...Page 1 of 15 Public Police and Private Security - Impact of Blurred Boundaries on Accountability ‘Gap’ Public safety and security are understood to be the responsibility of the state to its citizens as a ‘social right’ agreed between the government and its citizens, (Kempa, Carrier, Wood, and Shearing, 1999) enforced through policing, establishing a line of accountability between the publicly funded police and their citizens, providing services on a non-profit basis, (Department of Criminology, 2009/2010). Bayley and Shearing, (1996) describe public policing as government ‘monopoly’ which in recent times has inevitably undergone restructuring enabling private security to blossom. Significantly, the boundaries between the roles of the public police and private security have become less clear in recent years, despite the varying degrees to which the private security and the public police are regulated, creating accountability gap between the ‘highly regulated’ public police and the ‘barely regulated’ private security. Johnston, (1999) describes the term ‘policing’ as a ‘social function’ while the term ‘police’ refers to agents. According to Johnston, (1999) policing is a form of social control. As many aspects of life can be influenced by a social control, Cohen, (1985, as cited in Innes, 2003:13; Johnston, 1999) defines social control in the context of policing as organised (societal) response to deviant behaviour. Reiner (1997, as cited in Johnston, 1999) describes...
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...Justice and Security | Public Policing versus Private Security Comparison | AJS/502 | Latisha Lipsey | 5/19/2014 | | Public policing and private security have many similarities as well as differences. There are a couple of different fields of policing, which include private security and public policing. State government, city government, and towns provide the community with public policing to enforce laws and serve and protect the citizens (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). Private security functions include loss prevention duties or protective services. Private security also specializes in closed circuit monitoring services, secret level clearance, and patrol. Public policing has the right to arrest, where as private policing does not have the right to arrest, but they are able to detain someone until law enforcement arrives (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). There are some cases where private security goes undercover, which is similar to public policing, this is to blend in with the environment and also used as asset protection. The vision between public policing and private security has been a little blurred through the years, private police look like and at times behave like public police, and there are also similarities of the job activities and responsibilities (The Debate on Private Versus Public Policing, 2007). But there is a huge difference between the two, in which the hiring process for public includes a physical...
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...Public Policing versus Private Security Achievement in civic monitoring depends on a successful conglomerate structure which aggressively looks for innovative prospects for partnership opportunities in problem-solving. Public policing and private security are significant schemes of patrolling and safeguarding property and citizens. Both provide identical services and goals like preventing criminality and mayhem, recognizing offenders, and guaranteeing the safety of the general public and assets. When comparing public policing to private security there are several similarities and differences between the two roles. Additionally, public police officers have the authority to enforce laws and protect and serve society while private security officers are paid to protect private property and personnel. The separations of private and public security departments have been can be noted since the boom of private security companies in the early 2000’s and can be seen even before these years as private security has been around since the early 60’s, there are now major corporations dedicated to the private security sector who secure and manage numerous properties all over the countries and in causes such as Wackenhut Security company, all over the world. The developing section of the private security continues to be towards sentries and watch components in the community, shopping complex, isolated neighborhoods, high-rise compound, or financial institutes all have their own private...
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...Page 1 Mr Sergey Vakulenko 04/04/16 Unit Title: Security Procedures in the Public Services Unit N: 18 P1. Identify the threats and the consequences of a failure in securities that exist to the security of people, property and premises in a public service. ..For this example we take a nightclub with a capacity of about 300 people. My role is DS – doorman. We have to secure the safety of premises, people and everyone. Potential threats that we possibly can have are: 1. Drunken people coming in 2. Drug pushers trying to get in and sell their drugs inside 3. Overcrowding 4. People bringing weapons in M1. Explain the use and application of the most suitable security measure to deal appropriately with the threats. In this case the most suitable security measures to deal appropriately with these threats would be: 1. Drunken people – you can refuse the entry for them. 2. Drug pushers - you can search them; if the drug is found you confiscate it, secure in a secured place and then refuse the entry for them 3. Overcrowding – you use the special counter to count the amount of people who went in and when the critical mass is approaching (in our case it is something like 250-260 people) you have to come out to the queue and tell people that they may or may not be admitted because there is not enough space inside of a venue. 4. Weapons – you search...
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...public cloud computing services “The agility, cost savings and fast response times of public cloud services can afford financial enterprises huge business opportunities”,says Stephen Schmidt, vice-president and chief information security officer of Amazon Web Services (AWS).As is becoming more and more known to us,public cloud computing services promises to play an important part in our society. A cloud is called a "public cloud" when the services are rendered over a network that is open for public use. A public cloud is a set of computers and computer network resources based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet[1] . Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.In the public cloud, your network resources and IT expenses are shared among users – resulting in lower costs, while allowing for total elasticity. For instance, if your network calls for more resources one month, while less the next, scaling your network to match is as simple as flipping a switch.Technically there may be little or no difference between public and private cloud architecture, however, security consideration may be substantially different for services (applications, storage, and other resources) that are made available by a service provider for a public audience and when communication is effected over a non-trusted network. Generally, public...
