...the level of accuracy is not as high because the news are mostly changed by the journalist depending on what the government wants to communicate to the public because they are funding them. The language use is basic so the news can be understood by everyone. * Scare stories- in the newspaper we can find stories that are meant to have a bad influence on the public because they are talking about the rapid spread of the viruses like Ebola. They are mostly there to exploit the public fears because those are also controlled by the government. * Specialist journals- give reports about a specific subject to the public. In here you can find scientific articles of the week. Its target audience are the scientists and also the public. They are written by the people with some scientific knowledge and that’s why the language used is more scientific; they also give more details about the cases. Their purpose is to inform the audience about the new research, discoveries and everything around the science field. TV- is based on transmitting the information to a very large distance; its target audience is large because every age group is watching the TV. * Scare stories- are presented by the news channels and are meant to have a bad outcome on the public opinion. They are made and interpreted in different ways depending...
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...“ CHARCOAL: AN ALTERNATIVE INK ” AN INVESTIGATORY PROJECT SUBMITTED AS AN ENTRY TO THE SCHOOL BASED SCIENCE FAIR . SY 2012-2013 GROUP CATEGORY BUTUAN GRACE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL PROPONENTS: CHARLES JUELL V. AVILA JONATHAN LUKE D. LLOREN JONATHAN A. BECERRO JANINE VALERIE R. PABIA MERIAM P. PLAZA MRS. MARDELIE D. SESCON SCIENCE TEACHER “ CHARCOAL: AN ALTERNATIVE INK ” TABLE OF CONTENTS : ABSTRACT. ....1 RESEARCH PLAN.... ....1-2 INTRODUCTION .... ....3 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. ....3 STATEMENT OF THEPROBLEM . ....3 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS. ....4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.. ....4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS.. ....4 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. ....4-5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.. ....5 CONCLUSION. ....5 RECOMMENDATION... ....5 BIBLIOGRAPHY.. ......6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ......6 ABSTRACT: The world today is suffering for an economic crisis; many people seem to realize the importance of each item that needs to be bought. Ink is an ordinary item but prevalent in everyday use. Some things that provide ink for its functions are expensive that not all people can afford. That’s why the researcher investigated a project that can help lessen the economic crisis for the production of ink. The researchers pounded some charcoal and combined it with alcohol. Added a small amount of vinegar to add stability to the ink. The Vinegar also makes it more permanent, once it has dried on the paper. Strained and transferred it to a container. After the study...
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...Writing a Laboratory Report The final step in any scientific investigation is to communicate your findings. This is done in the form of a laboratory report or, for more involved studies, a scientific paper. There is a standard format that is generally used for both lab reports and papers. The sections are: * Title * Introduction * Materials and Methods * Results * Discussion * Literature Cited Title: The title should be brief, descriptive, and should clearly indicate the nature of the study. For example, “increased sodium level decreases enzyme activity” is be better than “The effect of sodium on enzymes.” Introduction: This section is usually just a few paragraphs long. Here you introduce the reader to the topic and spell out the problem or question being addressed, describe the hypothesis that is begin tested, and the predictions of possible experimental results. Materials and Methods: In this section you are telling the reader how you tested your idea. After reading you Materials and Method section, the reader should be able to perform the experiment themselves. This section is written in paragraph form. In this section you also identify your independent and dependent variables. Results: In this section you organize and summarize your results. Tables and graphs should be used whenever possible. These must be clearly labeled. It is alright to point out trends or oddities in the data in the Results section, but do not offer any...
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...PSY 801: How to Read a Scientific Article Author unknown (variously attributed – most likely James Watson) When Learners in the sciences are first faced with using the primary research literature, the prospect sometimes seems overwhelming. Finding pertinent journal articles often seems to involve a maze of abstracting journals, indifferent librarians, missing volumes, CD-ROMs from the netherworld, and bound periodicals that refuse to flatten themselves for photocopiers (no matter how hard you press on them CPR-style). Even after an article has been located or provided, there is the problem of reading it. The worst way to assimilate a research paper is to read it word for word, title to literature cited, as if it were a textbook. This approach is a waste of time not only because perhaps as few as 1 in 4 articles that find their way into your hands should be committed to your brain, but also because it is deadly boring. Before reading one word of an article, ask yourself what you are looking for in the article. Knowing what you do about the subject, what gaps need to be filled? What knowledge needs to be expanded? What controversial points need to be corroborated? Generate expectations of a journal article before you read it. This will help your analysis of the work in front of you, and it will keep you more interested in the material. Once your initial expectations have been generated, then what? The following steps seem to make sense. 1. Read the authors' names. Where and...
