...UNITS FOR DEMENTIA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA by Annie Murray B.A. St. Thomas University 1998 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE GERONTOLOGY PROGRAM Annie Murray 2001 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY JUNE 2001 All rights reserved. This work may not be Reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy Or other means, without the permission of the author. ii APPROVAL Name: Degree: Title of Project: Annie Murray Master of Arts Environmental characteristics and staff ratings of newer and older special care units for dementia in British Columbia Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Barbara Mitchell _______________________________________________ Dr. Gloria Gutman, Senior Supervisor _______________________________________________ Dr. Kate Oakley, Supervisor _______________________________________________ Dr. Robert Horsfall, External Examiner Date Approved: _______________________________________________ iii Abstract Due to the greater availability of community resources as well as changes in admission policies, seniors are entering care facilities at an older average age and with higher levels of health needs than was the case twenty years ago. The number of dementia cases has also increased dramatically as well as Special Care Units (SCUs) to house persons with dementia. The purpose of this study was twofold. First it described the physical and operational characteristics of a sample of SCUs for dementia currently...
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...MEMORY Prepared by: XXXXXXXXX (matric no.) XXXXXXXXX (matric no.) Group XXX Prepared for: XXXXXXXXXXXX Date of Submission: July 2011 Introduction Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative brain disease, is the most common cause of dementia. It currently afflicts about 4 million Americans and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Furthermore, Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of mental impairment in elderly people and accounts for a large percentage of admissions to assisted living homes, nursing homes, and other long-term care facilities. Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, have been reported in a large proportion of patients with this disease. In fact, it is the presence of these psychotic symptoms can lead to early institutionalization (Bassiony, et al, 2000). Learning about Alzheimer’s disease and realizing that it is much more that just a loss of memory can benefit the families of those with the disorder as well as society as a whole. This paper is to look at the disorder, as well as to discuss the history, symptoms, diagnosis, current researches and hopes of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. History Around the turn of the century, two kinds of dementia were defined by Emil Kraepin: senile and presenile. The presenile form was described more in detail by Alois Alzheimer as a progressive deterioration of intellect, memory and orientation. As a neuropathologist, Alzheimer studied the case a 51 year-old...
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...Alzheimer’s disease, discussing the history, symptoms, diagnosis and hopes for a cure of the disease. Alzheimer’s Disease: Not Just Loss of Memory Introduction Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative brain disease, is the most common cause of dementia. It currently afflicts about 4 million Americans and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Furthermore, Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of mental impairment in elderly people and accounts for a large percentage of admissions to assisted living homes, nursing homes, and other long-term care facilities. Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, have been reported in a large proportion of patients with this disease. In fact, it is the presence of these psychotic symptoms can lead to early institutionalization (Bassiony, et all, 2000). Learning about Alzheimer’s disease and realizing that it is much more that just a loss of memory can benefit the families of those with the disorder as well as society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to look at the disorder, as well as to discuss the history, symptoms, diagnosis and hopes of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. History Around the turn of the century, two kinds of dementia were defined by Emil Kraepin: senile and presenile. The presenile form was described more in detail by Alois Alzheimer as a progressive deterioration of intellect, memory and orientation. As a neuropathologist, Alzheimer studied the case a 51 year-old woman...
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...Alzheimer’s Disease: Not Just Loss of Memory Introduction Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative brain disease, is the most common cause of dementia. It currently afflicts about 4 million Americans and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Furthermore, Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of mental impairment in elderly people and accounts for a large percentage of admissions to assisted living homes, nursing homes, and other long-term care facilities. Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, have been reported in a large proportion of patients with this disease. In fact, it is the presence of these psychotic symptoms can lead to early institutionalization (Bassiony, et all, 2000). Learning about Alzheimer’s disease and realizing that it is much more that just a loss of memory can benefit the families of those with the disorder as well as society as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to look at the disorder, as well as to discuss the history, symptoms, diagnosis and hopes of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. History Around the turn of the century, two kinds of dementia were defined by Emil Kraepin: senile and presenile. The presenile form was described more in detail by Alois Alzheimer as a progressive deterioration of intellect, memory and orientation. As a neuropathologist, Alzheimer studied the case a 51 year-old woman. When she died, Alzheimer performed an autopsy and found that she had “cerebral atrophy”...