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...cloud Securit y Securing the Cloud for the Enterprise A Joint White Paper from Symantec and VMware White Paper: Cloud Security Securing the Cloud for the Enterprise for A Joint White Paper from Symantec and VMware Contents Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.0 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Enterprise computing trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Transitions in the journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evolving threat and compliance landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A security strategy for the cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.0 Key elements of cloud security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...solution to give support resource consuming applications. If the mobiles are integrated with the cloud then user can get more facilities with resources required and big storage space for storing his private data. With addition to the benefits of cloud, there is a chance to face the security and privacy issues of the user data. This paper discuss important concepts of cloud computing and general security issues happened in mobile side as well as cloud and also describes basic idea of Kerberos. The aim of this paper is to propose the strong authenticated framework when mobiles are connected to cloud. We have proposed the improvement in the mobile cloud based framework for better security and privacy. Keywords: mobile cloud computing applications, security of data, Kerberos 2. Introduction and literature survey Rapid development in the mobile devices and cloud computing has creating some attention to everyone in the IT industry. Consider the development of security in almost everywhere over Internet; mobile devices are also not the exceptions to deal with respect to the security. In this paper we have focused mainly on the security related issues in the user identity in network, given the cloud services integrated with mobile devices. Here we describe small discussion on cloud and Kerberos. 2.1 Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a recent trend to provide...
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...Security and Management week 1 conference 1 Since 9/11 security has moved from the periphery to the center, with the Government, Private Organizations, and individual citizens placing more emphasis on the need for Security. Security services today are sophisticated and complex it involves the use of criminal and civil law, investigations, policy formulation, psychology, and sociology just to name a few. The most important purpose of security is that of guardian and protector (ortemeir 2013 pg. 4). Ortemeir states that large facilities can utilize security personnel, instead of mailroom staff, to provide internal mail and delivery services, thus increasing value to the organization by cutting delivery costs, while increasing patrol activity. In an organizational sense security is a function and responsibility that is throughout the operation of all public agencies and private institutions. (Ortemeir 2013 pg. 4-5) The roles of public law enforcement are to keep the peace, maintain order, police public property, and respond to and investigate reported crimes on public, and private property, the public police have no authority to enforce a private organizations policies and procedures. Some of the benefits of Law enforcement, and Security partnerships for example include Law enforcement can prepare private security to assist in emergencies, obtain free training, and services, reduce the numbers of calls for service. Security services providers can gain information from law...
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...satisfaction from e-Government services: Lessons from Jordan”, Government Information Quarterly 277–288. This study is about the identification of the determinants that influencing the users satisfaction towards e-Government services portal which was held in Jordan. in other words its about the determination Jordanians’ e-Satisfaction with Jordan’s e-Government services portal. Five factors were identified through past literature review includes security and privacy, trust, accessibility, awareness of public services, and quality of public services, that may affect the Jordanians' level of satisfaction towards using the Jordan e-Government portal (www.jordan.gov.jo). The survey was done among 400 employees in four universities in the northern region of Jordan and based on the data collected, it was used to test the proposed hypotheses. By using the multiple linear regression and factor analyses, the empirical analysis demonstrates several key findings which indicate the usefulness and importance to unveil the key drivers of e-Satisfaction in providing portals which are compatible with citizens' needs, desires, and expectations. The research problem is that the online user's satisfaction is a multi-dimensional construct combining technical, behavioral and marketing determinants that affect acceptance, usage and users' feelings after use of any technological innovation whereby it is a crucial factor for continual usage of e-Government services and for the success or failure...
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...The private security industry in the United States, can be traced as far back as the mid nineteenth century, where this type of service was primarily used to help fill the gaps created by public police forces in major cities that were just forming . Ever since man has figured out there was a difference between “mine” and “yours”, there has been a need for private security. Private security is just that, it is a person who is paid to protect property, assets, or even people. Private security is plays a vital role and is essential to ensuring the security and safety of persons and property, as well as intellectual property and sensitive corporate information. The United States for example, adopted private security around the 1700’s. It was said that settlers were first venturing out Westward from the East Coast area and quickly ran into hostile Indian tribes along the way. This also posed a serious threat to their safety and well-being. Over the years the role of private security has changed, from its simplest form of protecting people, property, and information to a more complex form, of individuals and businesses that provide, for a fee, services to clientele to protect their persons, their private property, or their interests from various hazards. Early in its existence, training for private security was almost non-existent or inadequate at best. Over the years, training has greatly improved and with that improvement came strict standards and guidelines. By the 1800’s,...
