...Foundations of Psychology Robert Irvine PSY/300 November 29, 2010 Robert J. Martinez Foundations of Psychology Psychology and all its complex schools of thoughts, developed by numerous individuals involved in breaking down the human mind and how it functions and operates, will be explained in this paper. Along with the schools of thought, and their underlying assumptions, this paper will also attempt to identify the primary foundations of psychology, and how they are linked to behavior. Edward Titchener initiated his own school of thought known as structuralism. A student of Wilhelm Wundt, often described as “the father of psychology,” Titchener adopted the use of Wundt’s introspection in experiments, with the hope of devising a periodic table of elements of human consciousness. He believed that his experimentation was the only appropriate method to achieve results scientifically, and that Wundt’s concepts of attention implied too much free will to be useful for scientific research. Structuralism was one school of thought that was dominant in the early years, the other was functionalism. Functionalism is the thought that emphasizes the role of psychological processes that help individuals adapt to their environment, rather than focusing on the contents of the mind. One of the founders of functionalism was William James. A psychologist from Harvard University, he penned the first textbook in 1890. He believed the knowledge of Human psychology could come from many sources...
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...Marketing Research FINAL REPORT ESTABLISHING A KARAOKE CLUB – RESTAURANT “OPERA HALLS” IN VIENNA. Completion Date: 31 January 2012 Table of Contents 1. 2. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 4 Statement of Research Purpose and Objective .................................................................... 6 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. Concept of the Karaoke Club-Raestaurant “Opera Halls” .............................................. 6 Marketing problem ....................................................................................................... 6 Purpose of Research Project ......................................................................................... 6 Research Method.......................................................................................................... 7 Secondary research ............................................................................................... 7 Qualitative research ............................................................................................... 7 Quantitative research ............................................................................................ 8 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.5. Time schedule and Responsibility Matrix ...................................................................... 9 3. Research design and methodology .....................................................
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...Moldenhauer Archives at the Library of Congress | Table of Contents Music History from Primary Sources An Introductory Essay Alfred Mann A vellum leaf, 22 by 17 cm., from a prayer book. The letter forms of early Gothic script suggest the twelfth century, or a period even earlier. Neumes (marked in red) are placed above the first four lines of the Latin text. The entire page is richly illuminated in black, red, and blue, with a heavy gold layer decorating the initial A for the phrase beginning "Adoro te." The leaf was obtained for the Moldenhauer Archives from the music dealer and publishing firm Schneider, Tutzing. The Art of Musical Notation In its primary sources, music merges with the representational arts. Oral tradition has played a fundamental role in all ages, but in its formal sense, history--and the history of music--begins with the visual record. Musical notation, having emerged on a wide scale in all civilizations, produced in itself a highly individual record of artistic endeavor. The medieval monks who compiled the missals and other liturgical books for the service of worship rose from their function as scribes to artists in their own right; among the greatest documents of Baroque art are the holographs by Bach; and an entirely novel phase in artistic musical score design was initiated in the twentieth century. The primary sources of music reproduced in this volume rely on various aspects of the graphic arts, but foremost among them stands the representation...
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...of 8 How to Structure & Organize Your Paper Organizing Your Thoughts Making sense out of your observations about a text is a difficult task. Even once you've figured out what it is that you want to say, you are left with the problem of how to say it. With which idea should you begin? Should you address the opinions of other thinkers? As to that stubborn contradiction you've uncovered in your own thinking: what do you do with that? Writing papers in college requires that you come up with sophisticated, complex, and even creative ways of structuring your ideas. Accordingly, there are no simple formulae that we can offer you that will work for every paper, every time. We can, however, give you some things to think about that will help you as you consider how to structure your paper. Let Your Thesis Direct You Begin by listening to your thesis. If it is well-written, it will tell you which way to go with your paper. Suppose, for example, that in responding to Richard Pipes' book, The Russian Revolution, you have written a thesis that says: The purpose of the Russian Revolution was not only to revise Russia's class system, but to create a new world, and within that world, a new kind of human being. This thesis provides the writer (and the reader) with several clues about how best to structure the paper. First, the thesis promises the reader that it will argue that the Russian Revolution was not simply a matter of class. The paper will therefore begin by saying that although...
