...Check that the SQL Server databases have limited access. So that we can reduce the number of persons who could access the database. Check the Access database engine files format. It should be in some format. Otherwise malicious users can access the SQL Server files then they may damage it. Check that the file system permissions of audit files. It should be on limited format. Otherwise it could be damaged by attackers. Verify that the database backup’s private and public encryption keys stored in a secured location for safety purpose. Verify that the SQL Server computer protected by a firewall. Check that the server and client operating...
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...SQL Cursor A SQL cursor is a private Oracle SQL working area. There are two types of SQL cursor: implicit or explicit cursor. The implicit cursor is used by Oracle server to test and parse the SQL statements and the explicit cursors are declared by the programmers. Using the implicit cursor, we can test the outcome of SQL statements in PL/SQL. For example, • SQL%ROWCOUNT, return the number of rows affected; • SQL%FOUND, a BOOLEAN attribute indicating whether the recent SQL statement matches to any row; • SQL%NOTFOUND, a BOOLEAN attribute indicating whether the recent SQL statement does not match to any row; • SQL%ISOPEN, a BOOLEAN attribute and always evaluated as FALSE immediately after the SQL statement is executed. To write the explicit cursor, please refer to the following example. Note that a cursor definition can array a number of arguments. For example, DECLARE CURSOR csr_ac (p_name VARCHAR2) IS SELECT empno, name, sal FROM employee WHERE name LIKE '%p_name%'; BEGIN FOR rec_ac IN csr_ac ('LE') LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(rec_ac.empno || ' ' ||rec_ac.name || ' '||v_sal); END LOOP ; CLOSE csr_ac; END; / Another way of writing the above code, is to use the basic loop and the SQL%NOTFOUND cursor, as shown in the following. SQL> DECLARE 2 CURSOR csr_ac (p_name VARCHAR2) IS 3 SELECT empno, ename, sal 4 FROM emp 5 6 WHERE ename LIKE '%SMITH%'; 7 8 v_a emp.empno%TYPE; ...
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.......................................................... 10 General business case Thanks to the successful management, the business of the company expands very fast. However, the database management system cannot withstand the quickly and greatly increased work load, the break-down frequency increases, which make the decision-making efficiency and customer experience drop. The company tries to turn around this bad trend and poses two solutions: one is to update the present DBMS including hardware, software and human resource; the other one is to make use of SQL Azure from Microsoft to set up cloud environment and transfer the DBMS there. After cost analysis, we find that to reach the same efficiency standard, the cost of first solution is 9 times of the second solution, and the second solution has merits such as capability, flexibility and elasticity, so we suggest implementing the second solution: Cloud DBMS, SQL Azure. Introduction and problems We are an express company in North America. We transport the parcels for customers. We have good performance and with the blooming online shopping, our business...
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... 8.2 Table Book....................................................................10 8.3 Table Course.................................................................11 8.4 Table Journal................................................................12 8.5 Table Compact Disc......................................................13 8.6 Table Employee............................................................14 8.7 Table Student ..............................................................15 8.8 Table department.........................................................16 9. sql statement to create Tables.....................................................17-28 9.1 sql statement to create library.....................................17 9.2 sql statement to create...
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...Introduction to SQL LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: ■ Concisely define each of the following key terms: relational DBMS (RDBMS), catalog, schema, data definition language (DDL), data manipulation language (DML), data control language (DCL), scalar aggregate, vector aggregate, base table, virtual table, dynamic view, and materialized view. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Visit www.pearsonhighered.com/ hoffer to view the accompanying video for this chapter. Interpret the history and role of SQL in database development. Define a database using the SQL data definition language. Write single-table queries using SQL commands. Establish referential integrity using SQL. Discuss the SQL:1999 and SQL:2008 standards. INTRODUCTION Pronounced “S-Q-L” by some and “sequel” by others, SQL has become the de facto standard language for creating and querying relational databases. (Can the next standard be the sequel to SQL?) The primary purpose of this chapter is to introduce SQL, the most common language for relational systems. It has been accepted as a U.S. standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and is a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). It is also an international standard recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ANSI has accredited the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) as a standards development organization; INCITS is working on the next version of the SQL standard...
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...for dual core processors and supports up to 2GB of system memory. Insights gained from working with the database after installed are also shared. Installation Process for DB2 Express-C Downloading and installing DB2 Express-C is easily accomplished over an Internet connection. The version installed is 389MB and took approximately 10 minutes to download over a cable modem running at fractional T1 speeds. Installation screens from the steps completed to get DB2 Express-C up and running are shown in the Appendix of this document. After installing the Control Center was invoked at the command line using the command db2cc which is specifically defined in the chapter assigned on DB2 Express-C. Using the command db2sampl -xml –sql to create the sample data worked, and there is the secondary option of using graphical interface commands to accomplish the same. The use of the DB2 Command Line tools show how quickly a multidimensional table can be viewed, edited and batch programming tasks completed using shell scripts in this interface. IBM has done an excellent job of making this free version of DB2 as fully featured and full of navigational and command options as possible. What is most significant amount the design of DB2 relative to other databases worked with is the multiple approaches to getting commands invoked the flexibility on creating fully automated responses to queries, or the option of...