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...ABOUT MY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND PROSPECT OF MY SCIENTIFIC CAREER Firstly I want to introduce myself. I’m E. Suvd. I graduated from Mongolian University of Science and Technology in 2006 and got my bachelor degree in an engineer of gas supply and transmission but after I acquired to specialize in engineering teacher. Now I’m the first year postgraduate student of Novosibirsk State Technical University. I study at the faculty of Humanities, at the department of Psychology and Pedagogy. In the course of my postgraduate studies I’m to take candidate examinations in Philosophy, English and the special subject. That is why I attend courses of English and Philosophy. I’m sure the knowledge of English and Philosophy will help me in my research. I think what science can answer any question we have about the universe, while scientific research allows us to follow our interests, to learn something new, to give our problem solving skill. Therefore, learning to do scientific research is very important but hard. Every field of study has its own research problems and methods. After I got my master degree, I started to be interested scientific research. For this reason I enrolled to postgraduate course. I’m doing research in the field of pedagogy. My scientific research is devoted to the theory of value and engineering education in Mongolia. My dissertation topic is “Axiological aspect of engineering education in Mongolia”. I was interested in this problem when I was worked in the field...
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...W1) Philosophy. The point of writing a scientific paper is to communicate the findings and significance of your research. Always envision yourself writing to a reader who (a) isn't familiar with your study area, samples, or methods, (b) may be (and as a scientist should be) skeptical of the claims you are making, and (c) probably has more pressing things to do with their time and so will skip your article unless you persuade him or her of its clarity and significance. No one will be obligated to read your paper, so you have to persuade them to start reading, and you have to write clearly enough that they keep reading. (W2) The Introduction. The purpose of the introduction is to tell the reader what the paper is about and, more importantly, to justify to the reader why the paper is significant. If a "previous work" section is included here or elsewhere, its goal should be to show how your paper is an advance or improvement on previous work. A section on "previous work" that just shows that the author did his or her time in the library will be skipped or will make the reader quit reading entirely. After justifying interest in the topic, don't be afraid to use a sentence that begins "This paper uses/examines/reports . . .", because telling the reader what the paper is about is also one of the main goals of the introduction. This sentence may end with a clause that begins "in order to . . ." or "as a contribution to . . .", so that you also tell the reader what...
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...Why a Scientific Format? The scientific format may seem confusing for the beginning science writer due to its rigid structure which is so different from writing in the humanities. One reason for using this format is that it is a means of efficiently communicating scientific findings to the broad community of scientists in a uniform manner. Another reason, perhaps more important than the first, is that this format allows the paper to be read at several different levels. For example, many people skim Titles to find out what information is available on a subject. Others may read only titles and Abstracts. Those wanting to go deeper may look at the Tables and Figures in the Results, and so on. The take home point here is that the scientific format helps to insure that at whatever level a person reads your paper (beyond title skimming), they will likely get the key results and conclusions. Top of page The Sections of the Paper Most journal-style scientific papers are subdivided into the following sections: Title, Authors and Affiliation, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, and Literature Cited, which parallel the experimental process. This is the system we will use. This website describes the style, content, and format associated with each section. The sections appear in a journal style paper in the following prescribed order: Experimental process Section of Paper What did I do in a nutshell? Abstract What is the problem...
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...In the essay “What Written Knowledge Does: Three Examples of Academic Discourse”, Charles Bazerman presents a four part model through which we can analyze written works (Bazerman 24-26). The model includes the object under study, literature of the field, anticipated audience, and the author’s own self. Furthermore, we can apply Bazerman’s framework to different works. These works, though facing a difference in subject matter, nevertheless fit into this framework. The framework can be used to compare two different pieces, “Connecting natural landscapes using a landscape permeability model to prioritize conservation activities in the United States” by David M. Theobald, Sarah E. Reed, Kenyon Fields, and Michael Soulé as well as “Gender and Wilderness Conservation” by Kimberly Jarvis. All four parts in the framework are of immense importance, as we can use them to determine their purposes of each article. Consequently, we can compare the ideas and arguments made in these two essays, notwithstanding their difference. Additionally, we will learn through said comparison how each article seeks to persuade the readers that conservation is a virtuous task which which one should choose to involve himself in. The first essay, “Connecting natural landscapes...
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...Writing Essays 1. Getting started The worst part about writing an essay can be starting the process. Before you rush into doing a pile of reading, you need to be very clear what your essay is about and what you are actually being asked to do. Typical essay questions: a) How do organizations typically manage stress? Critically evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of stress management. b) Critically assess the extent to which a Conceptual Framework may guide the accounting standard-setting process. c) Identify and analyse significant developments in technology impacting on IMC. Discuss how such developments might affect international marketers and notions of the audience. The important thing to do when you approach an essay is carefully unpacking the essay question. For example, in question (a) above, you are being asked to do two things. First, to describe how organizations manage stress, and then to examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of stress management. The first part of the essay, therefore, will be fairly descriptive, and you will be looking to read books and journal articles that discuss the ways that organizations manage stress. Don’t rely too heavily on one book or one particular journal article. Try to read as widely possible and make notes as you do so (see handout on reading and note-taking). The second part of the essay is rather more difficult, and it is here that many students fall down and lose marks. The key...
