...Associate Level Material Sedimentary Rock Worksheet Use the following table to describe and distinguish between the effects of weathering and erosion. Each response must be at least 200 words. |Effects of Weathering |Effects of Erosion |What are the Differences? | |Weathering breaks down and decomposes |Erosion removes materials from the surface |The difference between weathering and | |rocks. There are chemical and mechanical |and changes it into something else. The |erosion is no movement is involved in | |types of weathering. The mechanical version|hydraulic actions transport solid material |weathering. If an item is loosened | |of weathering breaks down rock material |such as sedimentary rocks from one area to |mechanically or chemically and stays in the| |into smaller pieces with no chemical |another area where it is then deposited. |same place in which it happens the process | |composition of the weathered material. |Erosion degrades the land. When the land or|of weathering has occurred. If the | |Chemical weathering breaks down rocks using|road get better grades are degraded it |weathered item starts to move, for instance| |a chemical agent; acid rain is an example |causes excessive damage over time. Erosion |the movement could be caused by wind, or in| |of chemical weathering. Biological |could cause cities, towns, and tax payers...
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...Associate Level Material Sedimentary Rock Worksheet Use the following table to describe and distinguish between the effects of weathering and erosion. Each response must be at least 200 words. Effects of Weathering Effects of Erosion What are the Differences? Mechanical or physical weathering includes two main processes: fracturing and abrasion, which may be intense in wet and dry regions. Wind, rain, snow, ice and other geological events cause mechanical weathering. This type of weathering leads to splitting of rocks and minerals into fragments. Big and sudden changes in air temperature, which are very common in deserts or water temperature changes, always cause expansion or contraction of minerals. For example, when water enters a crack and freezes, it widens the crack and eventually leads to breaking of the surface. Plant roots have a similar effect when they grow so big that they reach the crack in the rock. At some point, the rock will fall apart. This type of weathering changes the mineral composition of rocks by chemical processes and it can sometimes lead to dangerous conditions. Water is the basic agent in chemical weathering because it initiates the whole process. Some of its effects are oxidation (rusting), hydration and carbonization. Chemical weathering also causes loss of chemical elements by solution in water. Caves, stalactites and stalagmites are created by different chemical processes of weathering Sheet erosion is soil movement from raindrop...
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...Associate Level Material Sedimentary Rock Worksheet Use the following table to describe and distinguish between the effects of weathering and erosion. Each response must be at least 200 words. |Effects of Weathering |Effects of Erosion |What are the Differences? | |Through mechanical and chemical weathering |Erosion is a term that describe the |Weathering involves two processes that | |of exposed rocks on Earth's surface chunks |transport of regolith from one place to |often work in concert to decompose rocks. | |of once embedded in bedrock are now exposed|another as oppose to weathering which |Both processes occur in place. No movement | |to the elements and over time they break |happens in place. Both processes can |is involved in weathering. Chemical | |down. Feldspar crystals in granite break |happen at the same time where weathering |weathering involves a chemical change in at| |down to form clay minerals. Other materials|can cause and rock to break down and then |least some of the minerals within a rock. | |such as quartz break down into sand which |materials from that are then transported |Mechanical weathering involves physically | |varies in grain sizes. "Seditment with |elsewhere by the wind in an erosion |breaking rocks into fragments without | |grain sizes between those of sand and clay |process. Fluids that cause the most erosion|changing...
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...[pic] Axia College Course Design Guide SCI/245 Version 5 Physical Geology Start Date: 9/24/2012 End Date: 11/25/2012 Course Materials Murck, B. W., Skinner, B. J., & Mackenzie, D. (2008). Visualizing geology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Axia College’s Writing Style Handbook, available online at https://axiaecampus.phoenix.edu/Writing_Style_Handbook_AxiaUOP.pdf All electronic materials are available on your student Web site. Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Copyright Copyright © 2009, 2008, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Facilitator...