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...nota all'articolo. I punti di vista espressi nei quaderni della Facoltà di Economia riflettono unicamente le opinioni degli autori, e non rispecchiano necessariamente quelli della Facoltà di Economia dell'Università dell'Insubria. These Working papers collect the work of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Insubria. The publication of work by other Authors can be proposed by a member of the Faculty, provided that the paper has been presented in public. The name of the proposer is reported in a footnote. The views expressed in the Working papers reflect the opinions of the Authors only, and not necessarily the ones of the Economics Faculty of the University of Insubria. © Copyright Ivan Moscati Printed in Italy in december 2012 Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Monte Generoso, 71, 21100 Varese, Italy All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the Author. How cardinal utility entered economic analysis during the Ordinal Revolution* Ivan Moscati University of Insubria, Varese (Italy) This draft: November 2012 * I am grateful to the participants at the 2012 meetings of the ESHET, the HES and the STOREP for their helpful comments on previous drafts of the paper. I also thank the members of the staff of the Rare Book & Manuscript Library...
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...College Abstract This research paper will present Hitler’s life from childhood till death, and how his character was shaped by happenings throughout his life. Conducting this research happened by studying Hitler’s biography from different points of view and analyzing the happenings he experienced to prove if Hitler was a man or a monster. Hitler: Man or Monster The man who has become known to many as the worst warmonger in history had humble, even bohemian beginnings. Believe it or not, Adolf Hitler was once a struggling artist, selling watercolor paintings of Viennese landmarks to keep him out of the poor house. How did Hitler go from this penny-pinching life to leading the Nazi Party and eventually Germany itself? Troubled Childhood Born 1889, April 20 – Adolf Hitler was born in an inn in the Austrian village of Braunau-am-Inn. He was the third child of Alois Hitler who was a customs official and his third wife Klara who came from a poor peasant family, but the other two children had died in infancy. Life was financially comfortable for the Hitler family but Alois was a domineering character and young Adolf frequently found himself on the wrong side of his father's short temper. At second Adolf had a half-brother, Alois Jr, and a half-sister, Angela, from Alois' previous marriage. Adolf's younger brother, Edmund, was be born in 1896. Another sister, Paula, was born in 1896 and would outlive Adolf, dying in 1960. Swastika, 1897 – At primary school Hitler was a clever,...
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...radio (B) Take a later train. (C) Ron to catch the next train. (D) Check the weekend schedule. 3. (A) Deliver the notebook to Kathy. (B) Find out where Kathy put the notebook. (C) Ask Kathy to explain the chemistry notes. (D) Ask Kathy for the man’s notebook. 4. (A) The walk is shorter than the woman thinks it is. (B) The lecture has already started. (C) They won’t have a problem getting seats. (D) The lecture may be canceled. 5. (A) The woman should have studied French in Paris. (B) He didn’t study French in high school. (C) Living in Paris helped improve the woman’s language skills. (D) The woman must have had a good French teacher. 6. (A) Apologize to his roommate. (B) Give the notes to the woman. (C) Call the woman tonight. (D) Take the woman’s notes to his roommate. 7. (A) She doesn’t have time to talk to Dr. Foster. (B) She needs the additional time to finish her paper. (C) Dr. Foster hasn’t finished grading the papers. (D) She wants the man to help her with her paper. 8. (A) Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation. (B) Ask her parents to come a different weekend. (C) Call local hotels again in a few days. (D) Find a hotel again in a few days. 9. (A) Main her some information about the conference. (B) Drive her to the conference. (C) Attend the conference in her place. (D) Collect her main while she’s at the conference. 10. (A)The man should stop by the bookstore on the way to class. (B) The man can return the books he doesn’t need. (C) The man should have bought his books...
