...factors and realization then led to the development of tradition SCM systems up to the advanced systems companies apply at present. The evolution of supply chain management occurred during the 1990s; at this time, collaboration between manufacturers and suppliers had been established in order to enhance traditional approaches in supply management functions. At the same time, retailers as well as wholesalers had integrated their logistics operations as well so as to achieve greater competitive advantages ( 2002). In the process, both of these concepts were joined and became a strategic approach to what is now known as supply chain management (SCM). In this chapter, the relation of the apparel industry to SCM is explained. Models, implementation needs as well as the dilemma on the application of SCM systems are also discussed through the citation of various related literatures and studies. Relevance of the Supply Chain to the Apparel Industry The apparel industry goes through a number of business challenges. Due to certain trends like fashion and consumer preferences, companies operating in the industry often encounter the issue on demand uncertainty. In order to address this, apparel businesses utilize the concept of product variety. This technique however, would require certain activities such as production systems, forecasting and inventory management. This then emphasizes the need for the apparel industry to employ innovative systems to manage and handle its supply...
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...August 3-6, 2007 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY: A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL WITH THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS Asli Koprulu 1 aslik@ipekyol.com Process Management Director Ipekyol Tekstil ve Tic. San. A.S. Kazım Orbay Cd. 43 Bomonti Sisli 34381 Istanbul Turkey M. Murat Albayrakoglu albayrak@bilgi.edu.tr Coordinator, Business Informatics Program Istanbul Bilgi University Kurtulus Deresi Cd. 47 Dolapdere 34440 Istanbul Turkey Keywords: Supply-chain management (SCM), apparel industry, vendor selection, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Summary: The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance the vendor selection problem and its relation to the supply chain strategy and goals. First, the current conditions of the textile or apparel industry are analyzed and the key factors for a successful supply chain considering the globalization of the industry are discussed. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model that an apparel company can use for the selection of suppliers is presented and a supplier relationship management (SRM) strategy is created based on the results of the model. In addition, strategic priorities for the supplier selection problem are identified and weights are developed to select the right supplier that fits the company’s strategy. Finally, the outcome and the implications of the model for implementation are discussed. 1. Introduction In today’s world of globalization many apparel retailers are building strong supply chains to gain...
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...Introduction Since the last decades of the 20th century, there have been intensive discussions about knowledge and its implications on organisations and business success. Knowledge is now widely considered to be a source of competitive advantage. Technology has been continuously improving, among Turkish contractor firms. By the evaluation of the causes high business pressures that affect organizations’ field survey findings, Turkish contractor firms’ current and future competitiveness. These pressures use of IT, their main objectives on the use of IT, benefits cause common and rapid changes on all industries. To achieve competitive advantage, firms need to constantly focus on the identification of differential product strategies, building or reshaping core competencies, acquiring unique technologies, and accumulation of intellectual property, all of which can all be harnessed to make the company successfulin a highly competitive marketplace. Due to the emergence and widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), organizations have faced many challenges that have led to several changes in their business practices in recent times, particularly in the last two decades. Findings After investigating the literature in strategic technology usage, and interviewing key decision-makers, a conceptual framework was proposed. IT innovation adoption occurs at the functional/operational level by enhancing various aspects of efficiency, effectiveness and resiliency...
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...not. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: 2 Apparel Retail Sector: 2 RFID in Apparel Sector: 3 Challenges in using RFID in Apparel Industry: 5 Conclusion: 5 Bibliography 6 INTRODUCTION: In the present day and age identification of all the objects in the supply chain is of vital importance. This is to create an ideal world where not only humans communicate with each other but each and every object in the supply chain system communicates with the computer. This makes the system easily to run and highly efficient. It also makes the identification of resources and recognition of each and every object in the system easy. This would in turn help all stakeholders as there is continuous flow of information and there is high visibility in the entire system. RFID is an important technology that lets us achieve the above mentioned state of easy flowing communication amongst partners. It use radio frequency to locate objects that are even not in the line of sight. This automatically makes the system identify every object easily and efficiently (Sheng,Li, & Zeadally, 2008). RFID has been around for over half a century but has grown prominence in the recent years. This is because the cost of RF tags have dropped significantly in recent years while the technology that is needed to identify the tags accurately has come up which enables a reliable and effective operation (Sheng et al., 2008).Currently RFID is used in many industries like healthcare, retail, aviation, anti-counterfeiting...