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...Part 1: Recording Observations In the following chart, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have completed all tests, name the minerals in Part 2 of this worksheet. An example of how to fill out the chart is illustrated follows. Recorded Observations for Minerals 1-7 Tests Example Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Mineral 3 Mineral 4 Mineral 5 Mineral 6 Mineral 7 Color White Gold Green White Pink White White Black Streak White Black White White White White White Brown Luster Shiny Shiny Specks Shiny Specks Shiny Dull Shiny Shiny Shiny Specks Specific Gravity 3.18 5.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.65 2.4 2.2 Cleavage & Fracture Cleavage Fracture Fracture Cleavage Fracture Fracture Cleavage Fracture Hardness 4 3.1-5.4 1-2.9 1-2.9 3.1-5.4 6.1-10 1-2.9 1-2.9 Acid No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction Active bubbling and Fizz No reaction No reaction No Reaction Light bubbling and fizz Part 2: Naming the Minerals Name the minerals in the following table. Then, insert a percentage of how certain you are in your identification. Finally, explain your percentage of certainty: What was confusing about this mineral? What other minerals do you think it could be? Remember, the minerals include seven of the following: borax, calcite, corundum, graphite, gypsum, orthoclase feldspar, pyrite, quartz, talc, and topaz. Identification of Mineral Percent Certain Explanation of Certainty Example: Fluorite 80% certain I am almost certain this mineral is fluorite, but I am...
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...of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/245 Version 6 | | |Geology | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course gives an overview of physical geology by introducing concepts such as plate tectonics and geologic time. Students gain familiarity with the processes that shape the earth's surface and recognize the relevance of studying geology. Topics include the rock cycle, weathering, formation of geological features, and preservation of geological resources. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials ...
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...GLG 101 - Week 6 Assignment: Metamorphic Rocks Lab PART 2/2 (UOP) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.glg101tutorial.com Resources: pp. 108–116 of Geoscience Laboratory and Appendixes K & L Identify and classify the rock examples in Appendix K. Answer the Appendix L questions from your lab book. Write your responses in Appendix K. Complete All of Appendix K & L. Post completed Appendix K & L in the individual forum. Due day 7. ================================================= GLG 101 Assignment Deserts Lab (UOP) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.glg101tutorial.com Resources: pp. 265–276 of Geoscience Laboratory and Appendix M Answer the Appendix M questions from your lab book. Write your responses in Appendix M. Complete ALL of Appendix M. Post completed Appendix M to the individual forum. Due day 7. ================================================= GLG 101 Assignment: Earthquake Technology Lab (UOP) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.glg101tutorial.com Resources: pp. 156–170 of Geoscience Laboratory and Appendix F Answer the questions listed in Appendix F from the lab book. Write your responses in Appendix F. Complete ALL of Appendix F. Post the completed Appendix F in the individual forum. Due day 7. ================================================= GLG 101 Assignment Groundwater Lab (UOP) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.glg101tutorial.com Resource: pp. 213–227 of Geoscience Laboratory and Appendix N. Answer the Appendix N questions from...
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...Associate Program Material History of Rock Worksheet Write a 500- to 750-word explanation regarding the role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rocks. | ORIGIN OF IGNEOUS ROCKS AND THE ROLE OF PLATE TECTONICS | |Igneous rocks form in three main places: where lithospheric plates pull apart at mid-ocean ridges, where plates come together at | |seduction zones and where continental crust is pushed together, making it thicker and allowing it to heat to melting. There are two| |ideas about igneous rocks that are geologically important. The first idea is that igneous rocks evolve - they change from one kind | |of rock into another. The second idea is that rocks are not randomly distributed across the earth. Specific kinds of rocks are | |always found in specific places for specific reasons, all tied into plate tectonic processes. Igneous rocks begin as hot, fluid | |material, and the word "igneous" comes from the Latin for fire. This material may have been lava erupted at the Earth's surface, or| |magma (un-erupted lava) at shallow depths, or magma in deep bodies (plutons). People commonly think of lava and magma as a liquid, | |like molten metal, but geologists find that magma is usually a mush — a liquid carrying a load of mineral crystals. Magma | |crystallizes into a collection of minerals, and some crystallize sooner than others. Not just that, but when they crystallize...
