...sight of the viewing public, with sheets of papers titled “Product Recall” or Safety Recall or something of the like. Recalled items run the gamut of consumers good and are generally recalled because of a safety or health concerns. The Food and Drug Administration regularly issues recalls or public safety notices for Medical Products, Pharmaceuticals, Tobacco, and contaminated food items. Product Liability is the responsibility of manufacturers, distributors and sellers, they are expected to act in the best interest of the public; to deliver a product free of defects which can harm an individual or persons; and to make good on that responsibility if their products are defective. These can include faulty auto brakes, contaminated baby food, exploding bottles of beer, flammable children's pajamas, or lack of label warnings. The key element in products liability law is that a person who suffers harm from a product need not prove negligence, since the negligence is "presumed" and the result is "strict liability" (absolute responsibility) on the seller, distributor and manufacturer. An injured person usually need only sue the seller and let him/her/it bring the manufacturer or distributor into the lawsuit or require contribution toward a judgment. (Gerald Hill, et al 2002). In the following paragraphs we will discuss and analyze the different types of product liability, regulatory bodies involved in product recalls and or safety, legal issues regarding product liability and ramifications...
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...plagued by a variety of setbacks, including slumping sales, under-utilized assembly lines and multibillion-dollar losses. But perhaps most worrisome of all are signs that the company’s flaunted quality has been slipping. Long hailed as the industry benchmark, some key Toyota products have suffered quality snags in recent years regarding the overall safety of their vehicles. The auto media seems to believe that Toyota’s reputation is ruined. Consumers, though, are still under the impression that Toyota’s quality is tops when compared to all other automakers. Toyota had a rough 2009, to put it mildly. Toyota didn’t have a much better 2010 since the company announced a voluntary recall of 2.3 million vehicles to correct “sticking accelerator pedals.” Oddly enough, that new recall has...
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...Report 1 Grade: ……. The effect of organisation of visual material on subsequent recall Abstract Fifteen participants were tested in a repeated measures experiment. They were shown two sheets of visual images, one of which was organised into categories, while the other one was uncategorised. Recall was significantly higher in the categorised condition. This supports the view that organised materials can provides cues, even when they do not appear obvious. The study suggests that cues are also available for visual material, not just verbal material. Introduction Memory is a very complex and interesting area of psychology. It can take several different forms and is made up of a variety of different cognitive and social processes. As memory is a regularly occurring phenomenon which an individual will use every day, it is important to carry out research into the different aspects of memory to gain a better understanding of it and to be able to manage and control it. There has been a lot of interest in improving memory through organisation. Miller (1956) showed that one way of improving recall from short-term memory is by ‘chunking’ the information as it comes in. This is the process of breaking a large object, such as a phone number down into several smaller sections to make it easier to remember. There has been more work carried out into recall from long-term memory, where items have recently been presented and/or learned. Mandler (1967...
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...Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 2 240 words Contents Motion after effect: An assessment of Inter-ocular transfer 2 Primacy and recency effect and its Role on the serial position effect 8 Motion after effect: An assessment of inter-ocular transfer. Ruvimbo B Fellowes Anglia Ruskin University Abstract Prolonged observation of an unchangeable configuration produces adaptation which can be shown by an optical after effects such as the tilt illusions. The purposes relating aftereffect level to adapting contrast and adaptation time were comparable under the two testing conditions, with inter-ocular transfer remaining fairly constant. Complete inter-ocular transfer indicates physiological processes which causes perceptual fluctuations is not located in the retina but in central pathways common in the two eyes. The experiment shows motion after effect contains components or both peripheral and central. In typical observers these normally reveal inter-ocular transfer (IOT), being witnessed when the adapting and test inducements are revealed to alternating eyes. Introduction Physical stimulation and perception do not often correspond...