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...Sector and the Strategy Ahead for the Domestic SME Apparel Manufacturers Nobby (Nobukaza) Azuma School of Management Heriot-Watt University UK E-mail: nobukaza@aol.com N.Azuma@hw.ac.uk Fax: +44-(0) 131-451-3498 Abstract Quick Response (QR) has long been perceived as the essential survival strategy of the textile and apparel (T-A) manufacturers in the developed economies against offshore competition. However, the regionalization of global economies and active governmental investment in the T-A industry in the offshore countries has allowed the offshore QR to become increasingly feasible. This changing facet of QR may spell out more lucrative opportunities for Japanese "apparel firms", which have predominantly in-house creative and marketing functions, to widen the scope and the scale of their fashion business operations, since the economic upgrading in the Pacific Rim will create a huge consumer market that shares similar fashion trends as in the Japanese market. However, the apparel firms' production shift offshore has, on the other hand, threatened the existence of the domestic SME apparel manufacturers that have traditionally served their apparel firms customers, now that QR is no longer the sustainable competitive advantage of domestic manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the levels of QR implementation, identifying the potential pitfalls and drawbacks of the current QR initiatives in the Japanese apparel sector, and hence discuss the optimum QR strategy...
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...A Study of Apparel Supply Chain Risks Srikanta Routroy* and Arjun Shankar** Today, apparel supply chains are becoming more prone to both controllable and uncontrollable risks. This phenomenon may be attributed to many causes but not limited to less vertical integration, fragmentation of supply chain ownership, short product life cycle, ever-changing customer expectations, increasing level of competition, environmental regulations, rapid technology obsolescence, etc. These risks deteriorate directly the apparel supply chain performance in terms of both efficiency and responsiveness. Therefore, the Apparel Supply Chain (ASC) managers should identify and analyze the risks related to their supply chains so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be developed to enhance the supply chain performance. An attempt is made to study the ASC and identify the related risks in general. This will provide a platform to identify the risks for an apparel supply chain in particular. Introduction A Supply Chain (SC) may be defined as a network of organizations that are involved in a set of linkages, either upstream or downstream, in different processes and activities with the primary aim of providing value to the end customer (Chen et al., 2013). In this context, SC Management (SCM) is the management of material, information and funds through this network of organizations, which includes suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, etc., thereby providing the required value to the...
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...industrial environment, especially consumer industries such as textiles and clothing (Lowson, King & Hunter 1999). One of the impacts is that the contemporary North American and European textile and apparel industries suffer immense competition from foreign producers (Yan & Fiorito 2002). As early as the mid-1980s, imports were estimated to account for close to 50% of consumption (Lowson, King & Hunter 1999). As most imported textiles are produced with very low labor expense, huge amounts of inexpensive products can be supplied in the domestic market. Considering this situation, competitiveness in cost and quality continue to be key issues for textile manufacturers. In order to significantly reduce time and cost in the supply chain, the industry needed to become more focused on consumers by developing a supply chain management process that would be demand driven and production that would be synchronized to replenish product at the consumer's pull rate (Lovejoy 2001). Today, consumers desire to personalize the style, fit and color of the clothes they buy, and require high-quality customized products at low prices with faster delivery (Lee & Chen 1999). New manufacturing technologies such as 3D body scanners, CAD/CAM systems, and digital textile printers have played a key role in increasing the effectiveness, flexibility, agility, and precision of production. Garment Industry Information Technology Upgrades Garment...
