...SYSTEMS WITH WHEEL SPEED SENSORS Kishore kumar Dept. Informatik, Masters Automotive Software Engineering Technische Universität Chemnitz Chemnitz, Germany kishore-kumar@s2015.tu-chemnitz.de Abstract— In today’s life, Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) are very common in new model cars. Anti-Lock Braking system have ability to control braking of the car under certain driving environments that in a loss of traction. This paper proposes how wheel speed sensor plays a vital role in decreasing the number of accidents of vehicles. Anti-lock braking system wheel speed sensors monitors the rotation of each wheel, making sure that each wheel is rotating properly. It emphasises about components of Wheel Speed Sensors, the two basic approaches of wheel Speed Sensors in modern...
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...CEG 4392 Computer Systems Design Project SENSOR-BASED ROBOT CONTROL Robotics has matured as a system integration engineering field defined by M. Bradley as “the intelligent connection of the perception to action”. Programmable robot manipulators provide the “action” component. A variety of sensors and sensing techniques are available to provide the “perception”. t ROBOTIC SENSING Since the “action” capability is physically interacting with the environment, two types of sensors have to be used in any robotic system: “proprioceptors” for the measurement of the robot’s (internal) parameters; “exteroceptors” for the measurement of its environmental (external, from the robot point of view) parameters. Data from multiple sensors may be further fused into a common representational format (world model). Finally, at the perception level, the world model is analyzed to infer the system and environment state, and to assess the consequences of the robotic system’s actions. 1. Proprioceptors From a mechanical point of view a robot appears as an articulated structure consisting of a series of links interconnected by joints. Each joint is driven by an actuator which can change the relative position of the two links connected by that joint. Proprioceptors are sensors measuring both kinematic and dynamic parameters of the robot. Based on these measurements the control system activates the actuators to exert torques so that the articulated mechanical structure performs the desired...
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... V. Design of Artificial Intelligence in Irrigation System using PLC A. Power After all the proceedings from transformer, smps, the final values of power sent to PLC is 24V DC. B. Soil Humidity sensor This sensor measures the volumetric water content in the soil. Soil humidity is dependent on the kind of plant, type of growth, type of land and type of soil. The required soil moisture is calculated according to the above mentioned factors: These sensors convert the amount of humidity present in the soil to the corresponding voltage and given as an analog output to the PLC. Generally, these sensors have a range of voltage from 0-3V According to the signal given by the sensor to PLC, the motor pumps desired amount of water. Features: • Extreme low cost with volume pricing. • Not conductivity based. • Insensitive to salinity. • Probe does not corrode over...
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...controlling system is implemented using Zigbee network in the present study. Experiments were carried out at lab scale to sense the temperature, humidity, water level, pH level and fire detection. Based on the information received by the user through GSM, an action of control can be taken from any place. Keywords: Wireless Sensing Network, Zigbee, Agricultural Field Monitoring 1. Introduction Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices which use sensors to monitor physical or environmental parameters such as temperature, sound, vibration and pressure. An application of WSN in agriculture field is Greenhouse monitoring [1-3]. Temperature and humidity, which play a vital role in determining the quality and productivity of crops, are controlled inside the commercial greenhouses using WSNs. WSNs have also played a critical role in the detection of forest fires and plant fires [4-6]. In a WSN system, it is necessary to analyse the application requirements such as wide application area to acquire more distributed data for spatial analysis in precision agriculture, low power consumption, low-rate sensing, reliable and flexible communication, remote management and low cost [7]. A WSN (wireless sensor network)...
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...Aim of this project is control the unmanned rail gate automatically using FPGA platform. Today often we see news papers very often about the railway accidents happening at un- attended railway gates. Present project is designed to avoid such accidents if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitter and two receivers,one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upside (from the train comes) at a levelhigher than human being in exact alignment and similarly other pair is fixed at 1Km away from gate to detect train depature.IR sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum size of theIndian railway, normally 5 seconds. The sensors are fixed at 5000 meters on foreside and 1000 meters on aft side, wecall fore side sensor pair for common towards gate train, and aft side sensors for the train just Crosses the gate. When train cross the fore side sensor it gives signal to the gate receiver to close the gate. The buzzer is activated to clear the gate area for drivers .Gate motor is turned on in one direction and gate is closed, and stay closed till train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors when aft side receiver get activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops . If there is any problem in the gate means it will operate red signal on both side for the driver indication. Train arrival and departure...