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...DLSU Engineering e-Journal Vol. 1 No. 1, March 2007, pp. 138-150 Automated Inventory System Using Portable Data Acquisition Module for Bell Electronics Corporation Zarina Ira V. Bernabe Monchie C. Dela Cruz Karen K. Jao Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering De La Salle University, Manila email: ira.bernabe@yahoo.com, chie08_elx@yahoo.com, karenjao@yahoo.com, Jingel A. Tio, Antonio S. Gonzales Jr. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering De La Salle University, Manila Email: tioj@dlsu.edu.ph, gonzalesa@dlsu.edu.ph Bell Electronics Lab Corporation situated in Calamba, Laguna is engaged in test and assembly of optoelectronics and sensor devices. The company is concentrating on its resources in metal can packaging. The second phase of the company's program is towards the development of other types of optoelectronics and sensors device packaging to support their customer requirements. In this paper, the proponents will present an Automated Inventory System using Portable Data Acquisition (PDA) module to help the company’s growing business. The PDA module is composed of barcode scanner to scan issued and received items, and a Z8F6423 Zilog microcontroller to store the information. A Product Inventory System (PIS) application program is also discussed to show how the PDA module can be interfaced with the PIS. Test results presented in this paper will show apparent improvement of company’s inventory system. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Inventory system is an...
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...term open-source means exactly what it sounds like; the source code for the software is completely open and free to the public. Some advantages that come with this are the fact there is no upfront costs when it comes to obtaining the database program. While this sounds great, one needs to consider the tools the business has at its disposal. If you do not have the people to manage the databases and run them, then more employees must be hired in order to support the system. This can lead to more cost in the long run. So the fact that it’s free can also be a disadvantage. Another advantage to open-source database systems is a lot of them have a huge following such as MYSQL. MYSQL is database that is designed to use Standard Query Language (SQL) and it is compatible with most popular platforms. Last, there are a lot of third party tools or add-ons that can come with using open-source databases. This is because everything made for the program is free too. A couple of disadvantages to open-source databases are that since the software is free, there is no customer support or warranty. Also, since the code is...
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...some people pronounce SQL as “sequel”? Ans: Because of its naming history, SQL is developed from SEQUEL language, so some people pronounce SQL as “sequel”. 2 Why are the manipulation statements of SQL more widely used than the definition and control statements? Ans: Because only the database administrator uses the definition and control statements, while power users and analysts, who are the majority, use the manipulation statements. 3 Is the SQL standard supported in whole or in part? Briefly explain. Ans: The SQL standard is supported in part. Because of the size of the previous standard SQL-92 (contains more than 600 pages) and the current SQL: 1999 standard (contains more than 2,100 pages), there are multiple levels that can be supported. No vendor supports the entire SQL-92 standard now. Most vendors support a super/subset of the standard. With the new SQL: 1999 standard, vendor implementation will likely be more fragmented because of the size and scope of the standard. 4 How many levels of conformance does the SQL-92 standard have? Ans: The SQL-92 specification contained three levels: Entry SQL, Intermediate SQL, and Full SQL. Unfortunately, no vendor claimed conformance beyond Entry SQL although most vendors implemented some features in the higher SQL levels as well as providing proprietary SQL extensions. 5 How many levels of conformance do the SQL: 1999 standard have? Ans: The SQL: 1999 standard contains a single level of conformance called Core SQL. At the time of writing...
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...ANNUAL SALARY alias cannot include spaces. The alias should read ANNUAL_SALARY or should be enclosed in double quotation marks. A comma is missing after the LAST_NAME column. Part 2 Note the following location for the lab files: \home\oracle\labs\SQL1\labs If you are asked to save any lab files, save them at this location. To start Oracle SQL Developer, double-click the SQL Developer desktop icon. Before you begin with the practices, you need a database connection to be able to connect to the database and issue SQL queries. Oracle Database 10g: SQL Fundamentals I A - 2 Practice 1: Solutions (continued) 4. To create a new database connection in the Connections Navigator, right-click Connections. Select New Connection from the menu. The New/Select Database Connection dialog box appears. 5. Create a database connection using the following information: a. Connection Name: myconnection b. Username: ora1 c. Password: ora1 d. Hostname: localhost e. Port: 1521 f. SID: ORCL g. Ensure that you select the Save Password check box. Oracle Database 10g: SQL Fundamentals I A - 3 Practice 1: Solutions (continued) You have been hired as a SQL programmer for Acme Corporation. Your first task is to create some reports based on data...