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... | CONTENTS Executive Summary PART I/ UNIQLO and Apparel Industry * Overview of UNIQLO business * Apparel Industry: Value Chain & Key Success Factors PART II/ Environmental Analysis * PEST analysis for India * 5 Forces analysis for Apparel industry in India * SWOT analysis for UNIQLO’s entering into India PART III/ Strategy Formation * Entry Strategy: Entry Mode * Expansion Strategy: 3 Phases * Implementation Plan: 4P, AAA Conclusion Reference Appendix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Japan is famous for innovation and high-tech manufacturing industries but not for fashion. However, this fact should be reconsidered since the brand UNIQLO, a true Japanese fashion brand, now can be found in the biggest cities of the world from world-class shopping malls like Ginza (Tokyo), Fifth Avenue (New York) to the streets of Shanghai and Malaysia. UNIQLO is the main brand of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd (see Appendix 1 for Corporate Profile), the largest producer in apparel retailing industry in Japan and ranks the fourth in the world (after ZARA, H&M and GAP). Mr. Tadashi Yanai, the founder and current CEO of Fast Retailing (FR) used to be the richest man in Japan. In this report, we develop the strategy to bring UNIQLO to the world second largest population, India. The reasons why we choose this plan can be explained briefly as following. Fast Retailing aims at becoming the number one apparel retailer in the world by 2020. In order to achieve this...
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...International Trade Centre (ITC) The Chinese Market for Clothing. Geneva: ITC, 2012. xi, 92 p. (Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Views expressed in this paper are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of...
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...International Trade Centre (ITC) The Chinese Market for Clothing. Geneva: ITC, 2012. xi, 92 p. (Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Views expressed in this paper are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of...
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...BENGAL PETROCHEM & SYNTHETIC TEXTILES LTD 01. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Name of the Project : BENGAL PETROCHEM & SYNTHETIC TEXTILES LIMITED. Legal Status of the Projects: The proposed project is under Bengal Petrochem & Synthetic Textiles Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the companies Act 1994 vides registration no. C91112/11 dated 10th March 2011 with authorized capital of BDT 1000,000,000 divided into 10,000,000 ordinary shares of BDT 100 each. Location: Registered Office: Bengal House, 75, Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka-1212 Factory : Plot # 295 – 298, DEPZ Extension Area, Savar. Name and Shareholdings of Sponsors’ Directors: Status in the Proposed Company Chairman 80% Bangladeshi Bangladeshi Bangladeshi Bangladeshi Bangladeshi Bangladeshi Managing Director Director Director Director Director Director 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% Name Bengal Windsor Thermoplastics Ltd (Represented by Chairman Mr. Morshed Alam) Mr. Jashim Uddin Nationality Extend of Share Holding Bangladeshi Mrs. Bilkis Nahar Mr. Humayun Kabir Mr. Firoz Alam Mr. Shamsul Alam Mr. Saiful Alam Corporate Set up: Public Limited Company Type of Project: Garments accessories manufacturer and exporter. Activities of the Project: Bengal Petrochem & Synthetic Textiles Limited has been manufacturing and exporting different types of Garments Hanger. Bengal Petrochem & Synthetic Textiles Limited has an installed capacity to produce 4.5 lac pcs of Plastic Apparel hangers a day an extensive line of A sister...
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...Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India, and M.N. Qureshi Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a set of total quality management (TQM) and supply chain management (SCM) practices through an extensive literature review and to identify the relationships among them by comparing the identified TQM and SCM practices. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive overview of the practices of TQM and SCM is carried out using published research papers and some major TQM and SCM practices were extracted. These identified practices are then compared to explore the relationship between them for better understanding and application. Findings – The results reveal six major TQM and SCM practices from as many as 50 TQM practices and 40 SCM practices. The paper further compares these practices and found that management support and commitment, customer focus, and supplier partnership are the most common practices found in both TQM and SCM literature, and have the strongest impact in the integration of TQM and SCM across organizations. Research limitations/implications – This paper focuses only on the literature review of previously published studies, further empirical study can be undertaken using these six identified practices which may allow...
