...Certified Public Accountant Process Jenna M. Stienstra Southwest Tech Abstract A certified public accountant (CPA) is an individual who has passed the very difficult CPA Exam and been licensed by one of the 50 United States or one of five other jurisdictions. The CPA license is renewed if the individuals continue to follow the state's requirements, including professional education credits. Following the process, knowing the salary difference, and understanding what CPAs do from day-to-day are all important factors. Many changes are being made to the CPA Exam in the near future, so individuals who are planning to take the exam should be aware of the changes that will be incorporated into the upcoming versions. Keywords: CPA, process, advantages and disadvantages, exam, license, salary. CPA Process Anyone who has known a CPA has probably heard how much he/ she had to study and how difficult it was to obtain a CPA license. However, even though it takes additional college education and studying to pass the CPA Exam, it is worth the effort because of the promotions, increased pay, and more credibility that are given to individuals with a CPA license. The CPA Exam is not like any other exam, and the profession does have its pros and cons, just like any other business. What is the CPA Process? Becoming a CPA requires the individual to follow four steps in a sequence. First, the person must graduate from high school. Having a General Education Development (GED) is...
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...Simulation Review University of Phoenix HCS/405 Health care organizations, particularly hospitals face increasing problems managing cash flow due to changes in billing procedures and the economic climate. Research quoted in Fierce Healthcare Finance showed that hospitals are using investment cash flow, normally reserved for capital expenses, to pay for operating expenses. In a study quoted by Fierce Healthcare Finance (Ziegler, 2008) the depth of the problem becomes apparent “Between 2004 and 2007, the 170 hospitals studied by Best allocated a steadily greater portion of their invested assets to cash and short-term investments, climbing from 27 percent in 2005 to 31.1 percent in 2007.”With reduced funds available for capital expenses, it becomes difficult for hospitals to keep up with technology and to thrive. Elijah Heart Center is facing the financial dilemma common in specialized health care organizations, the combination of the need for improved technology, reduced income, and the demand for expansion. Without the needed technology and expansion, there little the hospital can do to improve income. The financial situation requires a combination of strategies to reduce costs and to make the wisest choices regarding acquiring needed technologies and expansion. Phase I: Capital Shortage The goal is to save $900,00 for the first year and to help improve the cash flow problem that Elijah Heart Center is experiencing. The hospital can select two cost cutting options...
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... ………………………………………………………… 1 1.1. Customer Analysis ………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2. Coverage …………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.3. Premium …………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.4. Benefits …………………………………………………………………………… 2 1.4.1. Annuity ……………………………………………………………………… 2 1.4.2. Death Benefit ………………………………………………………………… 2 1.4.3. Optional Supplementary Benefits …………………………………………… 2 1.5. Special case (of Prof. Ma) ………………………………………………………… 3 Assumptions …………………………………………………………………………… 3 2.1. Mortality Rate ……………………………………………………………………… 3 2.2. Interest Rate ……………………………………………………………………… 4 2.3. Investment Rate …………………………………………………………………… 4 2.4. Operational Cost …………………………………………………………………… 5 Methodology …………………………………………………………………………… 5 3.1. Basic Premium Pricing: Equivalence Principle …………………………………… 5 3.2. Percentile Premium Principle under Normal Approximation ……………………… 6 3.3. Simulation …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Product Management ………………………………………………………………… 7 4.1. Projected Cash Flow ………………………………………………………………… 7 4.2. Risk Management …………………………………………………………………… 8 4.2.1. Method I:...
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...Applying Ethical Codes: Case studies Case Study 1 George Babbage is an experienced software developer working for Acme Software Company. Mr. Babbage is now working on a project for the U.S. Department of Defense, testing the software used in controlling an experimental jet fighter. George is the quality control manager for the software. Early simulation testing revealed that, under certain conditions, instabilities would arise that could cause the plane to crash. The software was patched to eliminate the specific problems uncovered by the tests. After these repairs, the software passed all the simulation tests. George is not convinced that the software is safe. He is worried that the problems uncovered by the simulation testing were symptomatic of a design flaw that could only be eliminated by an extensive redesign of the software. He is convinced that the patch that was applied to remedy the specific tests in the simulation did not address the underlying problem. But, when George brings his concerns to his superiors, they assure him that the problem has been resolved. They further inform George that any major redesign effort would introduce unacceptable delays, resulting in costly penalties to the company. There is a great deal of pressure on George to sign off on the system and to allow it to be flight tested. It has even been hinted that, if he persists in delaying the system, he will be fired. What should George do next? Case Study 1: Relevant Clauses Principle...