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...Introduction to Oracle9i: SQL Instructor Guide • Volume 1 40049GC11 Production 1.1 October 2001 D33993 Authors Nancy Greenberg Priya Nathan Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000, 2001. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with “Restricted Rights,” as defined in FAR 52.227-14, Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document...
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...Database Management System Basith Shaik Southern New Hampshire University September 7, 2015 Abstract The intent of this paper is to design and propose a database management system solution to Grandfield College for tracking software installed. I have analyzed the organizational issues and needs and developed conceptual, logical, and physical designs of DBMS solution. In order to implement the solution, substantial research had been done on best practices in design, available products, and the legal and ethical standards to which we must adhere during design. This paper includes Business rules, Conceptual, Logical, and Physical database designs, Recommendations on best DBMS required for Grandfield College, Data model, Legal Compliance, Ethical Practices, Security Needs and Security Plan Keywords: Grandfield College, Database Design, Recommendations, Business Rules, Data model, Security Plan Database Management System Grandfield College is in need of Database Management System as law requires that any business, including a school, track its software. It is important to know what software the school owns, in what versions, and what the license agreement for that software is. For this purpose I have developed a Software Tracking database for Grandfield College. Problem Grandfield College is in need of a database for effectively tracking faculty and staff computers, the software installed on those systems, User access to each computer, and requests for new software installation...
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...Project Submitted to the Al Musanna College of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Higher Diploma in Internet and E-Security Submitted by: (1) 2782011- Abdullah ALJaradi - “Leader” (2) 2782239 - Auf ALMujaini Project Supervisor : Mrs.Divyajyothi M G Al Musanna College of Technology Declaration We hereby declare that the project entitled “Banking Security System “ submitted for the Higher Diploma in Internet and E-Security is our original work and this project work has not formed the basis for the award of any degree. Name of the students | Signature | Abdullah Aljaradi | | Auf Almujini | | Date of submission:- | Place:- | Acknowledgment We would like to express our deep thanks and appreciation to all who have supported us by providing a good and encouraging atmosphere to successfully complete our Higher Diploma project . Thanks to Allah for granting us with the necessary patience to finish our project successfully. we hope it will be successful. Our profound thanks to our family for granting us a suitable and comfortable home environment in order to work on our project. Our sincere appreciation is extended to the technician Mr.Nasser Ali for his continuous guidance and support throughout the course of this project. Thank you dear sir for your concerned guidance and good instructions. Many thanks to Mrs.Divyajyothi for...
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...Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition Table of Contents: Introduction Week 1 at a Glance Day 1 Introduction to SQL Day 2 Introduction to the Query: The SELECT Statement Day 3 Expressions, Conditions, and Operators Day 4 Functions: Molding the Data You Retrieve Day 5 Clauses in SQL Day 6 Joining Tables Day 7 Subqueries: The Embedded SELECT Statement Week 1 in Review Week 2 at a Glance Day 8 Manipulating Data Day 9 Creating and Maintaining Tables Day 10 Creating Views and Indexes Day 11 Controlling Transactions Day 12 Database Security Day 13 Advanced SQL Topics Day 14 Dynamic Uses of SQL Week 2 in Review Week 3 at a Glance Day 15 Streamlining SQL Statements for Improved Performance Day 16 Using Views to Retrieve Useful Information from the Data Dictionary Day 17 Using SQL to Generate SQL Statements Day 18 PL/SQL: An Introduction Day 19 Transact-SQL: An Introduction Day 20 SQL*Plus Day 21 Common SQL Mistakes/Errors and Resolutions Week 3 in Review Appendixes A Glossary of Common SQL Statements B Source Code Listings for the C++ Program Used on Day 14 C Source Code Listings for the Delphi Program Used on Day 14 D Resources E ASCII Table F Answers to Quizzes and Excercises © Copyright, Macmillan Computer Publishing. All rights reserved. Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition Acknowledgments A special thanks to the following individuals: foremost to my loving wife, Tina, for her tolerance and endless support, to Dan Wilson for his...
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...DB2 & SQL Concepts 1.2.1 What is SQL? Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database. In accordance with the relational model of data, the database is perceived as a set of tables, relationships are represented by values in tables, and data is retrieved by specifying a result table that can be derived from one or more tables. DB2 transforms the specification of a result table into a sequence of internal operations that optimize data retrieval. This transformation occurs when the SQL statement is prepared. This transformation is also known as binding. 1.2.2 Static SQL The source form of a static SQL statement is embedded within an application program written in a host language such as COBOL. The statement is prepared before the program is executed and the operational form of the statement persists beyond the execution of the program. A source program containing static SQL statements must be processed by an SQL precompiler before it is compiled. The precompiler checks the syntax of the SQL statements, turns them into host language comments, and generates host language statements to invoke DB2. 1.2.3 Dynamic SQL A dynamic SQL statement is prepared during the execution of an SQL application, and the operational form of the statement is not persistent. The source form of the statement is a character string...
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