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...Market Research On Fashion & Sustainability Submitted by Ishita Bhatia Under the supervision of Jagriti Mishra Submitted to Department of Fashion Management Studies (FMS) National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) (Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India) GH-0 Road, Behind Infocity Gandhinagar 382007. Gujarat http://www.nift.ac.in December, 2013 Fashion & Sustainability BackGround Myth: Sustainable Fashion is just wearing natural, organic or green fashion. Truth: Sustainable Fashion is about being * Eco friendly * Socially-Responsible * Commercially feasible * Animal-Cruelty Free Sustainability and responsibility are two sides of one and the same coin. Today Apparel Industry stands as a big medium of innovation and smart up cycling. Sustainability becomes more crucial if one has to deal with it in the apparel sector in order to manage excess and wastage. This systematic research aims to find out about all the sustainable measures practiced by companies producing such articles. Acknowledgement I would generously like to thank my Mentor Jagriti Mishra for her continual support, feedback and constructive discussions. I owe my secondary research to Ebsco, DELNET Google Scholar, Nift Resource Center and Library and the whole FMS department of NIFT, Gandhinagar. table of contents Background study 3 acknowledgement 4 table of contents 5 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Statement of the problem 8 1.2 Objectives 8 ...
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...How disputes are settled in World Trade Organizations (WTO) The countries can settle their disputes themselves at any stage, but these are the procedures that are usually followed:- 60 days Consultations, mediation, etc. 45 days Panel set up and panelists appointed 6 months Final panel report to parties 3 weeks Final panel report to WTO members 60 days Dispute Settlement Body adopts report (if no appeal) Total = 1 year (without appeal) 60-90 days Appeals report 30 days Dispute Settlement Body adopts appeals report Total = 1y 3m (with appeal) • Consultation & Mediation (up to 60 days). This is when the countries that are in dispute come together and try to reason better each other and settle their differences. And or ask the World Trade Organization director- general to intervene or mediate to try help them in any other way. • The panel (up to 45 days for a panel to be appointed, plus 6 months for the panel to conclude) At this stage the complaining country can ask for a panel to be appointed, the other country can block the creation of a panel once but when the dispute settlement body meets for a second time, the appointment can no longer be blocked. • Officially, the panel is helping the Dispute Settlement Body make rulings or recommendations. The panels conclusion are difficult to overturn and only can be rejected by consensus in the dispute settlement body. The panel’s conclusion have to be based on agreements referred to. According to the wto.org site,...
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...the means of achieving their aims and reason for their existence. These activities include: managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage and logistics. A great deal of focus in operations is on efficiency and effectiveness of such a process. An example of successful operations strategy in the retail industry is the strategy employed by Zara which is discussed in this critique. Zara started as a single shop in La Coruna and then rapidly spread its wings to 68 countries; opening a store each day - one of the fastest global expansions the world has ever seen. Throughout the entire system of Zara’s business; designing, sourcing, manufacturing, distribution process and retailing come out a number of success factors: short cycle time, small batches per product, extensive variety of product every season and heavy investment in information and technology. This elements feature in every aspect of the business. 2. Introduction. Zara is the flagship brand of the Spanish fashion retail giant, Inditex, (Industrias de Deseno Texti S. A.) Founded in 1975 ; this super- heated performers in soft retail fashion market in recent years; is engaged in textile design, manufacturing and distribution .The group operates approximately 1500 stores .The company primarily operates in Europe, where about 80% of its sales are made with La Coruna , the city that saw its earlier operations, home of its central offices. Zara contributes about 2/3 of the company’s sales making it undoubtedly...
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