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...Developing Negotiation Skills in the Classroom: A Case Simulation Maureen Hannay Troy University ABSTRACT Effective negotiation skills are required in all positions and at all levels of modern organizations. Employees in the human resources department utilize these skills on a daily basis when they deal with such items as new hire packages, salary increases, performance issues, labor contracts, and terminations. Research indicates that by using practical, real-life simulated negotiation scenarios, learners can develop more effective negotiating skills. This paper introduces a case where students can be assigned to a management team or a union team to negotiate a mock collective bargaining agreement. Guidance is provided on how to apply the case in the classroom and facilitate the discussion at the conclusion of the exercise. INTRODUCTION Employees in every organization utilize negotiating skills on a daily basis. From negotiating deadlines and workloads to prices of supplies and contracts with unions, negotiations range from the small and mundane to the large and exceptional. A company with effective negotiating capabilities can gain a competitive advantage, reduce costs, increase profits and improve relationships (Masters, Albright & Irr, 2003). When identifying the ten managerial roles that leaders perform to accomplish organizational objectives, Mintzberg (1973) classified the role of “Negotiator” as one of the essential decisional roles that must be executed by managers...
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...real-time setting that allows for helping to create a supply chain that meet customer demands for products with the lowest operating costs and lowest inventory levels. The simulation gives students an opportunity to design and manage the supply chain of stores that sell Crunch Candy and Just Born Candy. During the simulation experience, students create products, facilities, vehicles and routes while attempting to control delivery frequency and forecast demand. To manage the collaborative supply chain successfully, students must create a supply chain that is flexible enough to react quickly to fluctuating demand. This is accomplished by defining products according to the needs of facilities and creating vehicles to move products between these facilities i.e. road, rail, air or water. A simulation is conducted that provides data showing where the operation breaks, where products accumulate or runs out, what your operating cost are etc. The simulation is repeated over an eight week period allowing students an opportunity to refine their decision processes after learning from the feedback they receive as a result of attempting to have the system run successfully 20 or more days without a break or until you reach your desired results. II. Overview of Collaborative Supply Chain At the start of the case study, both companies operate their own supply chains. By simulating the operations of these supply chains, it allows you to see the combined costs and the amounts of inventory...
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...of the top most domestic private limited banks in Bangladesh having 24 hours internet banking facility. Each and every year it has a huge turn over. To maintain continuous customer satisfaction and make profit, round the clock it has to compete all other banks and financial organization including some leading organization like City Bank Ltd. HSBC, Brac Bank Ltd. Duch Bangla Bank Ltd. Etc. Probably that’s why EBL always try to go through a rigorous recruiting and selection process. They are keen to find out the exact person for the exact position for its near about 34 branches throughout the country. This rigorous process include employment test taken by Institute of Business Administration (IBA), strict reference checking, performance simulation tests and many more. Applicant those who can overcome all the rigorous part of the total...
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...Decision to Pursue an MBA Dexter G. Ronquillo MGT/521 18 July 2010 Kate Stowe At present, I am the Detachment Leading Petty Officer in my division. My job involves a lot of planning and deals mostly with administrative side of the house. My division is the one in charge of supporting various squadrons with high priority missions in various locations. As the Detachment LPO, it is my duty to make sure that the equipments we are sending out in different sites will perform according to what they are designed for and will last throughout the entire deployment. In view of the fact that there are only few personnel who can go and perform maintenance on the equipments, plus, there is only limited parts and supplies that goes with it, I have to make sure that all necessary maintenance, scheduled or unscheduled, are conducted prior to shipping the gears. That involves the planning that I mentioned earlier, which is new to me because this is my first time to have such type of responsibility for I am working on a different level in my previous command. I also have to deal with my chain of command more often at this moment because I report to them directly. We always have meetings and conferences. The higher ups are always discussing wide scope of projects, budgets, and a lot of administrative matters. Most of the time, I cannot understand the way their communication goes because of lack of business or administrational background. With this abrupt change...
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...Inadequate record keeping and a lack of effective planning ultimately lead to poor financial results. It is vital that owners and managers of businesses recognise the indications of potential difficulties. Remedial action can then be taken. The unit is divided into two parts. The first develops an understanding of the accounting processes necessary to provide accurate and relevant financial information. The second part covers the practical aspect of carrying out those accounting activities. Learners will be introduced to accounting terminology as they study the purpose and function of accounting and consider the various categories of business income and expenditure. It is important to know the sources of an organisation’s income and the nature of its expenditure, as this clarifies the basis of its profitability and enables more effective control of the business. Control begins with the planning process and learners will study the use of a cash flow forecast which requires managers to set cash flow targets that can be monitored and adjusted on a regular basis. Learners will consider the effective management of cash flow and the...
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...standard working hour system to protect employees. In addition to governments, Mattesini and Quintieri (2006) also consider it as an effective way to lessen the unemployment rate after their study on Italy during the great depression. However, the research of them may be limited. Thus this paper serves to argue that it is unwise for the Hong Kong government to establish the standard working hour system in Hong Kong because of the possible negative influence it may bring, for example, the negative effect on the economy, the increase in production cost, and the ineffectiveness to reduce the unemployment rate. The defects of the standard working hour system Increasing the production cost If standard working hour system is established, thus extra working time beyond the standard working hour is required to produce the same products. These hours could be accomplished by either inflicting overtime work on present workers or hiring additional workers. Either of the two alternatives would create odditional cost for employers. In another aspect, it seems that employers would prefer the former pattern to finish the work. A survey by Marchand, Rault and Turpin (1983) showed that after the implementation of a law to cut weekly working hours in France in 1982, the percentage of workers whose salary did not change was over 90%. The paper of Raposo and Ours (2010) about Portugal obtained a similar conclusion that monthly earnings remained almost...