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...Material History of Rock Worksheet Leah Bechtel 12/09/2012 SCI/245 Robert Dillon Write a 500- to 750-word explanation regarding the role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rocks. The role of plate tectonics in the origin of igneous rock is extremely important. Igneous rock is formed from magma that reaches the continental and oceanic crust or through hot spots that are around the world. There are three different places where igneous rocks can form; where the lithospheric plates pull apart at mid ocean ridges, where plates come together at seduction zones, and where continental crust is pushed together making the crust thicker and allowing it to heat to a melting point. The word igneous comes from the Latin word for fire, igneous rocks start off as a hot, fluid material which is usually erupted from the Earth’s surface as lava, or magma at shallow depths or deep depths. Magma is a mush like material that can carry a load of minerals, but people often think of lava and magma as a liquid like material of molten metals. The three types of igneous rocks are extrusive, intrusive and platonic rocks. Extrusive rocks are rocks that form and cool on the crust of the Earth whether it is on the continental crust or the oceanic crust. Extrusive rocks cool quickly, within a few seconds to months and they have invisible or very small grains; extrusive rocks have an aphanitic texture. Intrusive rocks are rocks that form within already existing rocks causing sills and dikes...
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...| Sedimentary Rocks | Sci. 245 Week 5 Assignment | | Bree Odion | 7/24/2011 | | SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Introduction to Sedimentary Rocks The most common rock on Earth’s surface is sedimentary. Sandstone, limestone, and salt are all forms of sedimentary rocks to name a few. (National Atlas of the United States n.d.) This paper will explore the origination of sedimentary rocks; categories associated with sedimentary rocks; and compare the distinguishing characteristics of the three. The discussion will also include how sedimentary rocks are formed and affect of plate tectonics on rocks. Sedimentary rocks are our best records today of how our earth is changing everyday and the best to describe to us why it is changing. Not only can geologists tell based on the shape, and deposits made of sediment but we can tell by the fossils that are made within the sediment rock. This allows us to know things about our earth from billions of years ago that we may have not known if h had not been for sediment. Where Sedimentary Rocks Originate Sedimentary rocks originate from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks. When sediment is deposits it lithifies to create new rocks. Sedimentary rocks occur when sediments, weathered fragments from older rocks as well as biological debris like leaves, trees, and dead animals, are deposited and stay in place long enough for rock to form. It is known that sedimentary rocks contain sandstones, shale’s, and coal seams...
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...by movement along a fault by a volcanic eruption. The vibration can be violent with widespread damage and injury, or if maybe hardly felt at all. Earthquakes can occur at the surface of the earth or as deep as 400 miles below the surface which can trigger other hazards such as landslides and/or tsunamis. These geo-hazards can have far reaching effects on humans and more importantly the surface of the earth. Earthquakes can be small and may cause no damage, whereas a large earthquake may cause destruction over a wide area and may be felt thousands of miles away. There are three types of rock found in Hawaii. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic which are parts of the rock-forming process where rocks go through the rock cycle, where all of these rocks are subject to the process of changing from one rock type to another. Reference Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks (2011) Exploring Earth. Retrieved 2:42, December 12, 2011, from...