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...EnrichmEnt GuidE – A true story School Dates: September 14 – OctOber 5, 2007 Adapted by Emil Sher Based on the book by Karen Levine Originally published by Second Story Press Media Sponsor: nal dditiovisit For a rials, mate tage.org! FirstS Please be sure to share this guide with all teachers who are taking their students to see this production. Photocopy or download additional copies from FirstStage.org INSIDE THE GUIDE preparing for the play A NOTE TO TEACHERS AND PARENTS HANA’S SUITCASE is the true story of Jewish girl who died at Auschwitz at the age of thirteen and how, although her life was taken at such a young age, her memory and spirit continue to live on today. Adapted from the book of the same title by Karen Levine, HANA’S SUITCASE explores the journey of teacher and children at the Tokyo Holocaust Education Center take to find out who Hana Brady is—all from a suitcase the Center received with Hana’s name, birth date, and the word waisenkind (orphan) written on it. The children at the Center are captivated by this suitcase, and the girl who once owned it, and they begin flooding Fumiko Ishioka, the Center’s Director, with question after question about Hana. Fumiko recognizes the importance of uncovering Hana’s story for her students. This tragic event cannot be summed up in numbers or facts— it affected individuals, young and old, who each had a story, families, and hopes and dreams. As Fumiko slowly but determinedly reveals Hana’s story...
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...Source BBC: Adolf Eichmann did not work hard or do well at school and left without any qualifications. His father, who had meanwhile started an oil-extraction business, gave him a job. Eichmann worked on the surface and in underground oil-shale tunnels before moving to an apprenticeship with an electrical engineering firm. In 1927 his father used family contacts to get him a job with another oil company. Little attention has been paid to Eichmann's work experience, but it had a significant bearing on his career in the SS. Eichmann was adept at learning practical skills on the job, under the tutelage of seniors he respected. While he continued to live at home, he ranged over Upper Austria selling oil products, locating sites for petrol stations, and setting them up. He also arranged kerosene deliveries. On Saturday he conscientiously completed his paperwork and reported to his superiors. Eichmann did well and was transferred to the Salzburg district. But by 1933 he had tired of the job and, anyway, was laid off. He had learned a lot, though: how to identify prime sites at communication junctions, how to timetable and organise deliveries, how to sell a product and persuade people to do your bidding. During his trial he pretended to be apolitical, but Eichmann came from a strongly German nationalist family. Like many Germans his father lost his wealth during the post-war economic crisis and had the embittering experience of starting all over again. He enrolled his son in the...
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...Freud changed the way society has come to think about and treat mental illness. Before Freud, mental illness was thought to result from deterioration or disease of the brain. Freud changed all of this by explicitly rejecting the purely organic or physical explanations of his predecessors. Instead he believed that unconscious motives and drives controlled most behavior. During a career that spanned 58 years, beginning with an earned medical degree in 1881 and continuing to his death in 1939, he developed and repeatedly revised his theory of psychoanalysis. Most of Freud’s theory was developed from contact he had with patients seen in his private practice in Vienna. This type of “clinical” work was a radical departure from the laboratory research that was practiced by most leading psychologists of the day. When Freud first presented his ideas in the 1890s, many of his contemporaries reacted with hostility. In fact, throughout his career, Freud faced enormous opposition to many of his ideas. Those especially controversial included notions about the role of the unconscious in behavior, childhood sexuality, and how the mind was governed (id, ego, and superego). But despite the opposition, Freud eventually attracted a group of followers that included well-known theorists 1856–1939 AUSTRIAN PHYSICIAN, PSYCHIATRIST VIENNA UNIVERSITY, M.D., 1881 1 4 5 S i g m u n d S c h l o m o F r e u d social relationships are patterned after his or her early family relationships. ...