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...hotels success. Marriott is known for its hospitality and a smooth working environment. HRM has big role in the success of Marriott. A. Primary functions of human resource management in Marriott’s success 1. Staffing (recruitment and selection) Most appropriate and suitable person to a particular job is selected. Potential applicants are interviewed with a face meeting with members of management. One on one interviews, Panel interviews, Sequence interviews are performed to ensure the right person for the job. Background investigation and medical tests are also conducted. 2. Compensation and benefits There is an equitable internal wage structure, a competitive benefits package, as well as incentives for the Marriott employees. Salaries and Wages are given keeping in mind all the following factors: • Cost of living • Supply and demand of labor • Government requirements (minimum wage rates) • Competitor wage scales • Trade Union influences • Labor productivity • Health, safety and security of the employees is given the first priority. 3. Human Resource Planning: This is concerned with planning for both present and future demand and supplies. Marriott has done well in implementing a successful strategic plan and adaptions for the future changes in the market 4. Equal employment Marriott is concerned with both moral and legal responsibilities and prevents discriminatory policies, procedures and practices that are relevant to hiring, training, compensating...
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...NATURE OF TRAINING AND DEVLOPMENT In simple terms, training and development refers to the imparting of specific skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee. More clearly, training and development may be understood as any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning. Usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. The need for training and development is determined by the employee’s performance deficiency, computed as follow: Training and development = standard performance –actual performance. Difference between training, development & education We can make a distinction among training, education and development. Such distinction enables us to acquire a better perspective about the meaning of the terms. Training, as was stated earlier, refers to the process of imparting specific skills. Education on the other hand, is confined to theoretical learning in classroom. Though training and education differ in nature and orientation, they are complementary. An employee, for example, who undergoes training is presumed to have had had some formal education. Furthermore, no training programme is complete without an element of education. In fact, the distinction between training and education is getting increasingly blurred nowadays. As more and more employees are called upon to exercise judgment and to choose alternative solution to the job problem, training...
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...the job. Technical obstacles, such as access, standards, infrastructure, and bandwidth, will not be an issue in a few years. The growth of the World Wide Web, high-capacity corporate networks, and high-speed desktop computers will make learning available to people 24 hours a day, seven days a week around the globe. This will enable businesses to distribute training and critical information to multiple locations easily and conveniently. Employees can then access training when it is convenient for them, at home or in the office. Substantial cost savings due to elimination of travel expenses. When delivered through technology based solutions, training is less expensive per end user due to scaleable distribution and the elimination of high salaries for trainers and consultants. The biggest benefit of eLearning, however, is that it eliminates the expense and inconvenience of getting the instructor and students in the same place. According...
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...WINGS Centre, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. OUR UNIQUENESS Role Play & Activities Whole training will be conducted based on Role Play, Case Study, Self activity, hands on exercise, experiential learning, group work etc. Professional Panel There will be some panel discussion session along with renowned Labor Law practitioners in the country for achieving updated knowledge on different aspects of Labor Law. TRAINING OVERVIEW Outcome of the Program: After successful completion of the program, the participants will be able to do all operational activities of HR as well as will know the practical HR practices in context of Bangladesh. Understand the changes in amendment law 2013 Use the practical knowledge to implement different sections of labor law To conduct Factory Audit in line with BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] To prepare Factory for any kind of Social Audit in line with BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] To handle employee relations, grievances, disciplinary issues, accurate settlement under the guidance of BLL 2006 [amendment 2013] Make Trade Union & deal with CBA Understand WPPF calculation, entitlement, distribution & investment Target Participants HR Professionals Compliance Professionals Potential Candidates to develop career in HR/ Compliance Training Methodology: Brain Storming Role Play/Simulation Lecture Discussion Sharing/Participatory Major areas to be covered: Day 1: Orientation Definitions with emphasis...
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...Biomedical scientist: Job description More in this section Job description Salary and conditions Entry requirements Training Career development Employers and vacancy … Related jobs Print all pages in this section Case studies Biomedical scientist: Ann Thomas Biomedical scientist: Kathryn Owen Biomedical scientist: Roslyn Cooke Biomedical scientists work in healthcare and carry out a range of laboratory tests and techniques on tissue samples and fluids to help clinicians diagnose diseases. They also evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. Their work is extremely important for many hospital departments and the functions they carry out are wide ranging. For example, they may work on medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, AIDS, malaria, food poisoning or anaemia, or carry out tests for emergency blood transfusions or to see if someone has had a heart attack. Biomedical scientists can work in three areas: infection sciences; blood sciences; and cellular sciences. Infection sciences include: •medical microbiology - identification of micro-organisms causing disease and their antibiotic treatment; •virology - identification of viruses, associated diseases and monitoring the effectiveness of vaccines. Blood sciences include: •clinical chemistry - analysis of body fluids and toxicology studies; •transfusion science - determination of donor/recipient blood compatibility, ensuring blood banks are sufficient; •haematology - form...
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