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...1982 John Doe Business Society September 30, 2015 Abstract In this paper I talked about the Johnson and Johnson Tylenol case of 1832. I explained the case and defended Johnson and Johnson’s ethical decision. I learned that this case paved the way for companies to start recalling their products if there is something wrong with them. Tylenol crisis of 1982 Johnson and Johnson’s Tylenol product had become one of the most successful over the counter product in the United States. Then mysterious deaths all around the US were being linked to Tylenol. Johnson and Johnson was faced with the ethical decision whether or not they should have a recall on their product or not. Many companies have been put in the ethical decision of right and wrong before. Johnson and Johnson decided that the best decision they could make was to recall their product from the market. Even though this decision may have set Johnson and Johnson back in the short term, eventually they were able to come back even stronger in the long term. Johnson and Johnson’s Tylenol was cashing in 19 percent of its profits. Tylenol was becoming one of the most successful products ever. The fall of 1982 comes around and there are reports of deaths that doctors are relating to Tylenol. Many Tylenol bottles were reported tampered with. Somebody had replaced the pills in a Tylenol bottle with cyanide-laced capsules. These pills were killing people. These deaths put the pressure on Johnson and Johnson to fix what had...
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...Week 4 Assignment 1/29/2012 Case Study: A Laid-off Glass Worker Issue in the case Ronald Petrie was laid off from the company on March 20, 1997 and from the beginning of May that year, the remaining employees of the Glass department were made to work over-time and at the same time; a few other employees from different departments were transferred to the Glass department. The Union’s contention is that the management was wrong in not making a recall for Petrie when it realized in the beginning of May that there can be an opening for a job in the Glass department, while the management argues that it is their right to decide whether the opening was required or not. The issue in the case is whether the management has violated the labor agreement by discharging Petrie and then putting other Glass department workers on overtime and transferring people from other classifications to this department, and not considering making a recall to Petrie for this duration of time. Union’s position The union’s position can be described as follows: (1) the labor agreement clearly tells that if employees are laid-off from work as a result of reduction in workforce, and an opening occurs in the classification they were working for, then they will be recalled to that classification in order of seniority provided the concerned employee is physically able to return to work and perform in a satisfactory manner, (2) looking at the overtime and temporary transfer hours worked for the Glass department...
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...concreteness and word length was the same. The list consists of 18 high frequency words and 18 low frequency words. Participants were also given a sheet of paper numbered 1-36. Participants were instructed to study and to write down an estimate (on the numbered paper given) of the chance of how well they would do at recalling each word on a later test (i.e. if you thought you had 80% chance of recalling a word, you would write down 80). After participants were presented with the words once, they were instructed that there would be an additional chance for them to study some of the words (without making recall estimates). While participants were instructed to write down estimate times, they were also told whether a word would be presented once or twice. After participants were done studying the list of words, they were then asked to write down as many words as they could recall. Procedure First participants were told to look in front of the classroom at the overhead projection as the instructor was about to present the list of 36 words. The instructor then began to run a practice trial. The...
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...costs of product recalls consists of two methods. The first is the accrual of “small campaigns” that are subject to a threshold of $100,000 (total campaign costs per product). Small campaigns are estimated and recorded together with the warranty reserve at the time of sale, since all payments related to such campaigns are expected to fall within the warranty period. The second is the accrual of “major campaigns” when announcement of the recall campaign is made. A major campaign involves consideration of numerous variables (for example, the number of defect occurrences, public safety issues, public relations concerns, evaluation of potential litigation, and so forth) and requires management approval prior to being announced. As part of a review of its accounting policies, Frequent Fixer began an internal evaluation of its product recall costs and its ability to reliably estimate and record product recall costs at the time of sale. The following summarizes the costs of announced product recall campaigns by Frequent Fixer in recent years: 1995 $ 8,000,000 1996 $ 11,500,000 1997 $ 15,500,000 1998 $ 20,000,000 1999 $ 32,000,000 2000 $ 50,000,000 From the data above, Frequent Fixer identified that the frequency and size of product recall campaigns, either voluntarily or mandated by industry regulators, have increased significantly in recent years. Frequent Fixer believes that the increased frequency and costs of product recall campaigns are the...