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...The Devastation of Dementia: Pathophysiology and Case Study Introduction Relatively little is known about dementia, a disease which affects over 35 million people worldwide (Norton, et al., 2012). Early signs and symptoms may be confused with the “normal” aging process. Those with the disease often try to cover up their mental decline in the early stages, making early diagnosis even more difficult. Educating the medical community and the general population about the signs, symptoms and causes of dementia is an important step in seeking out a cure for this fatal disease. Dementia is a general term for a syndrome that is progressive in nature and is marked by deterioration in cognitive function that is greater than what would normally be expected. There are many types of dementia, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Disease accounts for over 60% of the cases of dementia. Vascular Dementia is the second most common form. Others include Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinsonian Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia. There is no cure for any type of dementia, although there are treatments that help lessen the symptoms. Dementia is a progressive disorder and always results in death, either from complications such as falls" or pneumonia or the dementia itself. The number of people with dementia worldwide is expected to reach over 115 million by the year 2050. The current cost of treating dementia is over 1.5 times that of all cancers combined (Hurd...
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...Dementia is a syndrome characterized by disturbance of multiple brain functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. Consciousness is not clouded. The impairments of cognitive function are commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia and possibly contributes to 60%-70% of cases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. AD is substantially increased among people aged 65 years or more, with a progressive decline in memory, thinking, language and learning capacity. AD should be differentiated from normal age-related decline in cognitive function, which is more gradual and associated with less disability. Disease often starts with mild symptoms and ends with severe brain damage. People with dementia lose their abilities at different rates. Whether these changes may be a cause or consequence of AD remains to be fully understood, but inflammation within the brain, including increased reactivity of the resident microglia towards amyloid deposits, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. The more individuals advance in age the higher is the risk they will develop Alzheimer disease. Most patients develop AD after the age of 65 years old. The risk of developing AD reaches 50% for individuals beyond age 85. Because...
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...Caring for Clients with Dementia P3- The Legislation Enduring Power of Attorney Act It is about anyone who is aged 18 or older who has the mental ability to make decisions for themselves can arrange for someone else to make these decisions for them in the future. This legal authority is called ‘power of attorney’. The person who is given power of attorney is known as the ‘attorney’. The person who is giving the power of attorney is known as the ‘donor’. There are three types of attorney. Under the Lasting Powers of Attorney (LPA) there are personal welfare LPA and property and affairs LPA. The Enduring Powers of Attorney (EPA) deals only with property and affairs. You can have more than one attorney for example someone can appoint attorneys to act jointly when making decisions over their money, but state that only one attorney , acting independently should decide where the person should live. This is supports people with dementia because they may not have the mental capacity to make their own decisions so they may need someone to make their decisions for them. Human Rights Act The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in the UK in October 2000. It is composed of a series of sections that have the effect of codifying the protections in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. The Human Rights Act protects all of us. It protects the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment, protection against slavery and forced labour, the right to liberty...
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...Mission & Philosophy for Good Old Times Adult Daycare Mary Annan George Mason University Over the next twenty years, the majority of the baby boomer generation will reach retirement age; this is defined as any individual over the age of 65 years. The aging of this generation brings great responsibility on the part of health care professionals. Providing quality care through facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, adult daycares, and retirement communities is imperative to the baby boomer’s wellbeing. Per the 2009 US Census Bureau, 6.4% of the population in Loudoun County, Virginia, are persons 65 years or older; the overall Virginia state population of retirement age is 12.2% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Loudoun County has been deemed as the wealthiest and fastest growing suburban county in the northern Virginia area, therefore the percentage of this particular population is expected to increase drastically. The median household per capita income in 2008 was $111,925, as compared to the average per capita income of $61,233, in the state of Virginia (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). With a rise in the population and per capita income, a rise in the cost of living is inevitable. The aging baby boomer generation requires more medical care than their younger counterparts. Hence, an increase in the cost of living for fixed-income or retired individuals places extraordinary financial strain on them and their families. With the cost of most retirement facilities...