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...discussion of the genetic or genomic concepts discussed in the article and how these relate to topics covered in lecture or course readings * Opinions or feelings: Paragraph stating your opinions or attitude towards the subject of the article. This involves identifying what the ethical, social or policy issue(s) are, stating your position about these issues and providing well-reasoned, logical and informed support for your position. Due Dates: Summary one is due Monday 7/07 Summary two is due Monday 7/14 Summary three is due Monday 7/21 Grading Rubric: The four article summaries will be graded according to the attached grading rubric. Part 2: Reflective Essay Requirements: Complete a reflective essay that reflects upon how science impacts society. For the topic of your essay, choose any genetic or genomic issue that you identified in your news article summaries in Part 1 of this assignment. Expand your knowledge of this issue by completing additional readings on the topic (at least four additional references) and write about any of the following: * How what you have read about may impact you, your family, your community or the human race...
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...N. Katherine Hayles addresses this exact concern of a future in which information loses its body to machines in her book titled “How We Became Posthuman”. Hayles is a postmodern literary critic, most notable for her contribution to the fields of literature and science, electronic literature, and American literature (“N. Katherine Hayles”). In a previous book titled “Chaos Bound” Hayles explains that Science and Literature together help create context for human I am not arguing that the science of chaos is the originary site from which chaotics emanates into the culture. Rather, both the literary and scientific manifestations of chaotics are involved in feedback loops with the culture. They help to create the context that energizes the questions they ask; at the same time they also ask questions energized by the context.' (Hayles, “Chaos Bound” 7) Through her various readings of cultural and literary texts concerned with information technologies, Hayles, in “How We Became Posthuman”, uses the method of seriation...
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...prizes awarded for the best essays and such awards could help to support your University Application as evidence of outstanding academic work and independent effort. How long and of what nature should my essay be? Your essay should be between 2,000 and 2,500 words (excluding notes and bibliography) and represent original and independent work. There may be a case for writing a slightly shorter essay if one of your universities requires a shorter sample essay. Supplying an accurate word count is in any case crucial. Your essay should aim to be quite a focused piece and be a work of analysis and interpretation rather than just description. You may need to seek advice on the planning, structuring and the title of your essay. Some modifications may be necessary for scientific submissions. Where will inspiration for my essay come from? Your essay may, or may not be, a further development of normal subject work (e.g. Physics Research and Analysis, English Phillimore, History Gibbon Prize etc); it may be on subjects which have no existing prizes; it may be on a subject which is not on the curriculum (e.g. Anthropology) or which is cross-curricular (e.g. English and History of Art); or it may have emerged from Cultural perspectives lessons, the Cultural Perspectives timed essay which you take at the end of this term, be inspired by Critical Thinking work or be a ‘further developed’ praebendum essay. You should state in a covering note how and why the essay came about. Of course,...
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...Natural sciences study the physical and natural world and the events that occur in nature using scientific methods, and writing in this field is often used to assess your knowledge. The fields within this area of science include, but are not limited to, the following areas: Astronomy, Atmospheric Science, Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, Environmental Science, Oceanography The most common writing assignments in the natural sciences are case studies, field reports, lab reports and literature reviews. This field is frequently referred to as “hard science” because of the quantitative methods applied and the heavy use of objective data. A great deal of what defines modern civilization are advances in technology and knowledge gained by investigations in the natural sciences. Statistics and mathematics provide the framework for this field, where quantifiable data and accuracy are essential components. The main goal of the natural science essay is to utilize problem-solving techniques that report results through analysis and observation. Expectations for writing in the natural sciences Whatever your topic when writing in the natural sciences, make sure you understand the assignment before you start. There are characteristics to take into consideration when writing an essay in this field, which include the amount of technical language you use, how much background information is adequate and the type of evidence needed. The composition of this type of written piece requires...
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...study of the English language in an Introduction to Poetry course, a comprehensive overview of a significant aspect of literature. This course set me up for a much greater challenge...
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...[pic] FACULTY OF BUSINESS Assessment 2 Essay outline MGMT110: Introduction to Management INSERT: Karan Saluja ; 4970135 SNY Pty Ltd Starting as a small manufacturing business in 1980’s, SNY Pty Ltd is a Campbelltown, NSW, Australia based manufacturing company previously owned by Gary Smith. The company became more global after Gary Smith got retired(Owner and Founder) and he sold the SNY to a large multinational oil and lubricants business. This essay outline briefly highlights the major management issues and challenges faced by SNY Pt Ltd. While it touches on the topic of manufacturing department , the challenge of managing the unskilled laborer’s with inexperienced staff will remain the overarching theme of the outline and subsequently essay. When the company started growing more and more the management issues started rising up, The main issue was the workforce was totally unskilled and the general manager of campbelltown branch Juliette Livingstone understands oils and lubricants but, as a British citizen growing up in Hong Kong she really doesn’t understand Australian worker context. She sees Australian factory floor workers as lazy compared to the Chinese who worked for her in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, for example, she felt a greater control over the raw material and finished product supply chain. In Australia everything takes longer to arrive, the Australian dollar varies (making...
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