...Model of Betty Neuman Nursing 403 S. P. * “The model was originally developed as a graduate course in 1970, first published in 1972, classified as a systems model in 1974” (“The Neuman Systems Model (5th ed.) by B. Neuman and J. Fawcett (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011),” 2012, Para. 1) * “The Neuman systems model focuses on the wellness of the client system in relation to environmental stressors and reactions to stressors” Fawcett, (2001 para.1) * As described in above quotation it is easy to understand that the most important concept in Neuman Theory is that a person is a layered multidimensional being, and a complete system with interrelated parts such as internal and external environments. Each layer of complete being consists of five person variable or subsystems: * Physiological - Refers of the physicochemical structure and function of the body. * Psychological - Refers to mental processes and emotions. * Socio-cultural - Refers to relationships and social/cultural expectations and activities. * Spiritual - Refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs. * Developmental - Refers to those processes related to development over the lifespan. (Neuman, 2008) * A person maintains balance and harmony by adjusting to the stress and defending against tension-producing stimuli. Internal parts is the adaptation or factors that help defend against stressors, and external factors are the physical environment and the personal...
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...Chapter 2 lesson 1 How are forces described ? In sciece the word push or a pull when one object pushes or pulls another object the first object exerts a force on the second object you exert a force on a computer key when you push it you exert a force on a chair when you pull it away from a table like velocity and acceleration a force is described by its strength and by the direction in which it acts pushing to the left is a different force from pushing to the right the direction and strength of the force can be represented by an arrow the arrow points in the direction of the force as shown in figure 1 length of the arrow tells you strength of the force the longer the arrow the greater the force the strength of a force is measured in the si unit called newton after sir isac newton How do forces affect newton often more than one force acts on an object at the same time the combination of all forces on an object is called net force the net force determines if and how an object accelerates you can find the net force by finding the sum of all the strengths of individual forces acting on the object look at figure 2a the big dog pushes on the box with a force of 16n to the tight the small with a force of 10 n to the right the net force on the box is the sum of these forces the box will accelerate to the right in the situation there is a non zero net force a non zero netforce causes a change in the objects motion What if the forces...
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...The Top Manager-Adviser Relationship in Strategic Decision Making during Executive Life Cycle: Exploring the Impediments to Strategic Change ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine how strategy persistence would be induced from top manager-adviser relationships in strategic decision making during executive life cycle. Prior studies have shown that a top manager’s tenure is characterized as inverted U-shaped relationship between a top manager’s tenure and organizational performance that a top manager is effective during initial time in office, but as a span of top manager’s tenure become long, organizational performance is decline. However, little has been known about the reason of the inverted U-shaped relationship. To investigate this question, we apply the concept of the decision maker-adviser model to the argument. Upper echelons theorists have found that the top executives are critical to shaping the characteristics of the firm. However, since this research stream has emphasized on the decision making of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or Top Management Team (TMT), relational aspects of strategic decision making between top managers and adviser have not been sufficiently argued. In response to this theoretical gap, we will discuss the relational aspect of strategic decision making between top managers and advisers. Keywords: Upper echelons theory, executive life cycle, decision maker-adviser model. INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, growing evidence...
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...Executive Summary JB Hi-Fi is an entertainment and consumer electronics chain store, providing a range of branded home electronic products and music records. The electronic industry is experiencing growth over the last few years mainly due to the introduction of a handful of electronic gadget which captures the attention of consumer. However, this growth focused on a few products such as smart phones, tablet, and music player while the rest of the products are slowing in terms of growth. Despite competing in a broad market environment, JB Hi-Fi is able to outperform its competitor and placed them well ahead in the market gaining a large marker share. JB Hi-Fi tries to achieve its objectives of expanding its market share by adopting 3 strategies that taps on the current retailing trend. Although its strategy matches with the change in its external environment, there are several issues that affect the implementation phase of its strategic management. This issues need to be addressed in order to successfully implement its strategies. Its current strategy is working in the short run despite experiencing issue with its implementation phase. This is reflected by JB’s current performance as they are experiencing growth even in a turbulent year in 2011. Overall, beside a few issue with its implementation phase, JB Hi-Fi is working effectively towards its future strategy as well as objective. The retail industry is ever-changing and thus, appropriate strategies have to be constantly...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Attitude as a concept is concerned with an individual way of thinking, acting and behaving. It has very serious implications for the learner, the teacher, the immediate social group with which the individual learner relates and the entire school system. Attitudes are formed as a result of some kind of learning experiences. They may also be learned simply by following the example of opinion of parent, teacher or friend., this is mimicry or imitation, which also has a part to play in the teaching and learning situation. In this respect, the learner draws from his teacher’s education to inform his own attitude which may likely affect his earning outcomes. In his observational theory, Bandura (1971) demonstrated that behavior are acquire by watching another (the model, teacher parent, monitor, friend) that performs the behavior. The model display it and the learner observes and tries to imitate it. Teachers are invariably, role models whose behaviours are easily copied by students. What teachers like or dislike, appreciate and how they feel about their learning or studies could have a significant effect on their students. Unfortunately, however, many teacher seldom realize that how they teach how they behave and how they interact with students can be more paramount than what they interact with students can be attitudes directly what they teach. In a nut shell, teachers’ attitudes directly affect students’ attitudes. Teachers attitude...
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