus of cohesion is how...
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...Diversity in the Workplace The United States is facing the need to provide nursing care to an increasing diverse patient population with a nursing workforce that, in itself, is impacted by generational, ethnic and gender differences. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of diversity in the workplace and delivering culturally competent nursing care, the impact of gender diversity, and the misrepresentation of minorities in the nursing profession. Importance of diversity in the workplace America is a kaleidoscope of cultures, religions, races, and nationalities. The USA Quick Facts from the US Census Bureau shows the following 2011 population statistics: White 63.4%, Hispanic/Latino 16.7%, Black/Afro-American 13.1%, Asian 5.0%, American Indian & Alaska Native 1.2%, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders. 0.2%. In 2012 minority population increased to 37% and is projected that minorities will be the majority by 2043. Mason, Leavitt & Chaffee (2012) pointed out that as our population “continues to grow and increase its diversity, it is important that the nursing workforce reflect these changes to effectively meet patient care needs and ensure cultural competency” (p. 378). Cultural assessments must be part of the nurse’s health assessment. To be culturally competent nurses need to be aware of their own culture, and the diverse culture of their colleagues and patient populations (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Culturally competent nursing care is important...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...the success and profitability of a company and is good for society. Funco Toy World Incorporated (Funco) is a toy store that operates in the United States. After extensive research the owners of Funco decided to expand into China. According to Orfield (2006) in 2002, for the first time, China attracted more foreign investment than the United States. The world’s fastest-growing economy is the second largest behind the United States, and by mid-century, it is expected [The passive voice is a form of "be" (is) and a participle (expected). Over-use of the passive voice can make paragraphs officious and tedious to read. Try to use the active voice most often; for example, passive voice = The paper was completed on time. Active voice = the student completed the paper on time--(Note: the Plain Writing Act of 2010 makes avoidance of the passive voice in official writing a requirement for government employees)] to be number one. “The moral challenge is even more intense for multinational companies who need to live up to moral expectations both in the US and in host foreign countries. In developed countries, the moral expectations of the host country are as stringent as our own. With third world host countries, though, the moral expectations often more lax, and multinationals are tempted to lower their...
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...older suffer from a diagnosed mental disorder in a given year (Kessler,Chiu, Walters, & Demler, 2005). The aforementioned statistics reflect those that have sought or been forced into treatment. There are many left uncounted due to lack of access and ineffective treatment secondary to a number of reasons. Considering history, discrimination, personal perception, socioeconomic status, educational backgrounds and a host of other reasons many minority groups are reluctant to seek out treatment in what many may consider a system of mental health created and sustained primarily for the middle and upper-class White America. In fact, 60 percent of people with mental illnesses do not receive treatment (Kessler et al., 2005). The purpose of this paper is to discuss mental health care disparities in minority populations within American society, and to suggest some needed changes to close the gap in America. One quarter of all Americans meet the criteria for having a mental illness and a quarter of those have a disorder that significantly disrupts their ability to function day to day, according to the Department of Health and Human Services (2001). A citizen’s inability to work and function weighs heavy on the productivity of the entire society. The World Health Organization has reported that 4 of the 10 leading causes of disability in the United States are mental disorders (2001). According to Drake, Skinner,...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The auditing standard and guidelines of 1980 (U.K) defines internal control “as the whole system of controls, financial and otherwise, established by the management in order to carry on the business of the enterprise in an orderly and efficient manner, ensure adherence to management policies, safeguard and assets and secure as far as possible the completeness and accuracy of the records”. This working definition is all embracing enough to serve as a guide throughout this chapter. The system of internal control extends beyond financial matters of an organization, in that human resource control, production control, work study and scheduling, operations research, quality control, total quality management, audit committee, corporate governance and all security arrangements among others are integral part of the system of control. Even a recent development in accountancy profession called ‘forensic accounting’ could be traced to have emanated from the system of internal control in an effort to produce accounting information “suitable for use in a court of law”. Invariably, forensic accounting is increasingly playing more pro-active risk reduction roles by designing and performing extended procedures as part of audit, control measures and fraud deterrence. Therefore, internal control system is concerned with the controls operating in every area of an establishment as well as with the way in which Individual control interact...
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