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...Logan, UT 84322-4160, USA {chao, yongcan}@cc.usu.edu, yqchen@ece.usu.edu Abstract— This paper presents a survey of the autopilot systems for small fixed-wing unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The UAV flight control basics are introduced first. The radio control system and autopilot control system are then explained from both hardware and software viewpoints. Several typical commercial off-the-shelf autopilot packages are compared in detail. In addition, some research autopilot systems are introduced. Finally, conclusions are made with a summary of the current autopilot market and a remark on the future development.This paper presents a survey of the autopilot systems for small fixed-wing unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The UAV flight control basics are introduced first. The radio control system and autopilot control system are then explained from both hardware and software viewpoints. Several typical commercial offthe-shelf autopilot packages are compared in detail. In addition, some research autopilot systems are introduced. Finally, conclusions are made with a summary of the current autopilot market and a remark on the future development. Index Terms— Autopilot systems, autonomous navigation, unmanned air vehicle (UAV), remotely piloted vehicle (RPV), unmanned aircraft system (UAS), flight control. commercial and research autopilot systems so that the researchers can either purchase or build the UAVs and autopilots based on their specific application requirements. The paper is organized as...
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...Tutorial 9 Cascade Control Description: The tutorial gives a series of exercises on the proper design of cascade controls, which can dramatically improve the performance of feedback control systems, when it is designed and implemented correctly. The first exercise is about determining whether the cascade control was possible in the design of furnace coil outlet temperature control. If it not properly designed, appropriate changes must be made. The same thing is done with the second exercise but this time; bottoms composition analyzer control for distillation was designed. The last two exercises are about choosing the correct characteristics of primary and secondary variable sensors. Generalization: Cascade is possible only if it meets the cascade design criteria. For the first exercise, which is the furnace coil outlet temperature control, in fuel supply pressure, cascade is better. The flow controller will compensate for the disturbance. Whether the secondary corrects for the complete disturbance depends on the flow sensor. In an orifice meter, the density changes with pressure. Therefore, maintaining the flow measurement (ΔP) constant does not maintain the actual flow constant. The mass flow rate can be measured by a mass flow meter, such as a coriolos meter. The total heat release depends on the mass flow rate for light gas hydrocarbon fuels without hydrogen. Therefore, maintaining mass flow rate constant will completely compensate for pressure changes. Cascade control with mass flow...
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...Acoustic Sensor Networks Ian F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia Broadband & Wireless Networking Laboratory School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Tel: (404) 894-5141 Fax: (404) 894-7883 e-mail:{ian, dario, tommaso}@ece.gatech.edu Abstract— Ocean bottom sensor nodes can be used for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, Unmanned or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will find application in exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater Networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the underwater channel is characterized. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed at all layers of the protocol stack. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined. I. I NTRODUCTION Ocean bottom sensor nodes are...
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...For a process to be adequately controlled and manipulated, the variable of interest in the process (e.g. Temperature, Pressure or Flow) often called the Process Variable (PV) needs to be measured by a sensor which converts the measurement into a suitable signal format (4 – 20mA or digital) and then transmit it to a controller which makes the control decision and finally acts on a final control element in the control loop. What does this signal transmission is referred to as a transmitter. The schematic below illustrates the interactions between all the elements in the control loop: | Elements of a Process Control Loop | What is a Transmitter? A Transmitter is a device that converts the signal produced by a sensor into a standardized instrumentation signal such as 3-15 PSI air pressure, 4-20 mA DC electric current, Fieldbus digital signal etc., which may then be conveyed to an indicating device, a controlling device, or both. The indicating or controlling device is often located in a centralized control room. The transmitter often combines a sensor and the transmitter in a single piece. The sensor measures the process variable and generate a proportional signal. The transmitter then amplifies and conditions the sensor signal for onward transmission to the receiving or controlling device. | --> Transmitters Used in Process Instrumentation: Transmitters can be broadly divided into two broad groups: (a) Electronic Transmitters (b) Pneumatic Transmitters ...
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...injection has come to be the modern fuel system that new cars use today, but there are still many people that prefer the carburetor. Even though some people favorprefer carburetors over fuel injection, fuel injection is more efficient and can deliver more power than carburetors-which makes it the, best method of fuel delivery. Electronic Fuel Injection is controlled by the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit manages the fuel and air mixture, idle speed, ignition timing and valve timingThis control unit also utilizes sensors which measures components such as air pressure, engine temperature, throttle position and engine speed(7).The fuel is sent to the engine with a high pressure electric fuel pump at around 35 psi. (8) The fuel pump sends the fuel through a fuel filter and through the...
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...Software Requirements Specification FOR AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM PREPARED BY: SHIKHAR MALIK (13BCE0494) EMAIL: shikhar.malik2013@vit.ac.in SUBMITTED TO: PROF. AKILA VICTOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LAB (L5+L6) SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Table of contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 1.2 Purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 1.3 Scope………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..5 1.4 Overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 7 2. Overall Description 2.1 Process Model……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 2.2 Work Break-down Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………….9 2.3 Data flow Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 2.4 Tentative Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 2.5 Use-Case Model ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 3. Specific Requirement 3.1 Functional Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………….....14 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………14 ...