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...1. There are two types of weathering. The first is mechanical weathering, the gradual breakdown of rock to sand, and then to silt, or powdered rock, and finally to clay through physical means. Mechanical weathering occurs in a variety of ways. For example, Heat and cold may cause minerals within a rock to expand and shrink at different rates, creating cracks. Water may seep into those cracks and freeze, expanding and splitting the rock. A raging river or ocean waves can smash rocks against each other, wearing the outsides smooth and turning rocks into sand. Or sand carried by the wind can act like sandpaper, slowly wearing rock away. A Glacier can rub debris against the rock beneath it, also acting like sandpaper. Even plants can force rocks to split as roots creep into cracks and grow. The second type of weathering is chemical Weathering, the breakup of rock caused by a change in its chemical makeup. Rain is the most common producer of chemicals that can weather rock. For example, Rain absorbs carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere, forming carbonic acid and sulfuric acid, two liquids capable of dissolving other materials. The levels of carbonic and sulfuric acids in rain, while generally weak, can over time dissolve rock such as limestone, freeing other types of rock. Over very long periods, rain can even dissolve enough limestone to create caves and unusual rock formations. 2. Leo Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in Rosario, Argentina, soccer player Lionel Messi...
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...Aquifer developed over millions of years’ time, to be the faithful water supplier we all know in Texas. The water is naturally cycled through limestone and still needs some treatment after it has been in the ground in this matrix of limestone rock beneath. This water supplies many towns and cities in the region and spans thirteen counties. It is fed by rivers, creeks, and tributaries along the distance (Eckhardt, 2011). Because of the cracks, faults, fractures, sinkholes, and caves, the rivers and streams too, can be contaminated carrying the pollutants to the recharge zone, therefore it must be checked often for quality control. The Edwards Aquifer Authority, along with other groups, like the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and the U.S. Geological Survey, monitor the aquifer for anything toxic which can cause illness or diseases to ensure safe water is supplied through the wells the aquifer services every day (Edwards Aquifer Authority, 2006). Of course there are all kinds of rocks and rock formations included in the geologic make-up of the Edwards Plateau, but the primary types of rocks involved are limestone and sandstone, both sedimentary rocks, but also calcium carbonate and dolomite rocks are present. These rocks...
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...process that lead to fossilization in limestone deposits and volcano deposits. Give specific examples of places or sites where such conditions exist and examples of fossil specimens found there” To start off with we need to know the definitions for what fossilisation and its requirements for it occur. Fossilisation is the preservation of plant or animal remains either cast in stone or petrification. The requirements for fossilisation are: * Rapid burial in sediments * Continuous burial in sediment * Oxygen deprivation * Lack of natural disaster that could alter or damage the fossil and settlement of the sediments and it’s natural predators “Limestone is rock formed mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), but to geologists, limestone is only one of several types of "carbonate rocks.” (www.geology.com/usgs/limestone) The natural formation process of fossilisation in limestone is usually under water for example the ocean or caves. The organism dies and sinks to the bottom of the surface there the calcium carbonate of the bone or shell of the organism don’t decay because the bottom of lakes for are very low in oxygen hence the organism does not become oxygenised so it does not decay. This also is assisted by microorganisms eating away the soft tissue leaving the bone as well as the continuous burial of sediment at the bottom of the lake or sea bed. Made up of shell debris and other sediments, eventually fossilise into limestone leaving a print in the stone...
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...CheckPoint: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks form on the Earth’s surface. Sediment carried by water or wind accumulates in troughs, trenches, and basins. This sediment forms layers that go through a process called lithification. Lithification is the group of process by which loose sediment is transformed into sedimentary rock (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2008). This means the separate particles are joined together to from rock. The process of lithification begins with compaction. Compaction happens when the weight of continuing sediment places pressure on lower layers of sediment. This pressure reduces the pore space. There are two other ways compaction may occur; cementation and crystallization. Cementation is when the water within the sediment evaporates making the pores smaller and crystallization is when new crystalline mineral grains form from old ones. Sedimentary rocks have been divided into 3 categories; clastic, chemical and biogenic. Clastic sedimentary rocks are a combination of mineral debris and fragments of rocks that were formed by erosion and weather. Clastic rocks are often characterized by the size of their grains. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the inorganic deposition of chemicals. This process takes place through the evaporation of a chemical rich solution. The chemicals generally come from the chemical weathering of other rocks and sediments. Biogenic sedimentary rocks are formed from organic material such as decomposed...
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