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...* * Child Molestation and Homosexuality Ann Landers used to proclaim that the statement “Homosexuals are more inclined to molest children sexually than heterosexuals” is false.1 The American Psychological Association sponsored a work asserting: “Recognized researchers in the field on child abuse,… almost unanimously concur that homosexual people are actually less likely to approach children sexually.”2 Why is it, then, that we read about sex between boys and men in every newspaper? Does it merely reflect sensationalist journalism? We know that heterosexual molestation also occurs. But since there are so many more heterosexuals than homosexuals, which kind of child molestation — homosexual or heterosexual — is proportionately more common? The Scientific Evidence Three kinds of scientific evidence point to the proportion of homosexual molestation: 1) survey reports of molestation in the general population, 2) surveys of those caught and convicted of molestation, and 3) what homosexuals themselves have reported. These three lines of evidence suggest that the 1%-to-3% of adults who practice homosexuality3account for between a fifth and a third of all child molestation. Reports of Molestation by the General Population In 1983, a probability survey of the sexual experiences of 4,340 adults in five U.S. cities found that about 3% of men and 7% of women reported sexual involvement with a man before the age of 13 (i.e., 30% was homosexual).4 In 1983-84, a random survey...
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...MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized, perpetuated and its manifestations. • Theories also help a counsellor to predict behaviour. The prediction of behaviour is quite important in the cases where a client manifests destructive behaviour. • Finally theories also help a counsellor to control behaviour. This is also important in cases where behaviours are destructive. Each theory has stipulated techniques which are meant to control behaviour. Types of Theories There are several types of theories which helps a counsellor to understand, predict and control behaviour. But for this course, emphasis will be placed on the following theories: • Psychological Theory • Behaviour Theory • Poison Centred Theory • Cognitive Behavioural Theory THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Background Before the development of the psychological view point in terms of understanding, the human behaviour, in the late 18th Century and Mid 19th Century by Mesmer, Dr. John Breur, Dr. Jean Charcot among others. Psychological disorders and disturbances was mainly looked...
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...and Schools of Criticism Introduction A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory. The different lenses also allow critics to focus on particular aspects of a work they consider important. For example, if a critic is working with certain Marxist theories, s/he might focus on how the characters in a story interact based on their economic situation. If a critic is working with post-colonial theories, s/he might consider the same story but look at how characters from colonial powers (Britain, France, and even America) treat characters from, say, Africa or the Caribbean. Hopefully, after reading through and working with the resources in this area of the OWL, literary theory will become a little easier to understand and use. Disclaimer Please note that the schools of literary criticism and their explanations included here are by no means the only ways of distinguishing these separate areas of theory. Indeed, many critics use tools from two or more schools in their work. Some would define differently or greatly expand the (very) general statements given here. Our explanations are meant only as starting places for your own investigation into literary theory. We encourage you to use the list of scholars and works provided for each school to further...
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...Research Methodologies in Supply Chain Management Herbert Kotzab ´ Stefan Seuring Martin Mçller ´ Gerald Reiner (Editors) Research Methodologies in Supply Chain Management In Collaboration with Magnus Westhaus With 71 Figures and 67 Tables Physica-Verlag A Springer Company Professor Dr. Herbert Kotzab Copenhagen Business School Department of Operations Management SCM-Group Solbjerg Plads 3 2000 Frederiksberg Denmark hk.om@cbs.dk PD Dr. Stefan Seuring PD Dr. Martin Mçller Supply Chain Management Center Institute of Business Administration Faculty of Business, Economics and Law Uhlhornsweg 26111 Oldenburg Germany stefan.seuring@uni-oldenburg.de martin.mueller@uni-oldenburg.de Dr. Gerald Reiner Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Department of Production Management Nordbergstraûe 15 1090 Vienna Austria gerald.reiner@wu-wien.ac.at Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924508 ISBN 3-7908-1583-7 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must...
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...RESULTS OF THE ERASMUS IP INNO NATOUR 20112012......................................................... 19 FINAL REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS .................................................................................. 20 INDIVIDUAL POST CASE STUDIES OF THE STUDENTS ................................................................. 44 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ..................................................................................................149 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................................153 INNO NATOUR. Lesson learnt from innovation in nature based tourism services 4 INTRODUCTION The European Union gives a main role to the research, development and...
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