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...four major divisions of the cerebral cortex. The temporal lobe regulates memory, hearing, emotions, language, and learning abilities. Sensory receptors work together to regulate overstimulation of the various criterions. The temporal lobe also works to turn short term memory into long term memory. When damage happens to the temporal lobe Wernickes aphasia may occur. Wernickes aphasia affects the left temporal lobe; however five percent of individual the right temporal lobe is affected. This damaged condition results in receptor problems. The individual may have the ability to hear speech, but they will have a great difficulty understanding the meaning of the words. Other disorders that affect the temporal lobe are epilepsy as well as dementia. Other damage symptoms of the temporal lobe are problems with visual perceptions, impaired long-term memory, and changes in affective behavior and personality. Sexual behavior may also change dramatically. The frontal lobe regulates movement, decision making, problem solving, planning, and voluntary muscle movement. The frontal lobe is located in the frontal prefrontal cortex of the brain. If the frontal lobes are damaged it could seriously affect the individuals personality and emotional...
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...Disorders namely Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Dementia, the various domains that can be affected as well as the cross- cultural factors to take into consideration 1 2 Contents Introduction: Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD)/ Dementia 4-5 Mild and Major NCD criteria 5-6 Diagnosing a patient with Vascular Dementia 7-8 Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s Dementia 8-9 Delirium (acute confusional state/ acute brain syndrome) Cross- cultural and contextual perspectives of health 9-11 11-14 - India - Egypt - Islam References 15-16 3 Introduction: Neurocognitive Disorders/ Dementia Neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are a group of disorders in the DSM-5 classification system. These disorders involve the impairment of an individual’s cognitive abilities that involve tasks such as, memory, judgement, problem solving and perception (Burke. A, 2014). Only disorders that show evidence of cognitive deficiencies are classified as NCDs. To name a few, these cognitive deficiencies can be a result of; Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), HIV/AIDS or substance abuse (Burke. A, 2014). The DSM-5 classifies Neurocognitive disorders into three categories, namely, Delirium and Major or Mild NCD. “Within each group, there are further subgroups which are organised according to their aetiology” (Burke. A, 2014: 244) and pathology. As the DSM-5 refer to such disorders as NCD, the ICD-10, still uses the term, Dementia to refer to disorders...
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...This Project can be based on dementia and discuss how these conditions can be addresses to ensure a quality if life for an older person so that they can participate and be considered ‘active living’ within their society. Contents. 1. Introduction 2. What is the condition? what are the physical and psychological changes that occur for the older person with this condition? 3. Exploring the persons needs in relation to the condition. 4. The Role of the carer and the multidisciplinary team in assisting the person with the condition, the practices implemented and the care settings that are available. 5. The Current approaches towards developing quality services for people with the condition. 6. Conclusion 7. Bibliography 8. Appendix Introduction This project is about dementia specifically in cases relating it to older people. It is the attention of the author to discuss the issues that a person with this condition from both a psychological and physical standpoint. The needs of this person will also be outlined in a physical, social, emotional, spiritual and intellectual, financial and environmental basis. The Role of the carer and the role of the multi-disciplinery team and their approach to meet a person’s needs. The author will be discussing the care settings available for people with the condition. The research conducted in this assignment will be form a range of sources such as the appropriate books, websites, leaflets and...