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...[pic] Content: 1. What were the root cause? 2. What did the company do to cope with this issue? 3. The impact on Toyota’s Business/ Reputation 4. If I am the new Ceo( Chief Executive Officer) of the company what kind of actions I am going to undertake? [pic][pic] [pic] 1. From 2009 to 2010, Toyota recalled millions of cars for accelerator pedal sticking. The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment. The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion. In March 2010, at the time of the recall, Toyota was unsure of the cause behind a spate of cars that would speed up without the driver's help. Hybrid’s breaking systems: Prius owners have reported that brakes momentarily fail when driving in icy or slippery conditions, or over potholes. Normally the anti-lock braking system engages and disengages many times a second as the system reacts to the slipping tyres. But - as Toyota puts it - some drivers have complained of "inconsistent brake feel" during slow and steady braking on some surfaces when ABS is activated.The solution involves an upgrade of the software in the braking system, which should take less than an hour and will be carried out for free by official Toyota service centres. Toyota stresses that the cars are still safe...
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...Running header: Johnson & Johnson Johnson & Johnson: The Tylenol Crisis Renita Edwards Virginia College MGT3410 Mike Aday 3/20/2008 Outline I) Brief history of Tylenol crisis II) Recalling the product from points of view a) Economic point of view b) Legal point of view c) Moral point of view III) Benefit from the company’s credo and mission statements a) Johnson & Johnson b) Bristol- Myers Squibb c) Merck Corporation d) Bridgestone Tires IV) Conclusion Johnson & Johnson: The Tylenol Crisis Brief History During the fall of 1982, on September 30, Johnson & Johnson CEO James Burke received the horrible information that several deaths had occurred. The deaths of seven people were a result of them taking cyanide-laced capsules of Extra Strength Tylenol. This information captivated the nation’s attention. Before this happen Johnson& Johnson “had captured over 35 percent of the $ 1 billion analgesic market- over three times the market share of it’s nearest competitor.” (Boatright, 2007) Tylenol was actually dominating the analgesic market; this product was making a lot of money for Johnson & Johnson. The cyanide was placed into the capsules of the Extra Strength Tylenol, the capsules were easy to lace because they could be pulled apart and put back together again and no one not know it. James Burke and staff found out that “the tampering had...
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...associated with the possible introduction of a recall amendment. One of the many positives associated with such an amendment would certainly be the ability to hold politicians accountable for the pledges and promises that they make during their campaign for election. Today it seems that politicians will pledge anything just for election purposes, yet often choose to forget all about those promises once elected into office. (“They Made A Promise”, 2012). With a recall amendment, this allows for the ability to monitor the most important promises and make sure they are not ignored until the next election. The recall amendment would help Americans hold politicians accountable for their inaction and broken pledges. Another aspect of the possibility of a recall amendment is the formation of a Democracy by the people. Because the recall is a process by which the people seek to remove an elected official from office, this would ultimately result in the formation of a democracy. This form of direct democracy fails to exist in the U.S. Federal Constitution. This sort of formation has been used selectively in some countries as well as on a limited basis in a few states here in the United States. Needless to say, this initiative process would open the doors for a Democracy by the people. In addition to the positives associated with the recall amendment, there are negative aspects that come along with it as well. In the event that the recall amendment was implemented and enforced, the...
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...and efficient flow the business as they follow the conditions given to them. 3. If I am the marketing manager of embassy, the measures that I will be going to institute so as to make embassy remain as a popular “having-out among teens is that I must lessen or limit the serving of alcoholic drinks which will give a bad effect on teenagers” health. Instead, I will suggest serving new drinks that will be loved by teens such as juices or beverages that has only a small time I’ll suggest to serve foods which will be a good compliment to new drinks that I suggested. CASELET 2 MATTEL ISSUES NEW MASSIVE CHINA TOY RECALL ABOUT 9 MILLION ITEMS RECALLED; DANGER FROM MAGNETS AND LEAD PAINT Questions: 1. What do the recalls of various toys say about current product quality strategies? 2. As the owner of Mattel, what must you do in order to prevent product recalls? 3. Prepare SWOT analysis for Mattel. Answers: 1. If I am the marketing manager of embassy, the measures that I will be going to institute so as to make embassy remain as a popular “having-out among teens is that I must lessen or limit the serving of alcoholic drinks which will give a bad effect...