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...VARIOUS ACCIDENT DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES AND RECOVERY SYSTEMS WITH VICTIM ANALYSIS Presented By Ch. Ramya Keerthi1, G. Shanmukh 2, Dr. R. Sivaram 3 1. B.Tech Student ,Dept. of ECE, St. Mary’s Women’s Engineering College 2. B.Tech Student, Dept. of ECE, Acharya Nagarjuna University 3. Principal, St. Mary’s Women’s Engineering College Paper ID: ICCSIE202013 The World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering International Conference on Computer Science and Information Engineering (ICCSIE 2013) May 24, 2013, Venue: Solitaire Hotel, Bangalore, India CONTENTS MOTIVATION CONCLUSION OUR ADD-ON OUTLINE OF APPROACH INTRODUCTION LETS SOLVE THE PROBLEM APPROACH TO PROBLEM MOTIVATION Increase in Death Ratio due to Accidents Unable to Know the Victims Condition Unable to provide assistance in unpopulated areas INTRODUCTION Cont.. INTRODUCTION Indian roads alone accounted for approximately 105,000 accidental fatalities in 2010. Almost 15 % of the global road fatalities when India has just 1 percent of the total global vehicles. Increasing trend during the decade of 2000-2010 with an increase of 50 percent in the year 2010 as compared to the year 2000. INTRODUCTION This survey shows number of deaths due to accidents according to 2010 15409 15337 15099 14063 TAMIL NADU ANDHRA PRADESH UTTAR PRADESH MAHARASTRA 7479 6490 4008 DELHI BANGALORE MUMBAI ...
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...communication technology is a primary need. This paper explore the communication opportunities in the HAN—one of the key components of SmartGrid. Keywords: HAN(Home Area Network), DER(Distributed Energy Resources), WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) I INTRODUCTION SmartGrid[1] will integrate the sensor technology, communication technology, alternate energy resources with electric power system, to enable the existing electric network with the abilities of self-healing, interaction, compatibility, integration.[4, 5].Conventional power systems areexperiencing transition from centralized supply side management to decentralized supply&demand side management due to power system restructuring and addition of distributed generations (DGs) with renewable power sources in the past two decades. Therefore load management in the new operating environment becomes more difficult[8]. Home Area Network (HAN) extends smart grid capabilities into the home using different networking protocols. HAN is an important component of the smart grid. It provides energy utilization for both customers and providers. Customers can remotely turnoff the devices based on the real time information from the provider. This enables for the smoothening of the demand curve and better load control. In the following sections we discuss the prototype implementation of HAN based on ZigBee technology. ZigBee technology is based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. IEEE802.15.4 is an economic, high-efficiency, low-rate standard...
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...------------------------------------------------- IMPROVING INTRUSION PREVENTION (IPS)SENSOR SYSTEM University of Maryland University College By Isaac Chellepo Toee ------------------------------------------------- IMPROVING INTRUSION PREVENTION (IPS)SENSOR SYSTEM University of Maryland University College By Isaac Chellepo Toee To: Professor Jim Chen To: Professor Jim Chen Table Content 2………………………………………………………………………Abstract 3……………………………………………………………………….Introduction 4………………………………………………………………………Scope 4-5……………………………………………………………………Importance of IPS 5-6……………………………………………………………………IPS Challenges 7………………………………………………………………………IPS Sensor 8………………………………………………………………………Limitations and Benefits 8-9……………………………………………………………………Solution 10………………………………………………………………….…Conclusion 11…………………………………………………………………….References ABSTRACT This paper illustrate an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) which is based on sensors in the Network. These sensors are considered honeypots. The system is designed to offer a lot of possibilities to get the most of information gathered about attackers. The analysis of network based intrusion prevention system process reveals one challenge facing administrator: containing the threats or mitigating the threats in the shortest possible time. Information security is crucial and plays a very important role in designing any high-speed network device on system. Since the present generation of intrusion prevention system has numerous limitations...
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...A PROTOTYPE OF SMART PARKING USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Manisha Department of Instrumentation and Control JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida, India manishadhangar1609@gmail.com Shivangi Saini Department of Instrumentation and Control JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida, India shivangisaini1109@gmail.com Apoorva Shukla Department of instrumentation and Control JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida, India apoorva2k@gmail.com Prof. Swati Mishra Department of Instrumentation and Control JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida, India swatimishra@jssaten.ac.in ABSTRACT This project is an attempt to automate major processes of manual Car Parking System including availability checking of a car through sensor signal output....
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