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...INDIABULLS SECURITIES LIMITED Indiabulls Securities restricted was incorporated as GPF Securities non-public restricted on June nine, 1995. The name of the corporate was modified to Orbis Securities non-public restricted on Dec fifteen, 1995 to vary the profile of the corporate and later on attributable to the conversion of the corporate into a public restricted company; the name was any modified to Orbis Securities restricted on Jan five, 2004. The name of the corporate was once more modified to Indiabulls Securities restricted on February sixteen, 2004 thus on take advantage of the complete image of the term “Indiabulls” within the name. ISL may be a company member of capital market; by-product phase of The National securities market of...
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...Briefing Report Ashley Jones SEC315 Professor Michael Tunick January 20, 2012 Abstract This essay investigates the security measures that are being undertaken by the Federal Protective Service to assure security to the general public. It evaluates these measures to determine if they are sufficiently comprehensive to combat a potential threat of a similar magnitude to the Oklahoma City bombing. In addition, the essay compares these security measures to those of the “John Hancock Tower” in Boston City. Further, it elucidates the weakness of Federal Protective Services in relation to security services provided at “John Hancock Tower”. According to the literature, the protocol of FPS usually has frequent security lapses that often leave the people vulnerable to bomb or terrorist attacks (Mearsheimer, J. J. 2007). Briefing Report The Federal Protection Service has been the people’s last hope against terror threat since the September 11. The police unit provides integrated security to federally owned buildings or properties. It is known to organize its security operations within the guiding principles of technical expertise, organizational excellence and proper stakeholder service. However, the recent trend of security lapses in their protocol has caused some panic among the general public as well as within the government quarters. For instance, only a few months ago in McNamara Federal Building that is situated Downtown Detroit, there was a serious bomb scare when it...
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...Public Policing Versus Private Security Trina Burkett AJS/502 March 19, 2012 Dr. Pamela Knothe Public Policing Versus Private Security When comparing public policing to private security there are several similarities and differences between the two roles. Private security is paid by a private company or agency, whereas public policing is paid by government salaries and by tax payers. Public police officers have the authority to enforce laws and protect and serve society. Private security officers are paid to protect private property and personnel. Most of the duties that public policing and private security officers perform are similar. The services that both officers perform are to achieve similar goals, to prevent, and deter crimes. Public policing and private security officers serve as leaders while performing their duties. Public policing and private security officers have a positive impact on the criminal justice system. The impact that both of these companies have on the criminal justice system could be enhanced if both would team up, work together, and look toward the future. Other topics that will be discussed are the importance of a comprehensive security plan and its key components. There are several differences between public policing and private security. Even though both public policing and private security perform the same type of work, private security protects organizations and personnel. Public policing has the authority to enforce the laws...
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...Public Policing vs. Private Security Public Policing vs. Private Security It is in my estimation, public policing stands for more in society than private security because of the funding provided. The duties and responsibilities to enforce the law and maintain order in society is that of public policing. Agencies paid to perform the protective and lost-prevention type duties not handled by police officers are the private security agencies. Society needs to know the pros and cons for each agency to ensure that agency will protect him or her for the correct reasons. In comparing public policing and private security for society, most individuals need to see the different branches and what each agency offers to ensure the best for the situation. Most agencies leave a good review for society and attempt to provide information on public locations for society to view to gain more knowledge about each system and organization. There are several distinct differences between public policing and private security. Public policing does the following: 1) maintain order, 2) performs community service, 3) detect crime, 4) handle crime, and 5) prevent crime, 6) traffic control, 7) stop and questioning an individual, 8) search/seize individuals and their personal belongings, 9) conduct interrogations, and 10) arrest an individual. Private security does the following paid duties: 1) serves as an escort, 2) patrol housing and business areas, 3) serves as guards at gates, 4) transport valuables...
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...Private Security Laws Joseph Hawley SEC/350 February 4, 2013 Ralph Martinez Private Security Laws The State of California requires that any person or company that provides private security, loss prevention, executive protection, private investigations or security officer training services must be licensed by the State. These licensing requirements are among the most stringent in the nation with significant penalties for anyone found to be in violation. Any person or company providing security, protective or loss prevention services must be licensed by the State. This license is called a Private Patrol Operator license or “PPO”. PPO licenses are issued by the California State Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Security and Investigative Services. Anyone providing these services whether in uniform or plainclothes as an independent contractor (not your employee) is required to possess a valid PPO issued by the State. All employees whose job duties include a security, protective or loss prevention function, whether in uniform or plainclothes, whether they are an employee of your security vendor (PPO) or your own employee (Proprietary), must undergo a State required background check and submit fingerprints to State and Federal authorities from California Department of Justice and FBI. Additionally, employees of a PPO must also undergo State mandated training requirements. Once these conditions are satisfactorily completed the employee will receive a registration certificate...
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