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...I. OBJECTIVE: To provide proper action regarding Product Recall To establish coordination with the supplier/s when a certain product is recalled. II. SCOPE: All products that are subjected to be recalled under the DOH-FDA declaration. III. RESPONSIBILITY * Pharmacist * Owner/Manager IV. PROCEDURE 1. The pharmacist is important person to accomplish this task. 2. The distributor company will inform the drugstore about the product recall through a Product Recall Letter* containing the details of product/s to be recalled. 3. The pharmacist must be particular on the batch no or lot no of the product that is being recalled from the market to facilitate removal of stock in the shelves and the store. 4. After the batch no has been checked, see to it that the product is removed from the shelves so that it will not be sold anymore. 5. Coordinate to the supplier when will be the product withdrawn. 6. Wait for further pronouncement of the recall to be updated. V. QUALITY OF RECORDS: The letter and withdrawal form should be kept for further purposes. VI. FORMS: Logbook VII. END OF DOCUMENT GOOD DISPENSING I. OBJECTIVE: To provide standard operating procedure for Dispensing Prescription Drugs. To insist use of generic equivalent drugs which are cost-effective in nature. II. SCOPE: All prescriptions, generic equivalent drugs and Over-The-Counter drugs. III. RESPONSIBILITY * Pharmacist * Pharmacy Assistant ...
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...beer. The only drawback is they can't be returned for refilling. True Kegerator Consumer Reviews True makes a wide variety of kegerators, so we compiled as many reviews of the True brand products as we could find and came up with an average based on the public reviews of all their kegerator products. True brand kegerators rate highly among those who have purchased them. The majority of reviews we found were in a range of four and a half to five stars, which is a good indication they must be doing something right. That coupled with the fact that they have been around since 1945 should give you the peace of mind that buying any of the True brand of kegerators is a safe bet. However, that doesn't mean they are all without flaws. It means you should perform some additional due diligence on the True kegerator products you are interested in buying before you make any final decisions. Helpful Tips and Tricks 1. Clean all the components regularly if you don't want sediment and residue to buildup and taint the flavor of your beer, to protect your investment and to help make sure you continue to receive smooth, fresh beer on a regular basis. 2. Most kegerators come equipped with an American Sankey "D" system keg coupler. 3. Sometimes barrel kegs are called "6", which refers to 1/6 barrel kegs. Commercial keg sizes are 1/2, 1/4 and 1/6. 4. You don't have to use CO2 with a beer keg as a pump tap will work just as well. However, it's highly recommended that you use CO2 because...
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...Toyota Recall: Five Critical Lessons Posted by Michael Connor • January 31, 2010 • Printer-friendly by Michael Connor Toyota’s announcement of a technical fix for its sticky gas pedals – which can lead to sudden acceleration problems - is not likely to bring a quick end to the company’s current recall nightmare. Having already halted sales and production of eight of its top-selling cars in the U.S. - and recalled more than 9 million cars worldwide, in two separate recalls – Toyota faces the prospect of billions of dollars in charges and operating losses. The Toyota brand, once almost synonymous with top quality, has taken a heavy hit. While all the facts are not yet in, it’s clear that Toyota’s crisis didn’t emerge full-blown overnight. Fixing the problem and ensuring that something like it doesn’t happen again will require an all-out effort, from assembly line to the boardroom. Even then, there are no guarantees. Maintaining a good corporate reputation in the 21st century is tricky business indeed. Toyota’s case offers a number of valuable lessons for other business people and companies to consider. Here, for starters, are five: Aggressive growth can create unmanageable risk. Toyota’s desire to supplant General Motors as the world’s number-one car-maker pushed it to the outer limits of quality control. “The evidence that Toyota was expanding too much and too quickly started surfacing a couple of years ago. Not on the company's bottom line, but on its car-quality ratings...
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