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...Unit 33 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 1.1 DESCRIBE THE RANGE OF CAUSES OF DEMENTIA SYNDROME There are many different types of dementia: Alzheimer’s which is usually found in people over the age of 65 (extract from mayo clinic}Although in most cases the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease isn't known, plaques and tangles are often found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's. Plaques are clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, and tangles are fibrous tangles made up of tau protein. Certain genetic factors also may make it more likely that people will develop Alzheimer's. Vascular dementia which is the second most common form of dementia which is caused by reduced blood flow or blocked blood vessels or even a infection of a heart valve (vascular condition. Lewy body dementia which is caused from abnormal clumps of protein that have been found in the brains of people with Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (Extract from mayo clinic} Frontotemporal dementia (Formally known as picks disease) is caused by break down of the nerve cells in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain which controls behaviours, language, thinking and concentration as well as movement. Korsakoffs syndrome Korsakoff's syndrome is a brain disorder usually associated with heavy alcoholconsumption over a long period. Although Korsakoff's syndrome is not strictly speaking adementia, people with the condition experience loss of short-term memory. This factsheet outlines the...
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...can make a substantial difference to physical and emotional well-being (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2008). 'Dignity' as defined by the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) (2009) is ‘A state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect; and (by extension) self-respect’. Adopting dignity in practice should generate an environment that supports and promotes self-respect, allowing it to flourish by the maintenance of autonomy and informed choice, NMC (2008). The 2006 Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI) publication ‘Living well in later life’ highlighted the lack of dignity and respect for older people in acute hospitals as a major area of concern citing that 45% of NHS resources are spent on older people and this accounts for the greatest use of acute hospital services This discussion will identify the specific needs of the older person from a bio-psychosocial perspective incorporating complicit ethical issues. The role of the nurse in the provision of quality and comprehensive care delivery will of course be examined, integrating theory and practice and exploring the implications for inter-professional working. This personal reflection will develop personal knowledge and self-awareness, which is an essential prerequisite to maintaining patient (Marks-Maran and Rose 1997). Theory from previous modules on the pre-registration nurse-educators programme will be integrated with particular emphasis on the holistic delivery of quality care due to a comprehensive...
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...Bill is a man that has dementia and lives with his niece Jane. He oftens asked the same questions regularly this annoys Jane because she thinks he is doing this on badness, so she shouts into his face this scares and she also pushes him onto his bed, this causes bruising to Bill. This abuse is both physical and psychological abuse. Physical abuse is abuse that hurts the person the body and psychological abuse is harming the person’s mental state. With some forms of abuse in the UK physical and psychological abuse are both at 0.4%. 37% of abusers are family members, the category that Jane is fitted in. While in the Republic of Ireland 1.2% psychological and 0.5% physical of people 65+ were abused. The physical effect on Bill will be a major problem in the long term because it can cause other illnesses with brittle bones having a very change of breaking some of his bones. This can be very serious, especially if he breaks his hip because a large percentage of old people that break their hip dies, so it is very likely to result in death. Since Jane hurts him, he won’t get fed as much as he normally would have because he’ll not able to fed himself which is obviously dangerous because that can also result in early death but before that he will be more vulnerable to sickness and will have a weaker immune system. The emotional distress will be very likely to happen to Bill as a result to Jane’s action because he already is mentally unstable due to dementia being linked with depression...
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...This reflection will discuss skills development, professional awareness and personal development over the past seven weeks whilst on placement with a Primary Care Dementia Practitioner. I will be using Rolfe’s model of reflection which describes the event and the facts, then goes onto discuss why this has been important with the use of an appropriate evidence base and finally to discuss what could be done in the future to improve future practice and make recommendations (Jasper ) What Whilst working in the area described I was able to visit newly referred clients who may be experiencing short term memory difficulties. Our role is to initially visit the client and gain a background history including place of birth, school, past careers up until the problems experienced started. Most of the time a spouse or family member is with the client. We then do a memory assessment by using the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination – ACE-III (British Association of Occupational Therapists, 2012) The results of this assessment are then scored and along with recent Dementia Screening Bloods and an ECG.(North West Dementia Centre,2005) I then liaise with a consultant to determine a diagnosis and treatment which may be suitable, and write to the clients GP detailing the history, presentation, assessment results, diagnosis and any treatment prescribed. This letter will also go to either the client if they have requested it or the care if the client has given permission as required on a Data...
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